The Eagle is a production of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, EFCC, Nigeria's foremost anti-graft agency. On this platform, you will watch how the Commission is working hard to rid Nigeria of all forms of Economic and Financial Crimes.
The Eagle is a production of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, EFCC, Nigeria's foremost anti-graft agency. On this platform, you will watch how the Commission is working hard to rid Nigeria of all forms of Economic and Financial Crimes.
Anti-Corruption Strategy
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Anti-Corruption Strategy
Prisons are places filled with people convicted of a crime creating a dangerous criminal subculture. It is essential for prison staff to be above approach and not to lower themselves to the level of prisoners by engaging in corruption. When a prison is experiencing a problem with corruption including brutality it is essential to develop an effective anti-corruption strategy to eliminate the corruption and promote the culture of good practices and zero tolerance. An effective anti-corruption strategy will reduce and prevent corruption while increasing transparency.
The first step in developing an anti-corruption strategy is to understand the extent of the problem. This involves conducting an investigation into the extent of the corruption into the prison. After the research is conducted, through interviewing prison staff and prisoners and reviewing video tapes, prison officials involved in corruption especially those brutalizing prisoners will be prosecuted and terminated. This will send a clear message that corruption will not be tolerated in the prison setting and prison officials involved in corruption will face potential criminal charges and termination.
Next the prison needs to establish a clear anti-corruption policy outlining what type of behavior is forbidden as well as outlining the expected behavior of prison officials (Coonjohn, 2011). It is important to develop an anti-corruption attitude and encourage ethical behavior through an anti-corruption policy. Once the policy is established it must be communicated to prison staff. Correctional staff must be aware of the ethical expectations through an established ethical code. The management must be encouraged and trained on creating an ethical work environment where prison officials apply sound ethical decision making. This includes complying with anti-corruption laws.
Once the anti-corruption policy is created and communicated to all stakeholders the prison will need to establish a means of investigating officers accused of corruption offenses. In the future if prison guards engage in corrupt behavior their needs to be away for prisoners to report this behavior as well as prison guards. It can be difficult to be a whistleblower if you are a member of law enforcement. The identity of the whistleblower must be kept anonymous. Prisoners that report the corruption should also be allowed to remain anonymous. Prisoners will also fear backlash from the corrupt prison guards.
An effective anti-corruption policy will clearly outline what constitute as misconduct and/or violations of law should be clearly stated in a written policy statement and be incorporated in orientation and continuing training (Souryal, 2009). When acts of corruption are reported by prisoners or prison staff theses allegations must be investigated and guilty offenders swiftly punished. Corruption in the prison .
Abortion in the criminal law Marge Berer presentation 23 january 2014Lisa Hallgarten
There are few countries in the world where abortion isn't regulated by the criminal law. As a result doctors and women can be prosecuted for providing or having an abortion that is considered illegal. In this presentation, Marge Berer introduces a report which finds that all over the world women are in prison because they have had, or are suspected of having an illegal abortion. This is information that has not been captured before, and what has been shocking for many readers has been the role that health care professionals themselves have played in the arrest and prosecution of women who have sought medical help from them.
DPP NORTH GAUTENG REFERS LIFE ESIDIMENI DOCKET FOR A FORMAL INQUESTSABC News
After careful consideration of all the facts, reports and available information, the Acting Director of Public Prosecutions (ADPP)-Pretoria, Advocate George Baloyi has decided that a formal and joint inquest into all deaths related to the Esidimeni tragedy be held in the High Court of Pretoria before a Judge.
RUNNINGHEAD Bias in Criminal Investigations .docxanhlodge
RUNNINGHEAD: Bias in Criminal Investigations 1
Bias in Criminal Investigations
Alkhamis Abdualziz
Tiffin University
Bias in Criminal Investigations
06/09/2016
An Analogue Study of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigations
Convicting a suspect being guilty is usually a difficult task more especially to People given the responsibility to carry out the sentence. These individuals include; police officers, district attorneys, judges and jury members. This is widely contributed by risks they may face such as; developing confirmation bias or tunnel vision. These parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent
People are biased to test hypotheses by looking for confirmation rather than by searching for falsification. According to Kassin (2005) a research bases on psychology suggests that human beings rarely seek, interpret, and create behavioral data that verify it’ once they have an impression thus they are inclined for bias. In a classic study, Lord, Ross, and Lepper (1979) it was found out that confirmation bias has various definite level owing to the fact personal opinions do defer.
