Proposal Draft
Summary
Detecting real-time traffic congestion is the most crucial step in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Numerous congestion detection technologies, such as inductive loop detectors, traffic radar sensors, and video surveillance cameras, have been proposed and demonstrated acceptable performances. However, due to the inflexibility and high maintenance cost required for deploying and operating inductive loop detectors and traffic radar sensors, video-based traffic sensing technique has been gaining its popularity in detecting traffic congestion. Congestion detection function embedded in the video-based system relies on video analytics (VA). VA is a video image processing technique which captures the changes of individual image pixels. Since the quality of video image is affected by environmental factors such as weather (e.g., snow, rain), and light condition (e.g., sun glare, car headlight during the night time), VA often produces undesirable accuracy for the congestion detection, thereby resulting in numerous false alarms for the operators in the traffic management centers (TMCs). Therefore, in practice, the TMC operators often turn off the congestion detection function and conduct manual detection by watching video footages all the time, which is inefficient and time consuming particularly for the large number of video cameras.
Introduction
The significance of my research lies in improving the state-of-the-practice of real-time traffic congestion detection without any extra cost to build infrastructure. The research will develop and evaluate an innovative VA-free real-time traffic congestion detection method. Powered by Artificial Intelligence integrated with Machine Learning techniques, the proposed method will conduct human-like traffic congestion detection in an automatic and robust manner by bypassing the implementation of video image processing. The proposed method will enable to cover the large number of video footages in real-time. Thus, it will dramatically reduce the time and effort for the TMC operators to detect traffic congestion and improve the accuracy of the detected congestion.
Project Description
Thanks to the accelerated development of computing power and machine learning algorithm, training a large data set in a comparatively short amount of time was made possible.In this research we pursue an autonomous traffic congestion detection method, more specifically, detection of the sudden speed drop. We approach this problem by using machine learning techniques, looking for the patterns of traffic congestion information from historical unlabeled video footage data, then reshape them and feed them into a constructed neuro-network. The model used will be learned offline by using Google TensorFlow™. The research difficulties arise when attempting to do this in real-time under changing illumination and weather conditions as well as heavy traffic congestions. We will propose a novel approach to us.
This document is a PhD dissertation defense from Lara Codeca at the University of Luxembourg on dynamic vehicular routing in urban environments. The dissertation addresses two main research questions: 1) What is the impact of dynamic rerouting on traffic congestion in urban settings? 2) How can testing tools and a realistic traffic scenario be used to evaluate dynamic routing? The dissertation presents a selfish traffic optimization approach using dynamic rerouting that is able to mitigate the impact of traffic congestion on a global scale. It also describes the development of the Luxembourg SUMO Traffic scenario, a new general-purpose traffic scenario built to validate simulation results in a realistic urban environment.
This document describes a thesis that aims to classify users traveling between Rome and Milan into different transportation modes (railway, highway, air) based on their mobility traces recorded in call detail records (CDR). The thesis will analyze the spatio-temporal information in CDR to construct user journey trajectories between the two cities. It will then classify the trajectories into different transportation modes using a "cell probabilities" method and "journey compatibility" method that compares the trajectories to manually identified sample journeys for each mode. The goal is to infer users' transportation modes to better understand human mobility patterns between the two major Italian cities.
IoT-Daten: Mehr und schneller ist nicht automatisch besser.
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The document provides an introduction to the book "Introduction to Digital Communications" by Joachim Speidel. It discusses the following key points:
1. The book covers fundamentals and applications of modern signal processing and communication technologies, including topics like information theory, signal processing, wireless communications, and computer networks.
2. The book is intended for graduate students, scientists, and engineers interested in digital communications. It presents the material from a theoretical perspective with mathematical proofs.
3. The book is organized into four parts that cover digital communications over single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output channels, the theory of linear time-variant systems, and wireless communication systems with multipath propagation.
The continuous evolution of the Internet is currently enabling an ever-rowing availability of novel and appealing on-line services and applications. In this respect, with the simplification of wireless and wired communication electronics, being coupled to new and different on-line capable devices, we are witnessing a wide availability of connected nodes, which require the exchange of information with other devices and equipment, a concept that is currently being referred to as Machine-To-Machine. In this way, the Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) is introduced as a Machine-to-Machine communication protocol recently standardised by the IETF and intended to be used as a simpler alternative to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for connecting limited devices over constraint networks. Nevertheless, CoAP is not just a compressed version of HTTP with some extensions, CoAP is transported over UDP to simplify the network stack and provide a request/response interaction model between application endpoints, so far optimized to be small, light-weight and fast for these cutting-edge M2M and Internet of Things (IoT) applications
In this master’s thesis, we analyse the limitations and desired improvements of a current M2M deployment of an UK based company to track their fleet of vehicles. So that, we propose and design an autonomous M2M system based on CoAP to track a single vehicle and also identify its likely drivers. Finally, the real proof of concept is implemented using Python as main programming language and also validated.
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This document proposes an IoT-based smart guide platform for indoor museums to improve the visitor experience. The system uses a wearable device with a camera and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to identify the user's location and capture images of artworks. This information is sent to a processing center along with the captured images. At the processing center, the images are analyzed to recognize the artwork and location data is used to retrieve multimedia content about the artwork from the server. The relevant content is then sent to the user's smartphone via an app. The system aims to automatically provide customized information to users as they view different artworks in the museum in order to deliver content in a more engaging way compared to traditional paper guides or audio guides.
This document is a PhD dissertation defense from Lara Codeca at the University of Luxembourg on dynamic vehicular routing in urban environments. The dissertation addresses two main research questions: 1) What is the impact of dynamic rerouting on traffic congestion in urban settings? 2) How can testing tools and a realistic traffic scenario be used to evaluate dynamic routing? The dissertation presents a selfish traffic optimization approach using dynamic rerouting that is able to mitigate the impact of traffic congestion on a global scale. It also describes the development of the Luxembourg SUMO Traffic scenario, a new general-purpose traffic scenario built to validate simulation results in a realistic urban environment.
This document describes a thesis that aims to classify users traveling between Rome and Milan into different transportation modes (railway, highway, air) based on their mobility traces recorded in call detail records (CDR). The thesis will analyze the spatio-temporal information in CDR to construct user journey trajectories between the two cities. It will then classify the trajectories into different transportation modes using a "cell probabilities" method and "journey compatibility" method that compares the trajectories to manually identified sample journeys for each mode. The goal is to infer users' transportation modes to better understand human mobility patterns between the two major Italian cities.
IoT-Daten: Mehr und schneller ist nicht automatisch besser.
Über optimale Sampling-Strategien, wie man rechnen kann, ob IoT sich rechnet, und warum es nicht immer Deep Learning und Real-Time-Analytics sein muss. (Folien Deutsch/Englisch)
[Signals and Communication Technology ] Joachim Speidel - Introduction to Dig...George K. Karagiannidis
The document provides an introduction to the book "Introduction to Digital Communications" by Joachim Speidel. It discusses the following key points:
1. The book covers fundamentals and applications of modern signal processing and communication technologies, including topics like information theory, signal processing, wireless communications, and computer networks.
2. The book is intended for graduate students, scientists, and engineers interested in digital communications. It presents the material from a theoretical perspective with mathematical proofs.
3. The book is organized into four parts that cover digital communications over single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output channels, the theory of linear time-variant systems, and wireless communication systems with multipath propagation.
