The document provides a summary of activities in 2012 and plans for 2013 regarding the collection, conservation and use of crop wild relatives (CWR). It discusses (1) closing the global system project, ramping up the CWR project, and initiating CRP Genebanks in 2012; (2) progress made in 2012 including regeneration of accessions, safety duplication, evaluation projects and results; and (3) plans for 2013 including CWR research, collecting, prebreeding and evaluation, and increasing information sharing and use of CWR. The overall aim is to collect, conserve and utilize important CWR diversity to help crops adapt to climate change.
Mini core collection – a means to enhance utilization of germplasmICRISAT
1) ICRISAT developed mini core collections containing 1% of accessions from entire germplasm collections for crops like sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea etc. to enhance utilization of plant genetic resources in crop improvement.
2) Evaluation of mini core collections identified new sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and accessions with specific agronomic and nutritional traits.
3) Over 280 sets of mini core collections were provided to research institutions in 36 countries who utilized them to identify trait-specific germplasm for breeding programs.
Introduction to prebreeding component of CWR project CWR Project
This document summarizes a global initiative to collect, conserve, and utilize crop wild relatives to help adapt agriculture to climate change. It discusses the Global Crop Diversity Trust, which funds conservation of crop diversity collections. It also mentions the Svalbard Global Seed Vault and a 10-year project to collect wild relatives of 26 target crops in developing countries. The document outlines strategies for pre-breeding collected wild relatives with cultivated crops to transfer useful traits, especially drought and heat tolerance, and notes challenges like wildness of traits. It also summarizes an expert survey on priority species and traits for pre-breeding in the context of climate change.
1) The document discusses the importance of plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop improvement and ensuring global food security. It highlights how PGR were crucial for the Green Revolution and remain important for addressing future challenges like climate change.
2) It provides an overview of the current status of biodiversity and challenges threatening it like population growth, pollution, and climate change. It also summarizes Pakistan's PGR conservation efforts and how they contribute to food security.
3) The document advocates for an integrated approach utilizing PGR, including crop wild relatives in genebanks, to develop climate-resilient varieties through techniques like molecular mapping and genetic engineering. International cooperation on PGR is also emphasized.
Poster describing a global occurrence database of over 5 million records of the distributions of crops and their wild relatives, including taxonomic and geographic information.
The document summarizes objectives and activities from Tropical Legumes I and II projects. The projects aimed to improve productivity of tropical legumes through developing genomic resources, identifying molecular markers and genes for biotic and drought stress resistance. Key outputs included genomic resources, genetic stocks with traits introgressed, molecular markers, improved germplasm, trained scientists, and data management strategies. The projects collaborated with partners in Africa and South Asia to build breeding capacity and validate approaches in drought-prone environments.
Molecular breeding in legumes for resource-poor farmers: Chickpea for Ethiopi...ExternalEvents
Molecular breeding in legumes for resource-poor farmers: Chickpea for Ethiopia and India presentation by "Douglas Cook, University of California Davis, Davis,
United States of America"
This document discusses crop genetic resources and genomic resources. It provides background on plant genetic resources, genetic diversity, genetic erosion, and conservation efforts. It then shifts to discussing genomic resources, including sequenced crop plant genomes and genomic tools. Examples of comparative and translational genomics are also presented. The document concludes with a case study on promoter analysis of the PDI gene in wheat and related species.
Mini core collection – a means to enhance utilization of germplasmICRISAT
1) ICRISAT developed mini core collections containing 1% of accessions from entire germplasm collections for crops like sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea etc. to enhance utilization of plant genetic resources in crop improvement.
2) Evaluation of mini core collections identified new sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and accessions with specific agronomic and nutritional traits.
3) Over 280 sets of mini core collections were provided to research institutions in 36 countries who utilized them to identify trait-specific germplasm for breeding programs.
Introduction to prebreeding component of CWR project CWR Project
This document summarizes a global initiative to collect, conserve, and utilize crop wild relatives to help adapt agriculture to climate change. It discusses the Global Crop Diversity Trust, which funds conservation of crop diversity collections. It also mentions the Svalbard Global Seed Vault and a 10-year project to collect wild relatives of 26 target crops in developing countries. The document outlines strategies for pre-breeding collected wild relatives with cultivated crops to transfer useful traits, especially drought and heat tolerance, and notes challenges like wildness of traits. It also summarizes an expert survey on priority species and traits for pre-breeding in the context of climate change.
