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Lester J. Rosario Rodríguez
       RISE Program
   Technology today
       Continues to advance
       People become more dependent
         Cell phones
            become people’s most important gadget because
             they facilitate communication
         Divan and collaborators in 2008 associated cell
          phones use during pregnancy to behavioral
          problems in children.
            Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    (ADHD):

   Symptoms include:
       difficulty staying focused and paying attention
       difficulty controlling behavior
       hyperactivity (over-activity).
Prenatal high exposure to cell phone use
 provokes attention-deficit/hyperactivity
         disorder in the offspring.
To determine if the prenatal high exposure to cell
           phone use causes attention-
          deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Raise awareness in pregnant women about the
              use of cell phones.




          Google.com
First Phase:
 A big group of recently pregnant women will
   be asked to fill a questionnaire
       Time they spent a day talking through cell phones.
   Another questionnaire will be filled by these
    mothers about the behavior of their children
       Children of 3 to 6 years old.
       Questions included: Are their children using cell
        phones? How much time?
   It will be determined how many children are
    diagnosed with ADHD.
Second Phase:
 Expose pregnant hamsters to electromagnetic
  radiation equivalent to cell phones exposure.
     Frequencies:
         900 MHz
         1.9 GHz
         2.4-GHz
         5.8 GHz
     Groups and time intervals:
       Group 1= 3 hours a day
       Group 2= 6 hours a day
     Control group: no exposure
   Propose pregnant women to use cell phones
    with low frequencies of electromagnetic
    radiation or use them for short periods.

   Research about the effects of high exposure to
    cell phone use in the behavior or health of
    children, adolescents and adults.
   Divan, Hozefa A.; Kheifets, Leeka; Obel, Carsten; Olsen, Jørn. (2008).
    Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Cell Phone Use and Behavioral
    Problems in Children. Retrieved from:
    http://journals.lww.com/epidem/Abstract/2008/07000/Prenatal_and_Post
    natal_Exposure_to_Cell_Phone_Use.1.aspx

   Vrijheid M, Martinez D, Forns J, Guxens M, Julvez J, Ferrer,
    Sunyer J. (2010). Prenatal exposure to cell phone use and
    neurodevelopment at 14 months. Retrieved from:
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20087192

   NIMH. (2008). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
    Retrieved on July 2, 2010, from:
    http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-
    hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml
Google.com




             Google.com

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Proposal Presentation

  • 1. Lester J. Rosario Rodríguez RISE Program
  • 2. Technology today  Continues to advance  People become more dependent  Cell phones  become people’s most important gadget because they facilitate communication  Divan and collaborators in 2008 associated cell phones use during pregnancy to behavioral problems in children.  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • 3. The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):  Symptoms include:  difficulty staying focused and paying attention  difficulty controlling behavior  hyperactivity (over-activity).
  • 4. Prenatal high exposure to cell phone use provokes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring.
  • 5. To determine if the prenatal high exposure to cell phone use causes attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  • 6. Raise awareness in pregnant women about the use of cell phones. Google.com
  • 7. First Phase:  A big group of recently pregnant women will be asked to fill a questionnaire  Time they spent a day talking through cell phones.  Another questionnaire will be filled by these mothers about the behavior of their children  Children of 3 to 6 years old.  Questions included: Are their children using cell phones? How much time?  It will be determined how many children are diagnosed with ADHD.
  • 8. Second Phase:  Expose pregnant hamsters to electromagnetic radiation equivalent to cell phones exposure.  Frequencies:  900 MHz  1.9 GHz  2.4-GHz  5.8 GHz  Groups and time intervals:  Group 1= 3 hours a day  Group 2= 6 hours a day  Control group: no exposure
  • 9. Propose pregnant women to use cell phones with low frequencies of electromagnetic radiation or use them for short periods.  Research about the effects of high exposure to cell phone use in the behavior or health of children, adolescents and adults.
  • 10. Divan, Hozefa A.; Kheifets, Leeka; Obel, Carsten; Olsen, Jørn. (2008). Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Cell Phone Use and Behavioral Problems in Children. Retrieved from: http://journals.lww.com/epidem/Abstract/2008/07000/Prenatal_and_Post natal_Exposure_to_Cell_Phone_Use.1.aspx  Vrijheid M, Martinez D, Forns J, Guxens M, Julvez J, Ferrer, Sunyer J. (2010). Prenatal exposure to cell phone use and neurodevelopment at 14 months. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20087192  NIMH. (2008). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Retrieved on July 2, 2010, from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit- hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml
  • 11. Google.com Google.com