The continuous evolution of the Internet is currently enabling an ever-rowing availability of novel and appealing on-line services and applications. In this respect, with the simplification of wireless and wired communication electronics, being coupled to new and different on-line capable devices, we are witnessing a wide availability of connected nodes, which require the exchange of information with other devices and equipment, a concept that is currently being referred to as Machine-To-Machine. In this way, the Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) is introduced as a Machine-to-Machine communication protocol recently standardised by the IETF and intended to be used as a simpler alternative to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for connecting limited devices over constraint networks. Nevertheless, CoAP is not just a compressed version of HTTP with some extensions, CoAP is transported over UDP to simplify the network stack and provide a request/response interaction model between application endpoints, so far optimized to be small, light-weight and fast for these cutting-edge M2M and Internet of Things (IoT) applications
In this master’s thesis, we analyse the limitations and desired improvements of a current M2M deployment of an UK based company to track their fleet of vehicles. So that, we propose and design an autonomous M2M system based on CoAP to track a single vehicle and also identify its likely drivers. Finally, the real proof of concept is implemented using Python as main programming language and also validated.
Acoustic event characterization for service robot using convolutional networksIJECEIAES
This paper presents and discusses the creation of a sound event classification model using deep learning. In the design of service robots, it is necessary to include routines that improve the response of both the robot and the human being throughout the interaction. These types of tasks are critical when the robot is taking care of children, the elderly, or people in vulnerable situations. Certain dangerous situations are difficult to identify and assess by an autonomous system, and yet, the life of the users may depend on these robots. Acoustic signals correspond to events that can be detected at a great distance, are usually present in risky situations, and can be continuously sensed without incurring privacy risks. For the creation of the model, a customized database is structured with seven categories that allow to categorize a problem, and eventually allow the robot to provide the necessary help. These audio signals are processed to produce graphical representations consistent with human acoustic identification. These images are then used to train three convolutional models identified as high-performing in this type of problem. The three models are evaluated with specific metrics to identify the best-performing model. Finally, the results of this evaluation are discussed and analyzed.
Office service robot/majorprojectjiit2013-14Disha Singh
In today’s world there is an acute need of automating exchange of information-both logical and physical. In most offices there is a shortage of manpower. Thus my project aims to provide an infrastructure to transfer the physical data without human intervention.
Implementation Of An Iot-Based Ecosystem Aware Smart Guide Platform In Indoor...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an IoT-based smart guide platform for indoor museums to improve the visitor experience. The system uses a wearable device with a camera and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to identify the user's location and capture images of artworks. This information is sent to a processing center along with the captured images. At the processing center, the images are analyzed to recognize the artwork and location data is used to retrieve multimedia content about the artwork from the server. The relevant content is then sent to the user's smartphone via an app. The system aims to automatically provide customized information to users as they view different artworks in the museum in order to deliver content in a more engaging way compared to traditional paper guides or audio guides.
This document describes a master's thesis that designed a real-time telemetry system called BANET for monitoring mobile objects in groups. The system consists of sensing devices attached to objects, a group of monitored objects, and a monitoring application. Key design factors were the tendency of objects to form groups and their mobility. The innovative aspect of the system is that it supports group behavior by having neighboring objects form clusters with clusterheads that send aggregated data, improving performance over individual reporting. The thesis studied clustering algorithms and wireless technologies to design the network architecture. A prototype implementation including sensor nodes, server, and monitoring application was developed and experiments showed that clustering can significantly reduce data transmission costs for monitoring mobile groups in real-time.
A Big Data Telco Solution by Dr. Laura Wynterwkwsci-research
Presented during the WKWSCI Symposium 2014
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Demonstration of visual based and audio-based hci systemeSAT Journals
This document describes the development of a visual-based and audio-based human-computer interaction system using MATLAB. The researchers created a graphical user interface with buttons for color input and speech input. For color recognition, the system could detect primary colors like red, green, and blue in real-time video frames or offline images. For speech recognition, audio input was compared to pre-recorded audio files to perform operations like opening a web browser. The algorithms and results of the color detection and speech recognition are explained in detail with figures and flowcharts. The system achieved 98% accuracy in color detection and could open programs based on the detected speech input.
Mobile information collectors trajectory data warehouse designIJMIT JOURNAL
To analyze complex phenomena which involve moving objects, Trajectory Data Warehouse (TDW) seems to be an answer for many recent decision problems related to various professions (physicians, commercial representatives, transporters, ecologists …) concerned with mobility. This work aims to make trajectories as a first class concept in the trajectory data conceptual model and to design a TDW, in which data resulting from mobile information collectors’ trajectory are gathered. These data will be analyzed, according to trajectory characteristics, for decision making purposes, such as new products commercialization, new commerce implementation, etc.
Call for Chapters- Edited Book: Real-World Applications of Quantum Computers ...Christo Ananth
It is no surprise that Quantum Computing will prove to be a big change for the world. The practical examples of quantum computing can prove to be a good substitute for traditional computing methods. Quantum computing can be applied to many concepts in today’s era when technology has grown by leaps and bounds. It has a wide beach of applications ranging from Cryptography, Climate Change and Weather Forecasting, Drug Development and Discovery, Financial Modeling, Artificial Intelligence, etc. Giant firms have already begun the process of quantum computing in the field of artificial intelligence. The search algorithms of today are mostly designed according to classical computing methods. While Comparing Quantum Computers with Data Mining with Other Counterpart Systems, we are able to understand its significance thereby applying new techniques to obtain new real-time results and solutions
This document describes research into using the Tecnomatix Plant Simulation software to simulate and visualize traffic processes at a traffic node. The researchers created a simulation model and methodology for simulating traffic light intersections using this software, which was originally intended for production and logistics processes. Their goal was to develop a simulation model that could jointly simulate both production logistics and city logistics processes. Their work demonstrates that Tecnomatix Plant Simulation has potential for creating microscopic traffic simulation models and visualizing traffic processes at intersections. The proposed methodology could enable combining simulations of production logistics and their effects on public transportation networks and urban mobility in a single integrated model.
An Architecture For Character-Mediated Interactive PresentationsJennifer Daniel
This document describes the architecture of Cyrano, a system for interactive presentations of cultural heritage information using an artificial character. Cyrano generates presentations on a portable device where a character inhabits a virtual space and responds to user inputs with pre-built script units. The system architecture is based on beliefs, desires, and intentions (BDI) and uses modules to understand user input, determine goals, select appropriate scripts, and schedule multimedia output. An example application for the Royal Apartments of La Mandria is provided to illustrate how the system works in a drama-based interactive presentation.
This document discusses using an artificial neural network to predict the success of a logistics network. It begins by introducing the research purpose of analyzing logistics network performance using ANN techniques. It then provides details on the neural network model and methodology, including analyzing sample networks to find shortest paths and relationships between parameters. The research implementation section describes using MATLAB to set up example neural networks for sample logistics networks and comparing predicted outputs to actual industry data. The conclusion suggests that neural networks can provide intelligent predictions for logistics networks given sufficient historical data.
Book-2011 Kopetz Real-time systems Design principles for distributed embedded...AlfredoLaura2
This document provides an overview and preface for the textbook "Real-Time Systems" by Hermann Kopetz. The textbook is intended as a senior/graduate level textbook on real-time embedded systems and covers 14 topics that could map to a 14-week semester course. It assumes a basic background in computer science or engineering. The second edition has been substantially revised with new chapters on simplicity, energy/power awareness, and the Internet of things. It focuses on the design of distributed real-time systems at the architecture level while considering the progression of physical time.
This document discusses the development of a design framework for integrating sensors with robot controllers. It identifies requirements for the framework, including allowing open and closed loop control schemes using multiple sensor types, modeling and interfacing sensors, and object recognition from sensor data. The framework aims to address gaps in existing approaches by defining common components and rules for cooperation between sensors and controllers in industrial applications. It describes sensor types, robot controllers, control schemes, and a layered architecture for robotic applications to provide context.