1) The document discusses the importance of plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop improvement and ensuring global food security. It highlights how PGR were crucial for the Green Revolution and remain important for addressing future challenges like climate change.
2) It provides an overview of the current status of biodiversity and challenges threatening it like population growth, pollution, and climate change. It also summarizes Pakistan's PGR conservation efforts and how they contribute to food security.
3) The document advocates for an integrated approach utilizing PGR, including crop wild relatives in genebanks, to develop climate-resilient varieties through techniques like molecular mapping and genetic engineering. International cooperation on PGR is also emphasized.
Poster describing a global occurrence database of over 5 million records of the distributions of crops and their wild relatives, including taxonomic and geographic information.
The document summarizes objectives and activities from Tropical Legumes I and II projects. The projects aimed to improve productivity of tropical legumes through developing genomic resources, identifying molecular markers and genes for biotic and drought stress resistance. Key outputs included genomic resources, genetic stocks with traits introgressed, molecular markers, improved germplasm, trained scientists, and data management strategies. The projects collaborated with partners in Africa and South Asia to build breeding capacity and validate approaches in drought-prone environments.
Molecular breeding in legumes for resource-poor farmers: Chickpea for Ethiopi...ExternalEvents
Molecular breeding in legumes for resource-poor farmers: Chickpea for Ethiopia and India presentation by "Douglas Cook, University of California Davis, Davis,
United States of America"
This document discusses crop genetic resources and genomic resources. It provides background on plant genetic resources, genetic diversity, genetic erosion, and conservation efforts. It then shifts to discussing genomic resources, including sequenced crop plant genomes and genomic tools. Examples of comparative and translational genomics are also presented. The document concludes with a case study on promoter analysis of the PDI gene in wheat and related species.
This project developed drought-adapted sorghum germplasm for Africa and Australia through breeding and introduced it to sorghum breeding programs in six African countries. Products generated include backcross-derived lines containing stay-green traits, RIL populations for mapping drought resistance QTLs, and hybrids containing stay-green traits. African scientists received training. It is anticipated the germplasm will be used to develop new varieties that will help smallholder farmers through appropriate delivery systems in each country. The germplasm will be maintained in breeding program seed stores and key lines in centralized seed banks.
This document summarizes progress in developing cassava varieties resistant to Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) and Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) in eastern Africa. It discusses the importance of cassava as a food crop in Tanzania and the challenges of low yields from pests, diseases, and poor farming practices. It describes the symptoms and impacts of CMD and CBSD, as well as breeding efforts to develop resistant varieties through interspecific hybridization and selection. Promising resistant varieties identified through field trials are discussed. The need for further research on resistance mechanisms and genetic improvement through hybridization is also noted.
This document discusses integrated breeding and its potential impact and challenges for crop productivity in African smallholder farmers' fields. It defines integrated breeding and describes various molecular tools that can assist in crop improvement, such as marker-based selection, marker-assisted selection, and marker-assisted backcrossing. It notes that smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa need improved crop varieties that address their needs in the shortest time possible with minimal cost. However, integrated breeding faces challenges including drought, soil fertility issues, diseases, food quality and safety concerns, lack of capacity and funding, personnel shortages, communications and connectivity problems, and policies.
This document summarizes a talk on genome evolution from the base pair level to the planetary level over billions of years. It discusses domestication of plants and animals, challenges in domesticating new species, and opportunities for improving crops through genetics, breeding, and introducing genes from wild relatives. It also addresses feeding a growing global population sustainably into the future.
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Genetics, plant breeding and agriculture - Tina Barsbyb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
The role of ex situ crop diversity conservation in adaptation to climate changeLuigi Guarino
Keynote delivered on behalf of Cary Fowler at international conference on Food Security and Climate Change in Dry Areas -- 1-4 February 2010 -- Amman, Jordan. Thanks to Colin Khoury for putting this together.
The document discusses several topics related to climate change and plant breeding:
1. It outlines natural and human causes of climate change such as changes in the sun's energy output and increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. It describes how plants may respond to climate change through extinction, range shifts, habitat fragmentation, genetic differentiation, migration, and phenotypic plasticity.
