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Protetika
Prof. dr. B. Ljubić
Protetika-definicija
 … medicinsko-tehnička
specijalnost koja se bavi
konstrukcijom, izradbom,
aplikacijom i evaluacijom
proteza
Proteze-definicija
 Proteze su ortopedska pomagala
koja funkcionalno i/ili estetski
nadomještaju izgubljeni ud ili njegov
dio
Suvremena načela protetike
 Rana protetička opskrba(u 3.- 4. tj.)
 Modularni sustav u izradi proteze
 Ležište s totalnim kontaktom
 Individualizacija u opskrbi
Suvremena tehnologija
izrade proteza
 Materijali: plastični materijali, titan,
ugljična vlakna, nisko-temperaturna
plastika, drvo…
 CAD/CAM tehnologija
 Modularni sustav
Proteze donjeg uda-tipovi
 Endoskeletni-modulski tip proteze
 Egzoskeletni tip proteze
Dijelovi proteze
 Ležište za bataljak
 Zglob
 Nosivi modul
 Stopalna jedinica
Ležište za bataljak
 Najvažniji dio proteze
 Uvijek se izrađuje individualno
 Suvremena ležišta imaju totalni
kontakt
Stopalna jedinica proteze
 SACH(Solid Ankle Cushion Heel)stopalo
 Greissinger stopalo; gumeni elementi u
razini skočnog zgloba omogućuju pokrete
u sagitalnoj i frontalnoj ravni
 Dynamik stopalo; aktivniji hod (mlađe
osobe)
 Seattle stopalo; s ugrađenim opružnim
elementom(sportske mlađe osobe)
Greissinger stopalo s modeliranim
skočnim zglobom-egzoskeletna
proteza
Greissinger modularno
stopalo
Dinamičko stopalo
SACH stopalo s prstima
Koljena jedinica egzoskeletne
protezeproteze
Koljene jedinice i nosivi modul
endoskeletne-modularne proteze
Estetski modul
endoskeletne proteze
Proba endoskeltne proteze
Proteze kod amputacije stopala
 Amputacija prstiju; Ispuna prednjeg
dijela cipele i elastični element u potplatu
 Lisfrancova amputacija; Proteza u
obliku ljuske koja se navlači na ostatak
stopala
 Chopartova amputacija; Proteza po
Botti, obuhvaća bataljak i prednji dio
potkoljenice
 Symeova amputacija je lakša za
opskrbu , moguće je aplicirati stopalnu
jedinicu
Proteze kod egzartikulacije
koljena
 Bataljak, opteretiv vršno
 Ležište, dvoslojno, unutarnji meki
dio od polietilena i vanjski tvrdi od
lijevane smole
 Koljeno, u pravilu višeosovinsko
 Stopalo, individualno, zavisno od
dobi…
Proteze kod amputacije
natkoljenice
Ležište:
1. Klasično kvadrilateralno-opterećenje na
tuberu
2. CAT/CAM(Contured Adducted
Trochanteric/Controled Aligment Method)-
ishijadični tuber u ležištu
Koljena i stopalna jedinica, izbor
individualan
Proteze kod egzarztikulacije kuka
i hemipelvekomije
 Ležište, «kanadska košarica»
 Skelet i zglobne jedinice kuka i
koljena individualno
 Stopalo –najčešće SACH
Proteze gornjih udova
 Funkcionalno –mehaničke
 Mioelektronske
 Neuroelektrične
 Estetske
Proteze šake
Mehanizam mehaničke
proteze šake
Dodaci za mehaničku
proteze šake
Podlaktična modularna
proteze
Mehanizam i estetski modul
proteze šake
Funkcija proteze šake
Estetske proteze
Estetska proteza -
dama
Estetska proteza
dijete
Estetska proteza šake i
podlaktice-starija osoba
Mioelektrična proteza šake
proteza šake
Rehabilitacija osoba s
amputacijama donjih udova
 Preopetrativna faza
 Postoperativna faza
 Preprotetička faza
 Protetička faza
Protetička faza rehabilitacije
1.Opskrba protezom
2.Kineziterapijski program:
 Vježbe bataljka
 PNF
 Kondicijske vježbe s otporom
 Vježbe u protezi
 Vježbe ravnoteže i koordinacije s
protezom
Opskrba protezom
Indikacija za protezu:
 Odabir vrste i izradba proteze
Kontraindikacije za protezu:
 Teža kardiovaskularna oboljenja
 Neurološka oboljenja sa slabom
kontrolom motorike
 Neprimjerena psihološka i mentalna
razina
Cilj rehabilitacije u
protetičkoj fazi
 Pravilno postavljanje i skidanje proteze
 Vježbe ravnoteže i hod u razboju
 Hod s protezom po ravnom
 Sjedanje i ustajanje s protezom
 Hod preko zapreka
 Hod po stubama
 Padanje i ustajanje…
 Hod u prirodnim uvjetima
 Ulazak i izlazak iz automobila…
Trajanje rehabilitacije
kod prve proteze
 Potkoljena amputacija – 6 tjedana
 Natkoljena amputacija – 8 tjedana
 Obostrana natkoljena – do 6
mjeseci!
Rezultat protetske
rehabilitacije
 Hod s protezom – odličan rezultat
 Hod s protezom uz pomoć štaka –
dobar…
 Hod bez proteze sa štakama – loš …
 Korištenje kolica – najlošiji ishod
Specifičnosti protetske
rehabilitacije starijih
 Konsultacija s internistom!
 Primjena laganih i jednostavnih
proteza
 Kod kardiopata stalno mjerenje
pulsa i tlaka Schellongovim testom
ortostaze
 Eventualno telemetrijsko praćenje
EKG-a i RR
Specifičnosti protetske
rehabilitacije djece
 Kod kongenitalnih malformacija, prva
proteza se aplicira u doba uspravljanja(9-
12 mj.)
 Zbog rasta potrebite su česte prilagodbe
visine i ležišta proteze
 Čest problem kod potkoljenih amputacija
je varus deformacija bataljka(duga
fibula!)
 U početku stabilna a kasnije mobilna
koljena jedinica…
Zaključak
 Cilj protetike je postići da
onesposobljenost ne preraste u
invalidnost
 Cilj treba biti realan
 Preskripcije, tehnika,rehabilitacija i
psihološka podrška je jednako važne

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