Call for Chapters- Edited Book: Real World Challenges in Quantum Electronics ...Christo Ananth
Most experts would consider this the biggest challenge. Quantum computers are extremely sensitive to noise and errors caused by interactions with their environment. This can cause errors to accumulate and degrade the quality of computation. Developing reliable error correction techniques is therefore essential for building practical quantum computers. While quantum computers have shown impressive performance for some tasks, they are still relatively small compared to classical computers. Scaling up quantum computers to hundreds or thousands of qubits while maintaining high levels of coherence and low error rates remains a major challenge. Developing high-quality quantum hardware, such as qubits and control electronics, is a major challenge. There are many different qubit technologies, each with its own strengths and weaknesses, and developing a scalable, fault-tolerant qubit technology is a major focus of research. Funding agencies, such as government agencies, are rising to the occasion to invest in tackling these quantum computing challenges. Researchers — almost daily — are making advances in the engineering and scientific challenges to create practical quantum computers
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NUMERICAL STUDIES OF TRAPEZOIDAL PROTOTYPE AUDITORY MEMBRANE (PAM)IJCSEA Journal
In this research, we developed numerically a Prototype Auditory Membrane (PAM) for a fully implantable and self contained artificial cochlea. Cochleae are one of the important organs for hearing in the human and animals. Material of the prototype and implant of PAM are made of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)- Kureha, Japan which is fabricated using MEMS and thin film technologies. Another important thing in the characteristic of the PAM is not only convert the acoustic wave into electric signal but also the frequency selectivity. The thickness, Young’s modulus and density of the PAM are 40 μm, 4 GPa, and 1.79 103 kg/m3, respectively. The shape and dimension of the PAM is trapezoidal with the width is linearly changed from 2.0 to 4.0 mm with the length are 30 mm. Numerically, we develop the model of PAM is based on commercial CFD software, Fluent 6.3.26 and Gambit 2.4.6. The geometry model of the PAM consists of one-sided blocks of quadrilateral elements for 2D model and tetrahedral elements for 3 D model respectively. In this study we set the flow as laminar and carried out using unsteady time dependent calculation. The results show that the frequency selectivity of the membrane is detected on the membrane surface.
This document is the PhD dissertation of Óscar González Fernández submitted to the University of Cantabria. The dissertation explores linear interference alignment in MIMO networks, analyzing the feasibility conditions and number of possible solutions for IA. It also presents two algorithms for computing IA solutions - one based on homotopy continuation and one on Gauss-Newton method. The algorithms can reliably find IA solutions faster than previous methods and allow evaluating system performance by selecting the best solution from a small set of computed solutions.
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Call for Papers- Special Session: Applications of Computational Intelligence, Internet of Things and Cutting Edge Technologies
Christo Ananth, Dr.Akhatov Akmal Rustamovich, Dr.Muhtor Nasirov
Professor, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan
Tollan xicocotitlan a reconstructed city by augmented reality ( extended )ijdms
Work In Terminal presents the analysis, design, implementation and results of Reconstruction Xicocotitlan
Tollan-through augmented reality (Extended), which will release information about the Toltec capital
supplemented by presenting an overview of the main premises of the Xicocotitlan Tollan city supported
dimensional models based on the augmented reality technique showing the user a virtual representation of
buildings in Tollan phase.
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and pl.docxbriancrawford30935
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and plan to apply an index technique to convert them into an inverted index.
Doc 1?Information retrieval is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources. Searches can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing.
Doc 2?Information retrieval is finding material of an unstructured nature that satisfies an information need from within large collections.
Doc 3?Information systems is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.
In the process of creating the inverted index, please complete the following steps:
Remove all stop words and punctuation, and then apply Porter’s stemming algorithm to the documents. Thelist of stop words for this task is provided as follows:
Is, The, Of, To, An, A, From, Can, Be, On, Or, That, Within, And, Use
Create a merged inverted list including the within-document frequencies for each term.
Use the index created in part (b) to create a dictionary and the related posting file.
You may like to test the inverted index by using the following keywords:information, system, index
.
You have been working as a technology associate the information .docxbriancrawford30935
You have been working as a technology associate the information systems department at Corporation Techs for a while now. You have discovered so far that all of Corporation Techs’ computer systems share the same Class C public IP address range, including workstations along with servers providing authentication, e-mail, and both secure and public Web sites.
Your next task in this project is to construct a basic network design. An important requirement for the network design is to reduce the number of public addresses needed as the subnet lease results in very high ISP costs.
Tasks
Construct a basic network design, separating private and public services within the Corporation Techs’ network. To do so, you must:
Access the PCAP files using NetWitness Investigator, and browse the Nmap scan (XML format), topology fisheye chart (PDF format), and Nessus report (HTML format).
Identify vulnerabilities and clear-text information transfer.
Conduct research and determine the best network design to ensure security of internal access while retaining public Web site availability.
Identify any opportunities for reduced ISP costs through port redirection or address translation.
Design a network configuration, identifying network gateways, port or address redirection systems, and the location of hosts within private and protected network segments.
Create a professional report detailing the information above as supportive documentation for the network security plan.
Create a report that includes a basic network diagram and research results.
.
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This document discusses real-time cloud robotics and its applications in smart cities. It introduces the C2RO cloud robotics platform, which uses stream processing to connect low-cost robotic devices virtually and process data. The document addresses the challenge of latency in cloud robotics and proposes a hybrid cloud/edge computing model to distribute processing. It provides examples of using C2RO for object recognition and SLAM. The document also describes a people counting project in collaboration with Philips and MIT using C2RO to process data from smart street lights.
OPTIMIZING COST FOR ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS ON GEO-DISTRIBUTED CLOUDSsri harsha vanamala
This document discusses optimizing costs for online social networks on geo-distributed clouds. It proposes modeling storage costs, intercloud traffic costs, and redistribution costs to approximate the total cost over time periods. The system aims to minimize monetary expenses while ensuring quality of service and data availability. Key advantages include significantly reducing costs compared to existing approaches by leveraging social locality and optimizing placements across clouds. Modules include constructing the social networking system, and modeling different cost components to solve a series of optimization problems.
NUMERICAL STUDIES OF TRAPEZOIDAL PROTOTYPE AUDITORY MEMBRANE (PAM)IJCSEA Journal
In this research, we developed numerically a Prototype Auditory Membrane (PAM) for a fully implantable and self contained artificial cochlea. Cochleae are one of the important organs for hearing in the human and animals. Material of the prototype and implant of PAM are made of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)- Kureha, Japan which is fabricated using MEMS and thin film technologies. Another important thing in the characteristic of the PAM is not only convert the acoustic wave into electric signal but also the frequency selectivity. The thickness, Young’s modulus and density of the PAM are 40 μm, 4 GPa, and 1.79 103 kg/m3, respectively. The shape and dimension of the PAM is trapezoidal with the width is linearly changed from 2.0 to 4.0 mm with the length are 30 mm. Numerically, we develop the model of PAM is based on commercial CFD software, Fluent 6.3.26 and Gambit 2.4.6. The geometry model of the PAM consists of one-sided blocks of quadrilateral elements for 2D model and tetrahedral elements for 3 D model respectively. In this study we set the flow as laminar and carried out using unsteady time dependent calculation. The results show that the frequency selectivity of the membrane is detected on the membrane surface.
This document is the PhD dissertation of Óscar González Fernández submitted to the University of Cantabria. The dissertation explores linear interference alignment in MIMO networks, analyzing the feasibility conditions and number of possible solutions for IA. It also presents two algorithms for computing IA solutions - one based on homotopy continuation and one on Gauss-Newton method. The algorithms can reliably find IA solutions faster than previous methods and allow evaluating system performance by selecting the best solution from a small set of computed solutions.
SNML-TNG: Linked Media Interfaces. Graphical User Interfaces for Search and A...Salzburg NewMediaLab
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Call for Papers- Special Session: Applications of Computational Intelligence, Internet of Things and Cutting Edge Technologies
Christo Ananth, Dr.Akhatov Akmal Rustamovich, Dr.Muhtor Nasirov
Professor, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan
Tollan xicocotitlan a reconstructed city by augmented reality ( extended )ijdms
Work In Terminal presents the analysis, design, implementation and results of Reconstruction Xicocotitlan
Tollan-through augmented reality (Extended), which will release information about the Toltec capital
supplemented by presenting an overview of the main premises of the Xicocotitlan Tollan city supported
dimensional models based on the augmented reality technique showing the user a virtual representation of
buildings in Tollan phase.