People have the aspects of favoring confirmation as laps testing strategy as illustrated by Wason’s card selection paradigm. They also tend to play a progressive role in producing information; apart from selectively confirming evidence, overweighting confirming evidence they also devise strategies in way that that they are more opportunist driven than falsification. (Snyder and Swann (1978) which used these case study to reach for a decision, the more confirming questions the interviewer asked, and the more likely naïve judges were to perceive the interviewee as an extravert. Hence, by asking confirmatory questions, people can actually create confirmatory behavioral information, even in the eye of the naïve beholder.
Confirmation bias is bound to occur during criminal proceeding due to the following; incidental miscarriages of justice in which confirmation bias on the part of police, public prosecution, and even the judge seems to have play central role. According to (Posthumus, 2005). Public defense and police seems to develop some kind of tunnel vision. Another reason is the structure of criminal proceeding. Judge prompt his verdict by naming the evidence that has led him to be convinced of the suspect’s guilt. Yet the process of justifying information is ignored. Criminal proceedings also affected by confirmation bias as (Meissner and kassim 2002) suggest. I t is difficult for police officer to change their minds if they believe that a suspect is lying. Same case applies to jurors they base their judgments on previous proceedings. Criminal procedure naturally provoke confirmation bias.
Three studies has been developed to help in determining between guilt-co.
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provid.docxpauline234567
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following
· The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
· Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
· How these processes interact to affect the patient.
Case study:
A 65-year-old patient is 8 days post op after a total knee replacement. Patient suddenly complains of shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and palpitations. On arrival to the emergency department, an EKG revealed new onset atrial fibrillation and right ventricular strain pattern – T wave inversions in the right precordial leads (V1-4) ± the inferior leads (II, III, aVF)
Rubric
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examing the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:Explain both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms.
Explain how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient.
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
Written Expression and Formatting - Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting - English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
Written Expression and Formatting - The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
STUDENT REPLIES
STUDENT REPLY #1 Catherine Lynn Edwards
Evidence is where facts or information is found that could indicate if a belief is true, especially in relationship with a crime. (Brandl, S., 2018). The chain of evidence is the process of collecting evidence, identifying what the evidence is and storing the evidence to potentially be used in court. (Brandl, S., 2018). Law enforcement and other types of people who work with crime scenes work alongside the legal department to ensure that the evidence gets properly handled and stored to potentially be used in court against the alleged criminal. Law enforcement is in charge of handling the evidence and storing it. (Brandl, S., 2018). There are scientist who are able to study the evidence and find clues within the evidence, such as DNA to help find out what that piece of evidence was used for and by who. (Brandl, S., 2018). The investigators assist in taking all the clues and pieces of evidence and try to make sound observations and potential causes for the crime. (Brandl, S., 2018). The investigators s.
Philippine Ambassador to Red China Sonia Brady's Notes presented by Senator Juan Ponce Enrile accusing Senator Sonny Trillanes of Treason. Source: ABS-CBN
Anti-Corruption Strategy
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Anti-Corruption Strategy
Prisons are places filled with people convicted of a crime creating a dangerous criminal subculture. It is essential for prison staff to be above approach and not to lower themselves to the level of prisoners by engaging in corruption. When a prison is experiencing a problem with corruption including brutality it is essential to develop an effective anti-corruption strategy to eliminate the corruption and promote the culture of good practices and zero tolerance. An effective anti-corruption strategy will reduce and prevent corruption while increasing transparency.
The first step in developing an anti-corruption strategy is to understand the extent of the problem. This involves conducting an investigation into the extent of the corruption into the prison. After the research is conducted, through interviewing prison staff and prisoners and reviewing video tapes, prison officials involved in corruption especially those brutalizing prisoners will be prosecuted and terminated. This will send a clear message that corruption will not be tolerated in the prison setting and prison officials involved in corruption will face potential criminal charges and termination.
Next the prison needs to establish a clear anti-corruption policy outlining what type of behavior is forbidden as well as outlining the expected behavior of prison officials (Coonjohn, 2011). It is important to develop an anti-corruption attitude and encourage ethical behavior through an anti-corruption policy. Once the policy is established it must be communicated to prison staff. Correctional staff must be aware of the ethical expectations through an established ethical code. The management must be encouraged and trained on creating an ethical work environment where prison officials apply sound ethical decision making. This includes complying with anti-corruption laws.
