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Proteins.composition structure and types
- 1. PROTEINS Classified on theBasis of Compostion Presented by: Areeba Zafar Submitted to : Ms. Sumera
- 2. PROTEINS • Proteins arecomplex macromolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids. • They play critical roles in virtually all biological processes, including • catalysis of biochemical reactions, • structural support, transport of molecules, and • regulation of cellular activities.
- 3. CLASSIFICATION • Owing totheir diverse roles and complex structures, proteins are classified systematically to better understand their nature and functionality STRUCTURE COMPOSITION
- 4. COMPOSTION • Proteins canbe classified into three primary categories based on their composition: • Simple Proteins • Conjugated Proteins • Derived Proteins
- 5. 1. Simple Proteins Homoproteins consistsolely of amino acids. Upon hydrolysis, they yield only amino acids and no other non- protein components. exhibit a simple, linear structure
- 6. 2. Conjugated Proteins complexproteins that contain non- amino acid components known as prosthetic groups, covalently or non- covalently attached to the polypeptide chain. Upon hydrolysis, yield amino acids and the prosthetic group.
- 7. TYPES OF CONJUGATED PROTEINS Glycoproteins:Proteins with carbohydrate groups covalently attached • Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side- chains. PROCESS IS CALLED GLYCOSYLATION .
- 8. 2. Phosphoproteins: Proteinsthat have phosphate groups attached. Phosphoproteins are proteins that have a phosphate group attached 3. Lipoproteins: Proteins bound to lipids. Lipid-containing proteins are called lipoproteins. This class includes some of the blood plasma proteins and also a large number of membrane proteins.
- 9. • Nucleoproteins: Proteinscombined with nucleic acids. Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. • Chromoproteins: Proteins that contain pigmented prosthetic groups. The chromo proteins are a heterogeneous group of conjugated proteins related to each other only in that they all possess color. hemoglobin’s myoglobin’s, and other heme-containing proteins cytochromes and hemerythrins belong to this group.
- 10. • Hemoproteins: Proteinscontaining heme as a prosthetic group. Hemoglobin contains the prosthetic group known as heme. • Flavoproteins: Proteins that contain a flavin group as a prosthetic group. • Metalloproteins: Proteins that contain metal ions as cofactors.
- 11. 3. Derived Proteins: Derived proteins are products resulting from the hydrolysis of simple or conjugated proteins. • Formed by the breakdown of native proteins through physical or chemical processes. • Include smaller peptides and fragments with altered properties compared to the original proteins.
- 12.