Similar to Proposal DraftSummaryDetecting real-time traffic congestion .docx (20)
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and pl.docxbriancrawford30935
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and plan to apply an index technique to convert them into an inverted index.
Doc 1?Information retrieval is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources. Searches can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing.
Doc 2?Information retrieval is finding material of an unstructured nature that satisfies an information need from within large collections.
Doc 3?Information systems is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.
In the process of creating the inverted index, please complete the following steps:
Remove all stop words and punctuation, and then apply Porter’s stemming algorithm to the documents. Thelist of stop words for this task is provided as follows:
Is, The, Of, To, An, A, From, Can, Be, On, Or, That, Within, And, Use
Create a merged inverted list including the within-document frequencies for each term.
Use the index created in part (b) to create a dictionary and the related posting file.
You may like to test the inverted index by using the following keywords:information, system, index
.
You have been working as a technology associate the information .docxbriancrawford30935
You have been working as a technology associate the information systems department at Corporation Techs for a while now. You have discovered so far that all of Corporation Techs’ computer systems share the same Class C public IP address range, including workstations along with servers providing authentication, e-mail, and both secure and public Web sites.
Your next task in this project is to construct a basic network design. An important requirement for the network design is to reduce the number of public addresses needed as the subnet lease results in very high ISP costs.
Tasks
Construct a basic network design, separating private and public services within the Corporation Techs’ network. To do so, you must:
Access the PCAP files using NetWitness Investigator, and browse the Nmap scan (XML format), topology fisheye chart (PDF format), and Nessus report (HTML format).
Identify vulnerabilities and clear-text information transfer.
Conduct research and determine the best network design to ensure security of internal access while retaining public Web site availability.
Identify any opportunities for reduced ISP costs through port redirection or address translation.
Design a network configuration, identifying network gateways, port or address redirection systems, and the location of hosts within private and protected network segments.
Create a professional report detailing the information above as supportive documentation for the network security plan.
Create a report that includes a basic network diagram and research results.
.
You have chosen to join WHO. They are particularly interested in.docxbriancrawford30935
You have chosen to join WHO. They are particularly interested in your microbiology skills since there have been many outbreaks of disease around the world. Now that you have reviewed your microbiology, you have been notified that you will be sent to one of two areas, West Africa, or the Middle East. In preparation, the Peace Corp would like you to choose one of these areas and complete a plan to deal with outbreaks or potential outbreaks in the area.
Choose an outbreak from those below to investigate.
Ebola or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Locate resources that will provide information about the infection, causing microbe, mode of infection, mode of spread, group or groups specifically susceptible, where outbreak occurred and when, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, infection control.
Find first person reports such as interviews or personal reports or journals on the outbreak. If you need help work with the librarian.
Design and submit an outline of the information you have uncovered. You will use this information to complete the project.
The outline should contain information and cited resources for:
Name of the disease chosen
Causing microbe
Mode of infection
Mode of spread
Group or groups specifically susceptible
Where outbreak occurred and when
Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
Infection control.
.
You have been tasked to present at a town hall meeting in your local.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked to present at a town hall meeting in your local town or city to present the details about a new local policy that is being proposed. The presentation will need to define the problem, proposed solutions, risks, challenges, and funding opportunities/challenges. Topics may include local government changes to communities (for example, transportation, commercial enterprise effects on nearby townships, affordable housing construction, environmental effects of new/old business operations, addressing homelessness support, and others).
Using the
Policy Identification and Analysis Assignment Template [PPTX],
develop an 8–10 slide presentation in which you:
Analyze and define the problem to include possible political conflicts.
Identify risks and challenges.
Identify and construct policy alternatives and solutions.
Identify stakeholders and key roles.
Identify funding opportunities, challenges, and budget cost factors, to include saving measures.
Select supportive and evaluative criteria.
Identify incentives, subsidies, and potential benefits.
Draw conclusions in a thorough summary, including lessons learned.
Use the Internet or Strayer databases at the
Strayer Library
to locate at least three quality resources in this assignment.
Note
: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Use the
Policy Identification and Analysis Assignment Template [PPTX]
.
.
You have been tasked as the health care administrator of a major hos.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked as the health care administrator of a major hospital to create a financial plan for your organization. What would you include in your financial plan? Compare an operating budget versus a capital budget? Include examples of each budget in a hypothetical department or unit of a hospital. Cite and reference your resources.
.
You have been tasked to devise a program to address the needs of.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked to devise a program to address the needs of crime victims. To better understand what type of program to devise, you need to review some crime data. The crime data will help you to identify the various types of crimes being committed and how the various types of crime victims are impacted by their offenders. Select a source that compiles crime data. Describe why you selected that particular source and what type of data that source contains. Secondly, describe the basic goals of your proposed program and what types of services the program would provide to crime victims based on the various types of crimes. For example, what would be a program goal for a rape victim, and what type of program(s) or service(s) would be devised to address the victim’s needs (this could include gender, age, and group counseling sessions).
Assignment Guidelines
Select a source that compiles crime data.
Address the following in 750–1,000 words:
Why did you select that particular source? Explain in detail.
What type of data does that source contain? Describe in detail.
What are the basic goals of your proposed program? Explain in detail.
What types of services would the program provide to crime victims with regard to the various types of crime? Explain in detail.
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
You have been successful in your application for the position be.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been successful in your application for the position below and are invited to interview – time and date to be arranged.
Job Title: Social Care Worker – Residential services Panel
The social care worker will…
· work with children / young people, families and / or significant others, Social Work teams, other healthcare providers and agencies, schools, training agencies and community groups.
· care for, protect, and support vulnerable or dependent clients, individually or in groups, in conjunction with the wider multidisciplinary team and other relevant agencies. S/he will ensure the welfare of those under his / her care and will act as an advocate as appropriate.
· contribute to the planning and evaluation of individualised and group programmes of care, which are based on needs, identified in consultation with the client and others and delivered through day-to-day shared life experiences.
· work as part of a team to provide a safe, caring environment for resident clients/ children / young people with the primary aim of providing the intervention necessary to address the issues that are preventing them from fulfilling their outcomes.
· treat clients/ children/ young people and their families with dignity and respect, promoting a culture of unconditional positive regard at all times.
· recognise clients/ children / young people as expert through experience, promoting their participation in care planning, placement planning, decision-making and service delivery.
· contribute to the promotion of good links with neighbours, local community resources, i.e. schools, employment schemes and clubs, local Gardai and any other appropriate service.
· engage in reflective and evidence based practice
. That guideline to use to answer this question 1 to 3
1. Creative practice, reflective practice and team skills
It is important that the Social Care Worker can work independently as well as part of a wider healthcare team, building and maintaining relationships and understanding and valuing individuals and their respective professional roles. S/he should be able to identify the limits of their practice and know when to seek advice and additional expertise or refer to another professional. S/he should be able to give and receive feedback and to input their learning into their practice.
In the space below, please give an example of a situation where you were responsible for an individual piece of work with a service user/group of service users and which demonstrates your ability in the above areas
2
.
Flexibility, resilience and ability to deal with challenges.
An effective Social Care Worker demonstrates a commitment to providing a quality service. S/he is innovative and open to change in striving to ensure high standards in service delivery. Challenges can arise in many ways in the course of Social Care practice and an ability to manage adversity when it arises is an important professional skill.
In the space below, please give an.