Once the anti-corruption policy is created and communicated to all stakeholders the prison will need to establish a means of investigating officers accused of corruption offenses. In the future if prison guards engage in corrupt behavior their needs to be away for prisoners to report this behavior as well as prison guards. It can be difficult to be a whistleblower if you are a member of law enforcement. The identity of the whistleblower must be kept anonymous. Prisoners that report the corruption should also be allowed to remain anonymous. Prisoners will also fear backlash from the corrupt prison guards.
An effective anti-corruption policy will clearly outline what constitute as misconduct and/or violations of law should be clearly stated in a written policy statement and be incorporated in orientation and continuing training (Souryal, 2009). When acts of corruption are reported by prisoners or prison staff theses allegations must be investigated and guilty offenders swiftly punished. Corruption in the prison .
Abortion in the criminal law Marge Berer presentation 23 january 2014Lisa Hallgarten
There are few countries in the world where abortion isn't regulated by the criminal law. As a result doctors and women can be prosecuted for providing or having an abortion that is considered illegal. In this presentation, Marge Berer introduces a report which finds that all over the world women are in prison because they have had, or are suspected of having an illegal abortion. This is information that has not been captured before, and what has been shocking for many readers has been the role that health care professionals themselves have played in the arrest and prosecution of women who have sought medical help from them.
DPP NORTH GAUTENG REFERS LIFE ESIDIMENI DOCKET FOR A FORMAL INQUESTSABC News
After careful consideration of all the facts, reports and available information, the Acting Director of Public Prosecutions (ADPP)-Pretoria, Advocate George Baloyi has decided that a formal and joint inquest into all deaths related to the Esidimeni tragedy be held in the High Court of Pretoria before a Judge.
RUNNINGHEAD Bias in Criminal Investigations .docxanhlodge
RUNNINGHEAD: Bias in Criminal Investigations 1
Bias in Criminal Investigations
Alkhamis Abdualziz
Tiffin University
Bias in Criminal Investigations
06/09/2016
An Analogue Study of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigations
Convicting a suspect being guilty is usually a difficult task more especially to People given the responsibility to carry out the sentence. These individuals include; police officers, district attorneys, judges and jury members. This is widely contributed by risks they may face such as; developing confirmation bias or tunnel vision. These parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent
People are biased to test hypotheses by looking for confirmation rather than by searching for falsification. According to Kassin (2005) a research bases on psychology suggests that human beings rarely seek, interpret, and create behavioral data that verify it’ once they have an impression thus they are inclined for bias. In a classic study, Lord, Ross, and Lepper (1979) it was found out that confirmation bias has various definite level owing to the fact personal opinions do defer.
People have the aspects of favoring confirmation as laps testing strategy as illustrated by Wason’s card selection paradigm. They also tend to play a progressive role in producing information; apart from selectively confirming evidence, overweighting confirming evidence they also devise strategies in way that that they are more opportunist driven than falsification. (Snyder and Swann (1978) which used these case study to reach for a decision, the more confirming questions the interviewer asked, and the more likely naïve judges were to perceive the interviewee as an extravert. Hence, by asking confirmatory questions, people can actually create confirmatory behavioral information, even in the eye of the naïve beholder.
Confirmation bias is bound to occur during criminal proceeding due to the following; incidental miscarriages of justice in which confirmation bias on the part of police, public prosecution, and even the judge seems to have play central role. According to (Posthumus, 2005). Public defense and police seems to develop some kind of tunnel vision. Another reason is the structure of criminal proceeding. Judge prompt his verdict by naming the evidence that has led him to be convinced of the suspect’s guilt. Yet the process of justifying information is ignored. Criminal proceedings also affected by confirmation bias as (Meissner and kassim 2002) suggest. I t is difficult for police officer to change their minds if they believe that a suspect is lying. Same case applies to jurors they base their judgments on previous proceedings. Criminal procedure naturally provoke confirmation bias.
Three studies has been developed to help in determining between guilt-co.
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provid.docxpauline234567
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following
· The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
· Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
· How these processes interact to affect the patient.
Case study:
A 65-year-old patient is 8 days post op after a total knee replacement. Patient suddenly complains of shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and palpitations. On arrival to the emergency department, an EKG revealed new onset atrial fibrillation and right ventricular strain pattern – T wave inversions in the right precordial leads (V1-4) ± the inferior leads (II, III, aVF)
Rubric
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examing the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:Explain both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms.
Explain how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient.