3. It discusses strategies for improving crop resilience through crop diversification, ideotype breeding, and mutation breeding. Crop diversification involves mixing varieties to reduce pest and disease impacts. Ideotype breeding develops optimized crop models. Mutation breeding enhances genetic variability.
Pigeonpea is an important crop for food security in India and other parts of the world as it is drought tolerant and a source of protein and nutrients. It has a genome size of 858 million base pairs. The first draft genome sequence of the popular pigeonpea variety Asha was completed in 2012 using 454 sequencing, assembling over 500 million base pairs across 11 chromosome pairs. A new reference genome was published in 2018 using Illumina sequencing, assembling over 605 million base pairs across 72.7% of the 833 million base pair genome. The new genome provides insights into drought tolerance genes and will help improve pigeonpea varieties.
Presentation on progress toward a national strategy for conservation of CWR in the US, given at the curators and PGOC meeting, Spokane Washington June 2012
2015. M. S. Swaminathan. Next Generation Genomics and the zero hunger challengeFOODCROPS
This document summarizes a conference on next generation genomics and integrated breeding for crop improvement. It discusses the history and impact of the green revolution, challenges of feeding a growing population, and opportunities provided by new genomic and phenomic technologies to accelerate crop breeding for traits like increased yield, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutritional quality. It highlights examples of successful crop varieties developed through marker-assisted breeding and genetic modification. The document emphasizes the need for integrated approaches that apply genomic data and high-throughput phenotyping within breeding programs to address food security and climate change challenges.
Agricultural biodiversity – the variability of crops and their wild relatives, trees, animals, arthropods, microbes and other species that contribute directly or indirectly, to food production – is fundamental for the long-term sustainability and resilience of agriculture.
Most research in recent decades has been concerned with increasing production through the increased use of external inputs and management of production, in ways that render agriculture more uniform. These approaches are increasingly recognized as having significant adverse consequences including land degradation, pollution and the loss of ecosystem services.
Alternative approaches are urgently needed to sustainably feed the growing population and adapt to global challenges such as climate change.
Bioversity International has been at the forefront of global scientific efforts to collect, conserve and use agricultural biodiversity for more than 35 years.
Read more about Bioversity International’s research-for-development portfolio and strategic priorities.
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research/
Role of agricultural biotechnologies in addressing food and nutrition security challenges in Africa: Perspectives from the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa
This document presents a draft inventory of crop wild relatives (CWR) found in the United States. It identifies over 2,600 native and naturalized plant species that are CWR, including 364 that could be useful for breeding 65 different crops. Many US CWR are threatened by climate change, habitat loss, and genetic erosion. The inventory provides information on conservation status, ex situ holdings, and value as CWR for fruits, nuts and other crops. It aims to improve conservation of this important plant genetic resource within US borders.
Speed breeding allows for rapid generation advancement by growing plants continuously under prolonged lighting to accelerate their life cycle. This reduces the time needed for plant breeding from 5-10 years to just 2 years. Speed breeding relies on intensive lighting regimes in greenhouses or growth chambers to create day-long photoperiods. A variety of crops like wheat, rice and tomato have been successfully bred using speed breeding. It provides benefits like faster variety development and more flexible breeding while reducing costs. Speed breeding can be integrated with other technologies like marker-assisted selection to further enhance genetic gains.
Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ...ICRISAT
Despite their many benefits, productivity of legumes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is generally lower than world averages due to:Biotic stresses (diseases, pests, weeds), Abiotic stresses (heat, frost, drought, and salinity) and Edaphic factors (associated with soil nutrient.
deficits). Reference sets developed for assorted legumes and traits of agronomic importance identified for further crop improvement.
Crop wild relatives are an important source of genetic diversity for food crops. They can provide traits for increasing crop yields, quality, and stress tolerance. However, many crop wild relatives face threats from climate change and habitat loss that put their long-term survival at risk. A gap analysis was conducted to assess ex situ conservation collections and distribution models of crop wild relatives to determine priority areas for further collecting efforts to capture their remaining genetic diversity. Over 400 taxa were analyzed to identify high, medium, and low priority species for focus on filling conservation gaps.
This document discusses crop wild relatives and the importance of their genetic resources. It notes that crop wild relatives can serve as a source of novel traits for crop improvement. They share a common ancestry with crops and their genes can be used in traditional breeding. However, many crop wild relatives face threats from climate change and land use changes. The document presents a methodology for analyzing gaps in crop wild relative collections. This involves determining priority taxa, sampling deficiencies, potential distributions, environmental coverage and gaps. The approach aims to prioritize geographic areas for further collecting of crop wild relatives.