You have been hired as a project management consultant by compan.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired as a project management consultant by company XYZ to review the status of a CRM (Customer Relationship Management) implementation by their internal project manager. Project Manager has spent allot of time with stakeholders on request for additional features being added to the project, resulting in 7 CRs (total potential project impact of $400,000). You are to review and assess the available current data on the project and provide specific recommendations and prioritized next steps to the executive committee.
Start Date: March 2021
Planned Finish Date: September 2021
Current Phase: Implementation
Overall Percent Complete: 40%
Overall Approved budget: $1,000,000
Actual Cost to date: $650,000
Number of Change Requests submitted by stakeholders: 7
CPI = 0.45
SPI = 0.65
EV = $400,000
.
You have been hired to manage a particular aspect of the new ad.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired to manage a particular aspect of the new adult addictions center. It is your job to write a proposal to bring to the next board meeting so that funds can be allocated to initiate your plans. This is the brainstorming stage of the planning. Your proposal will need to be scrutinized by the board before it approves it. It is important to be as specific and detailed as possible to justify the needs of your department before going forward. It is also important to be realistic, but at the same time expand your ideas, goals, and aspirations into doable actions because this board wants you to think outside of the box.
MY ASSIGNED ROLE IS COMMUNITY RESOURCES
Community referrals and other needs (e.g., working with the justice system, local businesses, and nonprofit organizations)
Write a 900–1,200 word paper that addresses the following:
What is the department’s role within the organization, and what are its responsibilities?
What are the client needs or services that are addressed by this department?
What individuals and resources are needed to provide those services?
**** Paper must include ****
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References for all of the sections, in APA style
.
You have been hired by Red Didgeridoo Technologies. They know th.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired by Red Didgeridoo Technologies. They know that they need to have network storage technologies, but their IT is a little lost. They want to have a scalable infrastructure to be able to expand and shrink the servers in their infrastructure when needed. In order to do this, they have purchased a license for VMware vSphere 6 Enterprise Plus.
NOTE:There must be at least 1 to 2 paragraphs per question.
1. Find and describe 2 distinct uses for a File Sharing Server which uses the sharing protocol named NFS (at least one of these must be a use specifically involving VMware vSphere 6 Enterprise Plus). List the advantages of using these implementations instead of using SMB or CIFS.
2. Find and describe 2 distinct uses (at least one of these must be a use which specifically involve VMware vSphere 6 Enterprise Plus) for iSCSI technology.
.
You have been hired by TMI to design an application using shell scri.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired by TMI to design an application using shell script programs. TMI
Case
Projects
needs you to design and create a new directory structure.
The company has several departments: accounting, sales, manufacturing, information tech-
nology, and headquarters. The accounting department has accounts receivable, accounts
payable, and payroll functions within it. The manufacturing department runs three shifts
and a weekend shift.The information technology department has five projects in progress.
The sales department has offices located in the West, East, North, and South.
First, design the Linux file system hierarchy on paper. Keep in mind that the depart-
ments, functions, shifts, regions, and projects need to translate into directories. Next, you
need to create this hierarchy on the Linux system. Create at least one empty file in each
directory. Use the department, function, shift, region, or project name as the filename
and include an extension of .dat.
.
You have been hired to evaluate the volcanic hazards associated .docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired to evaluate the volcanic hazards of a dormant volcano showing signs of activity. To assess potential future eruptions, you would seek information about prehistoric eruptions by examining the volcano's field to understand eruption styles and magnitudes from similar past events to better predict future volcanic activity and hazards.
You have been hired as an assistant to the public health officer for.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired as an assistant to the public health officer for the state. The budget deficit has impacted your state, and with elections high on the list of worries, legislators are concerned about their public image and are contemplating reducing the public health budget for the state. You are being asked to prepare a presentation to persuade legislators not to cut public health spending.
Select a public health program/service that will be impacted by a recently proposed state budget cut.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation to persuade legislators not to cut public health funding. Present the cost/benefit of the public health program/service, the expected impact of the proposed cut, and conclude with an alternative proposal.
The presentation should have a minimum of 15 slides (not including the reference slides).
Notes should be present with each slide describing the information on the slide.
Provide supporting information.
Use charts, graphs, and other visuals.
Please make sure to present some state and local data of the community that will be impacted by the cuts.
REQUIREMENTS:
- Length: Assignment should be at least 15 slides, not counting reference slides.
- Cite your sources and include reference slides.
.
You have been engaged to develop a special calculator program. T.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been engaged to develop a special calculator program. The requirements for this program are very specific, and are as follows:
Create a Windows Forms application in Visual Studio using C#. The interface should look similar to the following:
Create the following controls, as shown above:
Labels for “Enter Information,” “Name,” “Input 1,” and “Input 2”
3 textboxes, as shown in the picture above
Buttons for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
Buttons for calculating sine, cosine, and tangent (based on the first input textbox only)
A button that calculates modulus
A button that clears the textboxes
Write a method for each of these calculations that will accept the incoming numbers from the two input fields and return the calculated value.
This value should be displayed in a MessageBox window, which should also display the user’s name from the first textbox.
Please submit your zipped Visual Studio project.
.
You have now delivered the project to your customer ahead of schedul.docxbriancrawford30935
You have now delivered the project to your customer ahead of schedule, but slightly over budget. Now, it is time to reflect on what went well and what didn’t go so well. Based on feedback throughout the course, what would you have done differently in terms of scope, resources, and / or schedule, and why?
.
You have now delivered the project to your customer. The project was.docxbriancrawford30935
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.
You have now experienced the work of various scholars, artists and m.docxbriancrawford30935
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Now, it is your turn. Write a poem, song, spoken word, lecture, or rap that captures the struggle, action or hope that exists in a social issue of black lives matter. Be creative; this is your opportunity to express your reflections and ideas in a personal and compelling way.
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You have learned that Mr. Moore does not drink alcohol in the mornin.docxbriancrawford30935
You have learned that Mr. Moore does not drink alcohol in the mornings. He does not binge drink, and he does not drink on Sundays. He does, however, drink the other 6 days of the week. Mrs. Moore explains his pattern of drinking Monday through Friday with his partners as stated in the scenario above, but he does not drink at home on those days. She also informs you that he does drink on Saturdays at home, often starting in the afternoon and passing out by dinnertime. He has a history of being loud, frightening, and angry when under the influence of alcohol. You also learn that Mr. Moore’s father was a winemaker from Italy.
Your supervisor, Officer Steve, suggests that you apply your knowledge of issues surrounding alcohol abuse and alcohol addiction to this case and write a memo to him. The memo should include the proper headings: "To," "From," "Date," and "Re:." The docket number and probation case file number should be included in the "Re:" section. You are beginning to determine whether Mr. Moore has an issue with alcohol that needs to be further addressed.
In the memo, do the following:
Submit the assignment in the format of a memo.
Include the proper headings: "To," "From," "Date," and "Re:." The docket number and probation case file number need to be included in the "Re:" section.
Apply the facts of Mr. Moore's case to the definitions of alcohol abuse and alcohol addiction.
Apply these facts to the differences between alcohol use and abuse.
Apply these facts to the DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse.
Apply these facts to the disease model of alcohol abuse.
Apply these facts to the role genetics and heredity may play in the transmission of alcohol abuse from one generation to another
.
.
You have been hired by a large hospitality firm (e.g., Marriot.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been asked to speak to the HR staff of a large hospitality firm about managing the project to relocate the company's headquarters office. To ease their fears of project failure, given past experiences, you will explain key elements of project management to them by comparing it to human resources management, which the staff understands well. Your explanation will address how using project management practices can help ensure the project is delivered successfully.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
1. Proposal Draft
Summary
Detecting real-time traffic congestion is the most crucial step in
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Numerous congestion
detection technologies, such as inductive loop detectors, traffic
radar sensors, and video surveillance cameras, have been
proposed and demonstrated acceptable performances. However,
due to the inflexibility and high maintenance cost required for
deploying and operating inductive loop detectors and traffic
radar sensors, video-based traffic sensing technique has been
gaining its popularity in detecting traffic congestion.