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
Written Expression and Formatting - Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting - English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
Written Expression and Formatting - The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
STUDENT REPLIES
STUDENT REPLY #1 Catherine Lynn Edwards
Evidence is where facts or information is found that could indicate if a belief is true, especially in relationship with a crime. (Brandl, S., 2018). The chain of evidence is the process of collecting evidence, identifying what the evidence is and storing the evidence to potentially be used in court. (Brandl, S., 2018). Law enforcement and other types of people who work with crime scenes work alongside the legal department to ensure that the evidence gets properly handled and stored to potentially be used in court against the alleged criminal. Law enforcement is in charge of handling the evidence and storing it. (Brandl, S., 2018). There are scientist who are able to study the evidence and find clues within the evidence, such as DNA to help find out what that piece of evidence was used for and by who. (Brandl, S., 2018). The investigators assist in taking all the clues and pieces of evidence and try to make sound observations and potential causes for the crime. (Brandl, S., 2018). The investigators s.
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By Jerome Aning | Philippine Daily Inquirer 7:40 am | Monday, July 14th, 2014
Home > Newsinfo > Latest News Stories > Nation
Prosecutors hit transfer of witness program
Screengrab from http://www.doj.gov.ph/
MANILA, Philippines–Government prosecutors have expressed opposition to a bill in the House of Representatives that seeks to transfer from the
Department of Justice (DOJ) to the courts supervision of the Witness Protection Program (WPP), which takes under its wings key witnesses in criminal
cases.
Prosecutor General Claro Arellano, chief of the National Prosecution Service (NPS), said House Bill No. 4583, authored by Deputy Speaker Sergio
Apostol, would undermine the ability of government prosecutors to handle the witnesses.
Arellano, head of the country’s more than 2,500 prosecutors, warned that the proposal—if approved by Congress—could also have grave
repercussions in the dispensation of justice.
“The proposal to remove the WPP [from] the DOJ would seriously undermine our prosecutors’ ability to obtain and sustain our witnesses’ collaboration
in the investigation and case build-up,” he said in a statement.
“Dismantling lawless elements in our society requires getting information that can be difficult to obtain without witnesses,” he added.
Depoliticize WPP
Apostol’s bill seeks to “depoliticize” the WPP, which was established in April 1991 under Republic Act No. 6981, or the Witness Protection, Security and
Benefit Act.
The program, according to the DOJ website, “seeks to encourage a person who has witnessed or has knowledge of the commission of a crime to testify
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The WPP has a P195.7-million budget for this year, up from P184.6 million in 2013, according to the Department of Budget and Management.
Citing the courts’ insufficient resources, Arellano said witnesses could be subjected to “intimidation and suppression” if taken from the DOJ’s
supervision, resulting in “failed prosecutions” of cases.
Cornerstones
The prosecutor general also cited the importance of witnesses as “cornerstones of successful criminal justice systems.
“In a society where the use of forensic evidence is at its infancy, we prosecutors rely on our witnesses’ ability to recall and relate relevant information
essential to the successful prosecution of cases,” he said.
For these reasons, Arellano asked the lawmakers to judiciously evaluate the wisdom of the bill.
“We at the NPS hope that our legislators would continue to allow us to provide security and support to our witnesses, in facilitating their ability to give
the kind of testimony required for the maintenance of the rule of law,” he said.
Weaken DOJ powers
Lawyer-academician Abraham Espejo also expressed opposition to the bill seeking to transfer the WPP to the courts, saying that such a move would
“immensely weaken” the DOJ.
“Obviously, if the WPP is stripped off the DOJ, it would immensely weaken and affect its exercise of investigative powers and case buildup in the prompt
filing and prosecution of offenses in court,” Espejo said in a statement.
Espejo, dean of the New Era University College of Law, said that instead of being transferred to the regular courts, the WPP under the DOJ should be
enhanced.
He said the WPP bolstered the justice department’s investigative powers to swiftly act on grave cases through the cooperation of a vital witness or
witnesses with personal knowledge of a crime in exchange for guaranteed immunity under the law.
“In granting immunity, a distinction should be made, either the same is granted before and during the investigation and case buildup or after filing the
information in court. If the immunity is granted before the filing of the case, it is the sole prerogative of the DOJ who should be admitted to the program
after the required evaluation and determination of the qualifications of the vital witness,” he said.
“However, if the case has already been filed in court, the grant of immunity and admission into the program is only recommendatory on the part of the
government prosecutors, which is subject to the approval of the court where the case was filed,” Espejo added.
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