This project developed drought-adapted sorghum germplasm for Africa and Australia through breeding and introduced it to sorghum breeding programs in six African countries. Products generated include backcross-derived lines containing stay-green traits, RIL populations for mapping drought resistance QTLs, and hybrids containing stay-green traits. African scientists received training. It is anticipated the germplasm will be used to develop new varieties that will help smallholder farmers through appropriate delivery systems in each country. The germplasm will be maintained in breeding program seed stores and key lines in centralized seed banks.
This document summarizes progress in developing cassava varieties resistant to Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) and Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) in eastern Africa. It discusses the importance of cassava as a food crop in Tanzania and the challenges of low yields from pests, diseases, and poor farming practices. It describes the symptoms and impacts of CMD and CBSD, as well as breeding efforts to develop resistant varieties through interspecific hybridization and selection. Promising resistant varieties identified through field trials are discussed. The need for further research on resistance mechanisms and genetic improvement through hybridization is also noted.
This document discusses integrated breeding and its potential impact and challenges for crop productivity in African smallholder farmers' fields. It defines integrated breeding and describes various molecular tools that can assist in crop improvement, such as marker-based selection, marker-assisted selection, and marker-assisted backcrossing. It notes that smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa need improved crop varieties that address their needs in the shortest time possible with minimal cost. However, integrated breeding faces challenges including drought, soil fertility issues, diseases, food quality and safety concerns, lack of capacity and funding, personnel shortages, communications and connectivity problems, and policies.
This document summarizes a talk on genome evolution from the base pair level to the planetary level over billions of years. It discusses domestication of plants and animals, challenges in domesticating new species, and opportunities for improving crops through genetics, breeding, and introducing genes from wild relatives. It also addresses feeding a growing global population sustainably into the future.
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Genetics, plant breeding and agriculture - Tina Barsbyb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
The role of ex situ crop diversity conservation in adaptation to climate changeLuigi Guarino
Keynote delivered on behalf of Cary Fowler at international conference on Food Security and Climate Change in Dry Areas -- 1-4 February 2010 -- Amman, Jordan. Thanks to Colin Khoury for putting this together.
The document discusses several topics related to climate change and plant breeding:
1. It outlines natural and human causes of climate change such as changes in the sun's energy output and increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. It describes how plants may respond to climate change through extinction, range shifts, habitat fragmentation, genetic differentiation, migration, and phenotypic plasticity.
3. It discusses strategies for improving crop resilience through crop diversification, ideotype breeding, and mutation breeding. Crop diversification involves mixing varieties to reduce pest and disease impacts. Ideotype breeding develops optimized crop models. Mutation breeding enhances genetic variability.
Pigeonpea is an important crop for food security in India and other parts of the world as it is drought tolerant and a source of protein and nutrients. It has a genome size of 858 million base pairs. The first draft genome sequence of the popular pigeonpea variety Asha was completed in 2012 using 454 sequencing, assembling over 500 million base pairs across 11 chromosome pairs. A new reference genome was published in 2018 using Illumina sequencing, assembling over 605 million base pairs across 72.7% of the 833 million base pair genome. The new genome provides insights into drought tolerance genes and will help improve pigeonpea varieties.
Presentation on progress toward a national strategy for conservation of CWR in the US, given at the curators and PGOC meeting, Spokane Washington June 2012
2015. M. S. Swaminathan. Next Generation Genomics and the zero hunger challengeFOODCROPS
This document summarizes a conference on next generation genomics and integrated breeding for crop improvement. It discusses the history and impact of the green revolution, challenges of feeding a growing population, and opportunities provided by new genomic and phenomic technologies to accelerate crop breeding for traits like increased yield, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutritional quality. It highlights examples of successful crop varieties developed through marker-assisted breeding and genetic modification. The document emphasizes the need for integrated approaches that apply genomic data and high-throughput phenotyping within breeding programs to address food security and climate change challenges.
Agricultural biodiversity – the variability of crops and their wild relatives, trees, animals, arthropods, microbes and other species that contribute directly or indirectly, to food production – is fundamental for the long-term sustainability and resilience of agriculture.