Congestion detection function embedded in the video-based
system relies on video analytics (VA). VA is a video image
processing technique which captures the changes of individual
image pixels. Since the quality of video image is affected by
environmental factors such as weather (e.g., snow, rain), and
light condition (e.g., sun glare, car headlight during the night
time), VA often produces undesirable accuracy for the
congestion detection, thereby resulting in numerous false alarms
for the operators in the traffic management centers (TMCs).
Therefore, in practice, the TMC operators often turn off the
congestion detection function and conduct manual detection by
watching video footages all the time, which is inefficient and
time consuming particularly for the large number of video
cameras.
Introduction
The significance of my research lies in improving the state-of-
the-practice of real-time traffic congestion detection without
any extra cost to build infrastructure. The research will develop
and evaluate an innovative VA-free real-time traffic congestion
detection method. Powered by Artificial Intelligence integrated
with Machine Learning techniques, the proposed method will
2. conduct human-like traffic congestion detection in an automatic
and robust manner by bypassing the implementation of video
image processing. The proposed method will enable to cover the
large number of video footages in real-time. Thus, it will
dramatically reduce the time and effort for the TMC operators
to detect traffic congestion and improve the accuracy of the
detected congestion.
Project Description
Thanks to the accelerated development of computing power and
machine learning algorithm, training a large data set in a
comparatively short amount of time was made possible.In this
research we pursue an autonomous traffic congestion detection
method, more specifically, detection of the sudden speed drop.
We approach this problem by using machine learning
techniques, looking for the patterns of traffic congestion
information from historical unlabeled video footage data, then
reshape them and feed them into a constructed neuro-network.
The model used will be learned offline by using Google
TensorFlow™. The research difficulties arise when attempting
to do this in real-time under changing illumination and weather
conditions as well as heavy traffic congestions. We will propose
a novel approach to use a semi-supervised clustering technique.
In detail, our plan could be separated into multiple tasks as
follows:
· Task 1: Construct a TensorFlow-based machine learning model
by using historical traffic congestion information
· Task 2: Conduct machine training process and validate
training results with testing data
· Task 3: Perform Proof-of-Concept (POC) tests to evaluate the
performance of the proposed congestion detection method.
Plan of Work
I will develop a software package to conduct the real-time
congestion detection as one of the final deliverables. The
3. software package will include 1) the program source code of the
congestion detection algorithm, 2) trained neuro-networks, and
3) a graphical user interface (GUI)-based computer software to
provide potential users (e.g., TMC operators) with intuitive
operation of the proposed method. In addition, a final report
summarizing the POC test results will be added to the final
deliverables. With the final product from our research, it is
expected that TMC operators adopt our product to improve the
efficiency and accuracy of real-time traffic congestion
detection.
Intended Impact
Government’s agencies (e.g., state and city department of
transportation) responsible for operating TMCs would be
primary stakeholders for the products of THE research. In
addition, transportation data providers in private sectors who
feed real-time traffic data to TMCs, such as INRIX, HERE,
TRANSCOM, will be potential customers of our research
products. Once adopted in the market, our research product will
affect the improvement of the efficiency and accuracy of real-
time traffic congestion detection.
Conclusion
In this research, I attempt to address the problem of real-time
traffic congestion detection. By using a direct perception
approach, mapping a single image directing to a congestion
indicator, I design a system which can detect congestion
independent of location, time and weather. I demonstrate that
the use of FFT and WT with a convolutional neural network can
produce high accuracy across multiple conditions in new
locations. These results are promising but still exploratory.
Future research steps in this area include 8 the creation of a
larger dataset and training for larger networks. This set should
include tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of images
from 50 or more locations. This would allow for more thorough
4. testing. Additionally, a convolution neural network with more
layers may improve results. This model would require more data
and computational power then was available for this research.
Considering the success of such models in other domains and
the promising results in this study, the performance of a larger
convolution neural network would be interesting to investigate.
Budget
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Laboratory in the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering will
provide the research team with primary resources. Thus, the
overall budget should not exceed $20,000.
Professor’s comments:
Very good start.
The most important part of a proposal is the summary which
needs some work. Most of what you have should be in an
introduction and some of what is in our introduction shold be in
the summary. Please check in the text for what should be in a
summary (a brief discussion of what you are going to do, not
why or the need for it.)
Put in a more detailed budget as if it were the real thing. Make
up some costs for equipment or what ever you might need. Pay
yourself and an aide to keep track of data. Add a timeline
section in which you list what you will do each week or month
of the summer.
Be sure to give credit to any sites you took information from.
Add a cover page and a table of contents for the final proposal.
The Death of the Author
5. 1
The Death
of the Author
-
Roland Barthes
Source: UbuWeb | UbuWeb Papers
the death of the author / roland barthes
The Death of the Author
2
The Death of the Author
In his story Sarrasine, Balzac, speaking of a castrato disguised
as a woman, writes this
sentence: “It was Woman, with her sudden fears, her irrational
whims, her instinctive
fears, her unprovoked bravado, her daring and her delicious
delicacy of feeling” Who
is speaking in this way? Is it the story’s hero, concerned to
ignore the castrato con-
cealed beneath the woman? Is it the man Balzac, endowed by
his personal experience
with a philosophy of Woman? Is it the author Balzac, professing
certain “literary”
ideas of femininity? Is it universal wisdom? or romantic
psychology? It will always
be impossible to know, for the good reason that all writing is
6. itself this special voice,
consisting of several indiscernible voices, and that literature is
precisely the invention
of this voice, to which we cannot assign a specific origin:
literature is that neuter, that
composite, that oblique into which every subject escapes, the
trap where all identity is
lost, beginning with the very identity of the body that writes.
—
Probably this has always been the case: once an action is
recounted, for intransitive
ends, and no longer in order to act directly upon reality — that
is, finally external to
any function but the very exercise of the symbol — this
disjunction occurs, the voice
loses its origin, the author enters his own death, writing begins.
Nevertheless, the
feeling about this phenomenon has been variable; in primitive
societies, narrative is
never undertaken by a person, but by a mediator, shaman or
speaker, whose “perfor-
mance” may be admired (that is, his mastery of the narrative
code), but not his “ge-
nius” The author is a modern figure, produced no doubt by our
society insofar as, at
the end of the middle ages, with English empiricism, French
rationalism and the per-
sonal faith of the Reformation, it discovered the prestige of the
individual, or, to put it
more nobly, of the “human person” Hence it is logical that with
regard to literature it
should be positivism, resume and the result of capitalist
ideology, which has accorded
the greatest importance to the author’s “person” The author still
7. rules in manuals of
literary history, in biographies of writers, in magazine
interviews, and even in the
awareness of literary men, anxious to unite, by their private
journals, their person and
their work; the image of literature to be found in contemporary
culture is tyrannically
centered on the author, his person, his history, his tastes, his
passions; criticism still
consists, most of the time, in saying that Baudelaire’s work is
the failure of the man
Baudelaire, Van Gogh’s work his madness, Tchaikovsky’s his
vice: the explanation of
the work is always sought in the man who has produced it, as if,
through the more or
less transparent allegory of fiction, it was always finally the
voice of one and the same
person, the author, which delivered his “confidence.”