Most research in recent decades has been concerned with increasing production through the increased use of external inputs and management of production, in ways that render agriculture more uniform. These approaches are increasingly recognized as having significant adverse consequences including land degradation, pollution and the loss of ecosystem services.
Alternative approaches are urgently needed to sustainably feed the growing population and adapt to global challenges such as climate change.
Bioversity International has been at the forefront of global scientific efforts to collect, conserve and use agricultural biodiversity for more than 35 years.
Read more about Bioversity International’s research-for-development portfolio and strategic priorities.
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research/
Role of agricultural biotechnologies in addressing food and nutrition security challenges in Africa: Perspectives from the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa
This document presents a draft inventory of crop wild relatives (CWR) found in the United States. It identifies over 2,600 native and naturalized plant species that are CWR, including 364 that could be useful for breeding 65 different crops. Many US CWR are threatened by climate change, habitat loss, and genetic erosion. The inventory provides information on conservation status, ex situ holdings, and value as CWR for fruits, nuts and other crops. It aims to improve conservation of this important plant genetic resource within US borders.
Speed breeding allows for rapid generation advancement by growing plants continuously under prolonged lighting to accelerate their life cycle. This reduces the time needed for plant breeding from 5-10 years to just 2 years. Speed breeding relies on intensive lighting regimes in greenhouses or growth chambers to create day-long photoperiods. A variety of crops like wheat, rice and tomato have been successfully bred using speed breeding. It provides benefits like faster variety development and more flexible breeding while reducing costs. Speed breeding can be integrated with other technologies like marker-assisted selection to further enhance genetic gains.
Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ...ICRISAT
Despite their many benefits, productivity of legumes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is generally lower than world averages due to:Biotic stresses (diseases, pests, weeds), Abiotic stresses (heat, frost, drought, and salinity) and Edaphic factors (associated with soil nutrient.
deficits). Reference sets developed for assorted legumes and traits of agronomic importance identified for further crop improvement.
Crop wild relatives are an important source of genetic diversity for food crops. They can provide traits for increasing crop yields, quality, and stress tolerance. However, many crop wild relatives face threats from climate change and habitat loss that put their long-term survival at risk. A gap analysis was conducted to assess ex situ conservation collections and distribution models of crop wild relatives to determine priority areas for further collecting efforts to capture their remaining genetic diversity. Over 400 taxa were analyzed to identify high, medium, and low priority species for focus on filling conservation gaps.
This document discusses crop wild relatives and the importance of their genetic resources. It notes that crop wild relatives can serve as a source of novel traits for crop improvement. They share a common ancestry with crops and their genes can be used in traditional breeding. However, many crop wild relatives face threats from climate change and land use changes. The document presents a methodology for analyzing gaps in crop wild relative collections. This involves determining priority taxa, sampling deficiencies, potential distributions, environmental coverage and gaps. The approach aims to prioritize geographic areas for further collecting of crop wild relatives.
This document provides an introduction to species distribution modeling. It discusses why species distributions are modeled, the requirements for modeling including environmental variables and species occurrence records, appropriate software, and uses of distribution models. Validation of models is also addressed, such as evaluating whether the environmental variables used to generate a model are suitable. Examples of species distribution models are shown for different plants.
This document summarizes a regional research and training platform for innovative plant breeding in West Africa. The platform builds partnerships between research institutions across West Africa and internationally. It establishes shared laboratories and scientific programs focused on plant diversity, adaptation, and soil rehabilitation. The platform trains hundreds of PhD and MSc students. Biotechnologies developed include drought-tolerant and pest-resistant varieties of crops like sorghum, millet, peanut, and cowpea. Needs include converting biotech to benefit small farmers, considering vulnerable populations, improving seed systems, and developing capacity and infrastructure.
ICARDA is an international agricultural research center focused on improving agricultural productivity and food security in dry areas. It has four main crop improvement projects focused on wheat, barley, and food legumes. The projects develop stress-tolerant and nutritious crop varieties, integrated pest management, and capacity building activities to support national agricultural research systems in the region. ICARDA maintains a large genebank and provides breeding materials, training, and research support to partners worldwide.
ICARDA is an international agricultural research center focused on improving agricultural productivity and food security in dry areas. It has four main crop improvement projects focused on wheat, barley, and food legumes. The projects develop stress-tolerant and nutritious crop varieties, integrated pest management, and capacity building activities to support national agricultural research systems in the region. ICARDA maintains a large genebank and provides breeding materials, training, and research support to partners worldwide.