—
The Death of the Author
3
Though the Author’s empire is still very powerful (recent
criticism has often merely
consolidated it), it is evident that for a long time now certain
writers have attempted to
topple it. In France, Mallarme was doubtless the first to see and
foresee in its full extent
the necessity of substituting language itself for the man who
hitherto was supposed to
own it; for Mallarme, as for us, it is language which speaks, not
8. the author: to write is to
reach, through a preexisting impersonality — never to be
confused with the castrating
objectivity of the realistic novelist — that point where language
alone acts, “performs,”
and not “oneself”: Mallarme’s entire poetics consists in
suppressing the author for the
sake of the writing (which is, as we shall see, to restore the
status of the reader.) Valery,
encumbered with a psychology of the Self, greatly edulcorated
Mallarme’s theory, but,
turning in a preference for classicism to the lessons of rhetoric,
he unceasingly questio-
ned and mocked the Author, emphasized the linguistic and
almost “chance” nature of
his activity, and throughout his prose works championed the
essentially verbal condition
of literature, in the face of which any recourse to the writer’s
inferiority seemed to him
pure superstition. It is clear that Proust himself, despite the
apparent psychological cha-
racter of what is called his analyses, undertook the
responsibility of inexorably blurring,
by an extreme subtilization, the relation of the writer and his
characters: by making the
narrator not the person who has seen or felt, nor even the person
who writes, but the
person who will write (the young man of the novel — but, in
fact, how old is he, and
who is he? — wants to write but cannot, and the novel ends
when at last the writing
becomes possible), Proust has given modern writing its epic: by
a radical reversal, ins-
tead of putting his life into his novel, as we say so often, he
makes his very life into a
work for which his own book was in a sense the model, so that
9. it is quite obvious to us
that it is not Charlus who imitates Montesquiou, but that
Montesquiou in his anecdo-
tal, historical reality is merely a secondary fragment, derived
from Charlus. Surrealism
lastly — to remain on the level of this prehistory of modernity
— surrealism doubtless
could not accord language a sovereign place, since language is a
system and since what
the movement sought was, romantically, a direct subversion of
all codes — an illusory
subversion, moreover, for a code cannot be destroyed, it can
only be “played with”;
but by abruptly violating expected meanings (this was the
famous surrealist “jolt”),
by entrusting to the hand the responsibility of writing as fast as
possible what the head
itself ignores (this was automatic writing), by accepting the
principle and the experience
of a collective writing, surrealism helped secularize the image
of the Author. Finally,
outside of literature itself (actually, these distinctions are being
superseded), linguistics
has just furnished the destruction of the Author with a precious
analytic instrument by
showing that utterance in its entirety is a void process, which
functions perfectly without
requiring to be filled by the person of the interlocutors:
linguistically, the author is never
anything more than the man who writes, just as I is no more
than the man who says I:
language knows a “subject,” not a “person,” end this subject,
void outside of the very
utterance which defines it, suffices to make language “work,”
that is, to exhaust it.
10. The Death of the Author
4
The Death of the Author
—
The absence of the Author (with Brecht, we might speak here of
a real “alienation:’
the Author diminishing like a tiny figure at the far end of the
literary stage) is not only
a historical fact or an act of writing: it utterly transforms the
modern text (or — what
is the same thing — the text is henceforth written and read so
that in it, on every le-
vel, the Author absents himself). Time, first of all, is no longer
the same. The Author,
when we believe in him, is always conceived as the past of his
own book: the book
and the author take their places of their own accord on the same
line, cast as a before
and an after: the Author is supposed to feed the book — that is,
he pre-exists it, thinks,
suffers, lives for it; he maintains with his work the same
relation of antecedence a
father maintains with his child. Quite the contrary, the modern
writer (scriptor) is born
simultaneously with his text; he is in no way supplied with a
being which precedes or
transcends his writing, he is in no way the subject of which his
book is the predicate;
there is no other time than that of the utterance, and every text
is eternally written here
and now. This is because (or: it follows that) to write can no
11. longer designate an ope-
ration of recording, of observing, of representing, of “painting”
(as the Classic writers
put it), but rather what the linguisticians, following the
vocabulary of the Oxford
school, call a performative, a rare verbal form (exclusively
given to the first person
and to the present), in which utterance has no other content than
the act by which it is
uttered: something like the / Command of kings or the I Sing of
the early bards; the
modern writer, having buried the Author, can therefore no
longer believe, according
to the “pathos” of his predecessors, that his hand is too slow for
his thought or his pas-
sion, and that in consequence, making a law out of necessity, he
must accentuate this
gap and endlessly “elaborate” his form; for him, on the
contrary, his hand, detached
from any voice, borne by a pure gesture of inscription (and not
of expression), traces a
field without origin — or which, at least, has no other origin
than language itself, that
is, the very thing which ceaselessly questions any origin.
—
We know that a text does not consist of a line of words,
releasing a single “theologi-
cal” meaning (the “message” of the Author-God), but is a space
of many dimensions,
in which are wedded and contested various kinds of writing, no
one of which is ori-
ginal: the text is a tissue of citations, resulting from the
thousand sources of culture.
Like Bouvard and Pecuchet, those eternal copyists, both sublime
12. and comical and
whose profound absurdity precisely designates the truth of
writing, the writer can
only imitate a gesture forever anterior, never original; his only
power is to combine
the different kinds of writing, to oppose some by others, so as
never to sustain himself
by just one of them; if he wants to express himself, at least he
should know that the
The Death of the Author
5
internal “thing” he claims to “translate” is itself only a
readymade dictionary whose
words can be explained (defined) only by other words, and so
on ad infinitum: an ex-
perience which occurred in an exemplary fashion to the young
De Quincey, so gifted
in Greek that in order to translate into that dead language
certain absolutely modern
ideas and images, Baudelaire tells us, “he created for it a
standing dictionary much
more complex and extensive than the one which results from the
vulgar patience of
purely literary themes” (Paradis Artificiels). succeeding the
Author, the writer no lon-
ger contains within himself passions, humors, sentiments,
impressions, but that enor-
mous dictionary, from which he derives a writing which can
know no end or halt: life
can only imitate the book, and the book itself is only a tissue of
signs, a lost, infinitely
13. remote imitation.
—
Once the Author is gone, the claim to “decipher” a text becomes
quite useless. To give
an Author to a text is to impose upon that text a stop clause, to
furnish it with a final
signification, to close the writing. This conception perfectly
suits criticism, which
can then take as its major task the discovery of the Author (or
his hypostases: society,
history, the psyche, freedom) beneath the work: once the Author
is discovered, the
text is “explained:’ the critic has conquered; hence it is scarcely
surprising not only
that, historically, the reign of the Author should also have been
that of the Critic, but
that criticism (even “new criticism”) should be overthrown
along with the Author. In
a multiple writing, indeed, everything is to be distinguished, but
nothing deciphered;
structure can be followed, “threaded” (like a stocking that has
run) in all its recurren-
ces and all its stages, but there is no underlying ground; the
space of the writing is to
be traversed, not penetrated: writing ceaselessly posits meaning
but always in order
to evaporate it: it proceeds to a systematic exemption of
meaning. Thus literature (it
would be better, henceforth, to say writing), by refusing to
assign to the text (and to
the world as text) a “secret:’ that is, an ultimate meaning,
liberates an activity which
we might call counter-theological, properly revolutionary, for to
refuse to arrest mea-
14. ning is finally to refuse God and his hypostases, reason,
science, the law.
—
Let us return to Balzac’s sentence: no one (that is, no “person”)
utters it: its source,
its voice is not to be located; and yet it is perfectly read; this is
because the true locus
of writing is reading. Another very specific example can make
this understood: recent
investigations (J. P. Vernant) have shed light upon the
constitutively ambiguous nature
of Greek tragedy, the text of which is woven with words that
have double meanings,
each character understanding them unilaterally (this perpetual
misunderstanding is
The Death of the Author
6
The Death of the Author
precisely what is meant by “the tragic”); yet there is someone
who understands each
word in its duplicity, and understands further, one might say,
the very deafness of
the characters speaking in front of him: this someone is
precisely the reader (or here
the spectator). In this way is revealed the whole being of
writing: a text consists of
multiple writings, issuing from several cultures and entering
into dialogue with each
other, into parody, into contestation; but there is one place
15. where this multiplicity is
collected, united, and this place is not the author, as we have
hitherto said it was, but
the reader: the reader is the very space in which are inscribed,
without any being lost,
all the citations a writing consists of; the unity of a text is not
in its origin, it is in its
destination; but this destination can no longer be personal: the
reader is a man without
history, without biography, without psychology; he is only that
someone who holds
gathered into a single field all the paths of which the text is
constituted. This is why it
is absurd to hear the new writing condemned in the name of a
humanism which hypo-
critically appoints itself the champion of the reader’s rights.
The reader has never been
the concern of classical criticism; for it, there is no other man
in literature but the one
who writes. We are now beginning to be the dupes no longer of
such antiphrases, by
which our society proudly champions precisely what it
dismisses, ignores, smothers
or destroys; we know that to restore to writing its future, we
must reverse its myth: the
birth of the reader must be ransomed by the death of the Author.
— translated by Richard Howard
Proposal Draft
Summary
I considered starting a production line for new cell phones. But
the problem in introducing new cell phone is the current market
for cell phones. There are too many companies already making
16. different types of cell phone with maximum possible features.
We already know the top sellers are Apple, Samsung, Sony, etc.
Apart from these top brands there are too many other brands
available in the market which is cheap and efficient. In short the
competition is too much and coming up with a new cell phone
and establishing its place in the market is going to be very
difficult. So we decided not to enter the phone market.
About 67% of the electricity generated in US is from fossil fuel
(coal, natural gas, and petroleum), with 39% attributed from
coal. Energy generated from solar energy is 0.23%. Luckily US
is not facing any electricity cut-offs compared to developing
countries. In all the developing countries almost all the
companies as well as people on personal level use inverters for
back-up when there is a power cut. Inverters are used in United
States as well.
Introduction
We are going to start a production line of inverters working on
solar energy. These inverters are attached to small solar panels
which can produce energy up to 200-300 volts (minimum)
depending upon their size. This is stored in the inverter and can
be used during power cut-offs. All the computers and electric
appliances are connected to normal power supply and these
inverters are used as back-up. Our plan is to start producing this
inverter and export them to developing countries. These can be
sold in US as well. There are a few other companies already
producing solar powered inverters. But the competition is
comparatively less.
During peak summer days these inverters can be used to supply
the entire electricity. This will save a lot of cost on the monthly
electricity bills. And since electricity is a big problem in
developing this product can prove to be a success on a global
level.
We will be collaborating with Schneider on a big scale during
17. this project. Since Honda can supply with all kinds of motors
and frequency inverters we can use their supplies a lot. Apart
from these 4 companies we will be collaborating with another
company named Suntech which is a leading company in making
photovoltaic cells. We will be buying the cells required for our
solar panels from them.
Project Description
All the factors that affect the company’s growth are chosen in
the CORA spreadsheet. A detail analysis was done to consider
these factors. It also has solutions to the customer’s
requirements. It gives an idea on how to make a successful
strategic plan. It is important to consider all these factors since
our company is new.
The priorities of each of the functional activities are ranked
with Absolute Importance Rating (AIR) to give priority
according to user requirements. Correlation values of 1 (Low),
3 (Medium) and 9 (High) are used by the team to prioritize the
requirements. This function should be done in a team to allow
better understanding and correct level of customer satisfaction
required. All requirements will be ranked depending on their
importance from 1 to 5 (5 - the most important).
Critical Requirements :- (With Importance Rating)
· Delivery of Products. (5)
· Minimize waste by implementing green processes. (4)
· Customer Service. (5)
· High quality that meets current market demands. (5)
· Latest and innovative technology. (5)
· Customization of products. (4)
· Structural reliability. (3)
· Ergonomics.(3)
· Low cost of manufacturing. (4)
· Use of green energy sources. (5)
· Raw material availability. (3)
· Reduce carbon print and dependency on natural oil. (5)
18. Main
Solution
Process:-
· CAD/CAM/CIM
· Efficient design
· Statistical process control
· Flexible manufacturing
· TQM and Quality control
· Cost management
· R&D
· Quality and safety standards
· Supply of services from collaborating companies
· Implement distribution logistics
· Optimum utilization
· Sustainable green focus
Plan of Work
Sustainable green focus should always be the top priority in
savan. We already have better rating in green focus than our
competitors. We are going to obtain maximum sustainability by
implementing CE methods. This can be achieved by using
maximum green resources. We are going to avoid printing as
much as possible to save paper.
19. The engineering solution with correlation “9” indicates that it is
the most important and essential solution for the corresponding
customer requirement. Engineering solutions which have a high
correlation to the customer requirements are essential for
the company in order to satisfy the customers and gain their
goodwill. So it is very important to focus on such engineering
solutions with high AIR value.
Process-related Failure Risk Analysis Method (PFRA) is used to
identify and minimize potential risks or failures of processes in
general. We generally never know which products can fail in
any process. PFRA makes a detail analysis of various product
failures which helps us to find solutions beforehand.
PFRA system developed for solar inverters will analyze 12
following processes:
1. Inspection of raw materials received
2. Inspection of circuits
3. Dimensions of all parts
4. Inspection of pipes and rods
5. Inspection of drilled holes
6. Inspection of Shafts
7. Solar panels
20. 8. Inspection of Wiring
9. Inspection for Photovoltaic Cells
10. Inspection for rusting
11. Product packaging
12. Shipping / Storage
Intended Impact
Implementation of PLM / Digital Design and Manufacture leads
to shorter lead time of products. It engages the resources early
during the design phase to ensure errors are reduced. In addition
it allows for iterative product changes and less rework and
newer but similar products need to be developed. This is
something Toyota has mastered and has shown for it to be
profitable and results in high quality products. Therefore
although the current method works there is always a need to do
it better because eventually companies will find it hard to meet
the customer’s need. When the reduction of waste and faster
lead times are realized the ROI is favorable therefore the time
and money invested is well worth it. Lastly, with the proper
implementation plan and software choice existing files and
projects can be transitioned over or may not need to be brought
over depending on the company strategy.
Conclusion
Application of tools such as CIMpgr diagrams, CORA charts,
Control Charts, and PFRA charts have been employed in the
21. company's production processes. These techniques help reduce
defects and "MANUFACTURE RIGHT AT THE FIRST
ATTEMPT". Through Process modeling everyone in the
company understands the processes that are followed during the
manufacture of the product. The CORA method, helped improve
the design of the service process by understanding and meeting
the requirements of the customer. Lastly, the PFRA method was
used to identify potential risk failures and process failures that
could affect the product once it is released to end-users. By the
implementation of all these techniques and technologies, the
organization will continue to strive for new industrial standards
and produce high quality products for total customer
satisfaction.
Budget
Initial Investment = $20,000
The assembly line will be completed in 2 months. The
production of the first batch will take at least 6 months. Then
the marketing will start and sufficient number of inverters will
be sold by the end of the year. It won’t generate any profit
during the first year as the initial investment is high. But it will
recover all the initial investment in the first year along with its
running cost.
Profits in first year - $0
Profits in second year - $ 100,000
22. Profits in third year - $150,000
The profit will go on increasing as the demand increases. This
will happen over a period of time as the products get established
in the market with good value. In order to achieve this we will
be producing top quality products meeting our customer
requirements.
Professor’s Comments:
Very good start.
The most important part of a proposal is the summary which
needs some work. What you have should be in an introduction.
The summary cannot be about what you were thinking about
doing and decided not to. Please check in the text for what
should be in a summary (a brief discussion of what you are
going to do, not why or the need for it.)
Put in a more detailed budget as if it were the real thing. Make
up some costs for equipment or what ever you might need. Pay
yourself and an aide to keep track of data. Add a timeline in
which you list what you will do each week or month of the
summer.
Be sure to give credit to any sites you took information from.
Add some graphics, a cover page and a table of contents for the
final proposal.