The document summarizes a presentation given by the Director General of ICARDA on the challenges facing dryland regions and ICARDA's work to address them. ICARDA focuses on improving livelihoods in drylands by increasing incomes, food access, and sustainable natural resource management. Their work includes developing drought-tolerant crops, raising small ruminant productivity through ultrasound and reproduction technologies, adopting water-saving irrigation techniques, and rehabilitating degraded rangelands through water harvesting and controlled grazing. The presentation concludes that addressing dryland challenges requires integrated solutions and that climate change will be a key driver, presenting opportunities for collaboration between ICARDA and Tottori University.
This document discusses using cover crops in organic farming. It notes that crop rotations historically revolved around legumes to fix nitrogen. It then provides information on typical nitrogen fixed by various legume cover crops. The document discusses finding the best cover crop fits within a crop rotation by considering goals like conservation, augmentation, and activation. It provides an overview of characteristics to consider when choosing a cover crop, and suggests matching specific cover crop objectives with suitable species. The document emphasizes the importance of planning cover crops and shares examples of farmer experiences using different cover crops.
Presentation made by Andy Jarvis in the Latin American Congress of Chemistry on 30th September 2010, in the symposium on Biodiversity and Ecosystems: the role of the chemical sciences.
Agronomic, Yield and Quality Performance Evaluation of Improved Vetch Varieti...Premier Publishers
The experiment was carried out to introduce and evaluate the adaptability of specific vetch genotypes based on yield, yield components and nutritional quality in Guji Zone, Ethiopia. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks, each containing 7 plots of vetch accessions namely; Vicia villosa IRLI, Vicia atropurporea, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD 61509, Vicia sativa ICARD 61744, Vicia dasycarpa lana and Vicia dasycarpa namoi in 2010 summer season and 4 plots of Vetch varieties/accessions (Vicia narbonensis, Lelisa, Abdeta and Gebisa) in 2011 summer season with each plot measuring 3m x 4m was used. The analysis of yield and yield components and quality shows that Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 and Vicia sativa ICARD 61509 was significantly higher in seed yield and Vicia sativa ICARD 61744 was significantly less in Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) content. Vicia sativa ICARD 61509 was significantly higher in Dry Matter Yield (DMy) and it is similar with other accessions except Vicia dasycarpa namoi. Vicia villosa Holeta was significantly higher in green forage yield and highest in Organic matter (OM), Crude Protein (CP) and In vitro Organic matter digestibility (DOMD). Abdeta was significantly higher in seed per pod, seed yield and Harvesting Index (HI) and highest in OM. Lelisa was significantly higher in green forage yield and late in date of maturity at (P<0.05). Therefore, based on the performance of most parameters, Vetch accessions/varieties, Vicia atropurpureum, Vicia villosa Holota, Vicia sativa ICARD61509 and Vicia sativa ICARD61744, in 2010 and Gebisa and Lelisa, in 2011 were best performing.
THEME – 3 Barley genetic resources under climate changes: a possible way in f...ICARDA
This document discusses evaluating barley genetic resources under climate change using field studies. It proposes using a "honeycomb design with head planting" which would allow for evaluating a large number of barley accessions in a small area by planting the spikes or heads. This approach has advantages in being low-cost, space efficient, and allowing evaluation of traits related to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as yield. It could provide an alternative method for handling large barley collections and for developing core collections or subsets for further study.
This document provides an overview of the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP), a global partnership led by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to coordinate rice research. GRiSP involves 16 international research centers and has an annual budget of $100 million. Its objectives are to increase rice productivity, foster more sustainable rice production systems, and improve the rice sector. Key activities include resequencing rice genomes, developing new rice varieties, evaluating management practices, improving post-harvest technologies, and partnering for large-scale impact. Highlights discussed include resequencing 3000 rice genomes, developing novel genetic resources like NAM populations, operating a global phenotyping platform, and awarding 31 scholarships under the Global Rice Science Scholarship
ICRISAT genebank - Preserving a rich heritage for food securityICRISAT
The ICRISAT genebank conserves genetic resources of crops like sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea and pigeonpea to ensure future food security. It holds over 119,000 accessions from 50+ countries. The collection provides tolerance to stresses and has been characterized for valuable traits. Samples are shared worldwide and maintained by regenerating crops and controlling pollination. ICRISAT also trains scientists and stores duplicates in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault to safeguard against loss.
Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ssaTropical Legumes III
#DYK the benefits of legumes: It intensify cropping systems as double, catch, relay and intercrops; Provide ‘free’ nitrogen to soils through atmospheric nitrogen fixation; Act as break crops for disease and pest cycles; Increase and diversify smallholder farmers’ incomes and Increase household diet quality with plant proteins and micronutrients.
Roux - A global information and knowledge sharing approach to facilitate the ...CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
The Ginés‐Mera Fellowship Fund for Postgraduates Studies in BiodiversityCIAT
This document discusses the development of genomics pipelines for cassava and their integration with breeding. It outlines relevant technical advances in sequencing technologies that have enabled the sequencing of important plant genomes like cassava. It describes cassava genomics tools that have been developed, including mapping populations, BAC libraries, EST collections, microarray platforms, and full-length cDNA collections. It discusses using these tools to identify genes related to traits like drought tolerance, disease resistance, and starch biosynthesis. The document emphasizes exploiting untapped genetic diversity and developing targeted breeding populations.
Development of genomics pipelines and its integration with breedingCIAT
This document discusses the development of genomics pipelines for cassava and their integration with breeding. It outlines relevant technical advances in sequencing technologies that have enabled the sequencing of important plant genomes like cassava. It describes cassava genomics tools that have been developed, including mapping populations, BAC libraries, EST collections, microarray platforms, and full-length cDNA collections. It discusses using these tools to identify genes related to traits like drought tolerance, disease resistance, and starch biosynthesis. The document emphasizes exploiting untapped genetic diversity and developing targeted breeding populations.
Combating wilt susceptibility in Chickpea – A Success story and Challenges ah...ICARDA
This document discusses the success and ongoing challenges of combating fusarium wilt susceptibility in chickpeas. It summarizes efforts over recent decades to identify sources of wilt resistance through screening landraces and developing resistant varieties. Major accomplishments include the development of varieties JG 315 and JG 74 in the 1980s and subsequent varieties in later decades. However, challenges remain such as new pathotypes of Fusarium oxysporum emerging and increasing issues with other soil-borne diseases under changing climatic conditions. Ongoing efforts are needed to incorporate multiple disease resistance and continue identifying new races of the pathogen.
Similar to Programme report-Global System and CWR (20)
4. Climate change
Likelihood (in percent) that the summer average temperature in 2090 will exceed the
highest summer temperature ever observed (1900-2006).
Source: Battisti, D.S., and R.L. Naylor. 2009. Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat. Science, 323, 240-
244.
5. Threats to diversity
Source: Valls J F M (2010) What specific changes in the current way genebanks and breeders to business and interact will be necessary to increase use
of Crop Wild Relatives? Presentation for ‘Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: The Need for Crop Wild Relatives’, Bellagio, 7-9 September 2010.
Photo adapted from Tollefson J (2010) Nature 466: 554-556.
6. Impact of climate change on CWR
Arachis (peanut, groundnut) - wild species distributions
2055
Current
Source: Jarvis, A., Ferguson, M., Williams, D., Guarino, L., Jones, P.,
Stalker, H., Valls, J., Pittman, R., Simpson, C. & Bramel, P. 2003.
Biogeography of Wild Arachis: Assessing Conservation Status and
Setting Future Priorities. Crop Science 43, 1100-1108.
7. State of ex situ conservation
• over 1700 facilities
• holding 7.4m accessions
• some are ‘state of the art’
8. State of ex situ conservation
• some are in a poor state
11. Global System
Rescue and Ensure conservation
safeguard important and availability
crop diversity
in perpetuity
12. Global System Project
Regeneration Duplication Conservation Research
Information systems Evaluation
13. Regeneration projects
Accessions in National Institutes
• 22 crops
• 95,000 accessions
• 246 collections
• 86 institutes
• 77 countries
• 9 networks
Source: Direct communication between Trust and national partners
14. Results of the regeneration
• 74,410 regenerated
• 3,675 put in vitro
• 12,255 not viable
15. Safety duplication
• 37,218 accessions
• 41 countries
• 12 not Treaty Party
• in process 10,000
accessions
16.
17. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault
• holds 747,141 samples
• 558,000 Trust funded
• 25,000 samples this month
19. Transferring samples
• 6 shipments / 1105
accessions
destroyed or
returned
• many still in
quarantine
20. Evaluation projects
• 43 projects
• 59 collections
• 20 crops
• 143 traits
• 58 NARS
• 8 CGIAR
• 43 countries
Photos International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). 2009.
21. Some results
Crop Country Results
Sweet CIP & 20 varieties performed very well (32 tons per hectare) in
potato Argentina sandy, saline soils. Developed a method for screening in vitro
cultures for salinity tolerance.
Maize Brazil 5 genotypes with tolerance to drought. Populations with
resistance to Phaeosphaeria leaf spot and rust.
Banana India 4 genotypes with drought tolerance
Wheat, Pakistan 127 wheat accessions resistant to yellow rust and potentially
chickpea 25 tolerant to drought. 5 chickpea accessions highly resistant
to Aschochyta blight.
Sweet PNG 32 accessions resistant to scab disease (Elsinoe batatas)
potato and 7 with cold tolerance
22.
23.
24. Genesys
National National
International Eurisco USDA
collections
27. Pest & disease resistance from CWR
Musa acuminata- black sigatoga resistance
Manihot glaziovii-
cassava mosaic
Aegilops disease (CMD)
tauschii- hessian resistance
fly resistance
Source: Okogbenin E (2010) The Use and Challenges of CWR in Breeding. Presentation for
‘Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: The Need for Crop Wild Relatives’, Bellagio, 7-9
September 2010.
28. CWR project: the crops
Species Common name
Avena sativa Oat
Cajanus cajan Pigeonpea
Cicer arietinum Chickpea
Daucus carota Carrot
Eleusine coracana Finger millet
Helianthus annuus Sunflower
Hordeum vulgare Barley
Ipomoea batatas Sweet potato
Lathyrus sativus Grass pea/Common chickling
Lens culinaris Lentil Species Common name
Malus domestica Apple Oryza glaberrima African rice
Medicago sativa Alfalfa/Lucerne Oryza sativa Rice
Musa acuminata Cavendish banana Pennisetum glaucum Pearl millet
Musa balbisiana Guangdong plantain Phaseolus lunatus Butter bean/Lima bean
Phaseolus vulgaris Garden bean
Pisum sativum Garden pea
Secale cereale Rye
Solanum melongena Eggplant/Aubergine
Solanum tuberosum Potato
Sorghum bicolor Sorghum
Triticum aestivum Bread wheat
Vicia faba Faba bean
Vicia sativa Common vetch
Vigna subterranea Bambara groundnut
Vigna unguiculata Cowpea
29. Activities
Research Collecting Prebreeding and Evaluation
Information
Conservation
31. Research: gap analysis
Gather Gather
taxonomic data occurrence Georeferencing
data
Make collecting Determine gaps Model
recommendations in collections distributions
Source: concept and images from Jarvis et al. 2009. Value of a Coordinate: geographic analysis of agricultural biodiversity. Presentation for Biodiversity
Information Standards (TDWG), November 2009.
32. Gap analysis: progress so far
• CWR inventory of 92
genera
• http://www.cwrdiversit
y.org/checklist/
• global dataset of CWR
geographic distributions
• 4 million records from
76 sources, including
20 herbaria
• generation of maps under
way
35. Collecting CWR: the road ahead
• collecting targets
identified
• gap analysis results
due end November
• discussions on
collecting initiated with
Myanmar, Mozambique,
Israel, Azerbaijan
• collecting starts
36. Using CWR
Figure out what
Pick the most
diversity is
diversity
present
Figure out if its Cross, cross,
good cross
Make it available
37. Using CWR: strategies
and case studies
• expert
consultations
• ‘CWR Genomics: a
key to unlocking
diversity’ in Dec.
2012
• case studies on
sunflower and rice
Group of experts on the use of potato CWR
CIP, Lima February 2012
Editor's Notes
Picture reference: Pennisetum procerum from NARO, Uganda collecting project
Development of use strategies: Expert consultations completed to date: potato, beans, sunflower, cereals, eggplant, sweetpotato, alfalfa, lentil, banana, apple and cowpea. Strategies for all genepools developed by end 2013. Meeting on ‘CWR Genomics: A key to unlocking diversity’ planned for December 2013: In collaboration with high-level team of scientific advisors co-funding from the US National Science Foundation as well as several Canadian Genome programmes.