Presented in the workshop session "What Bioinformaticians Need to Know about Digital Publishing Beyond the PDF" at ISMB 2013 in Berlin. https://www.iscb.org/cms_addon/conferences/ismbeccb2013/workshops.php
Next Generation Data and Opportunities for Clinical PharmacologistsPhilip Bourne
Presentation at the Pre-meeting Workshop Next-Generation Clinical Pharmacology: Integrating Systems Pharmacology, Data-Driven Therapeutics, and Personalized Medicine. American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting Atlanta GA March 18, 2014.
Presented in the workshop session "What Bioinformaticians Need to Know about Digital Publishing Beyond the PDF" at ISMB 2013 in Berlin. https://www.iscb.org/cms_addon/conferences/ismbeccb2013/workshops.php
Next Generation Data and Opportunities for Clinical PharmacologistsPhilip Bourne
Presentation at the Pre-meeting Workshop Next-Generation Clinical Pharmacology: Integrating Systems Pharmacology, Data-Driven Therapeutics, and Personalized Medicine. American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting Atlanta GA March 18, 2014.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESNational Ins.docxwillcoxjanay
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
AND HUMAN SERVICES
National Institutes
of Health
National Cancer Institute
National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences
CANCER AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
NIH Publication No. 03–2039
Printed August 2003
National Institute
of Environmental
Health Sciences
What You Need to Know
What You Can Do
CANCER AND THE ENVIRONMENT
T
his booklet was created by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and
the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in response to
many public requests for information. The content has been guided by responses
from a series of focus groups* that were conducted prior to producing the booklet.
People from local communities throughout the country participated in these groups.
NCI and NIEHS are 2 of the 27 institutes/centers that make up the National Institutes
of Health (NIH), an agency of the Federal Government’s Department of Health and
Human Services supported by your tax dollars. NIH is the major supporter of medical
research in universities and academic centers throughout the country. To date, 102
Nobel Prize winners have been supported by funds from NIH, more than any other
scientific institution in the world. For details, go to the NIH Web site at
http://www.nih.gov.
NCI was established by Congress in 1937 as the Federal Government’s principal
agency for cancer research and training. Research projects include a broad range of
topics: the cellular events in the development of cancer; the role of infectious agents
or other agents in the environment or workplace; the role of genetic and hormonal
factors; the interactions between environmental agents and genetic factors in the
development of cancer; improved imaging techniques and biomarkers in the blood or
urine for the early detection of cancer; and the role of diet and other chemicals in
preventing cancer. Additional activities include tracking cancer trends, coordinating
studies to test new drugs, and supporting new drug and vaccine development. Since
the passage of the National Cancer Act in 1971, which broadened NCI’s
responsibilities, the institute has built an extensive network that includes regional
and community cancer centers, specialized cancer physicians, and cooperative
groups of researchers throughout the country and abroad to test new prevention and
treatment agents. NCI’s mission also includes the collection and dissemination of
health information, programs to promote the incorporation of state-of-the-art cancer
treatments into care of cancer patients, and the continuing care of cancer patients
and their families. For more information, go to NCI’s Web site at
http://www.cancer.gov.
NIEHS was established by Congress in 1966 for the purpose of reducing human
illness caused by hazardous substances in the environment. The National Toxicology
Program, which is headquartered at NIEHS, helps coordinate toxicology studies
among Federal agencies and identifies substances that might cause cancer. NI ...
A presentation to high school students at Chula Vista High School, San Diego as part of nifty-fifty where scientists go into the high schools and try and excite students to a career in science. These slides describe my own particular career path.
Find the tentative program of 3rd International Conference on Chronic Diseases.http://bit.ly/2HMRBOV
Exciting waivers on single and group participation
Interested drop a mail : chronicdiseases@pulsusmeet.com
Chat with us through : https://bit.ly/2IGEvzW
Bad reproducibility of experimental results becomes a systemic problem in biomedicine. One of the main reason of this is inadequate statistical analysis. Statistical analysis should be comprehensive harmonizing statistical evidences and predictions as well as frequentist and Bayesian approaches. It is insufficient to carry out the null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) reporting P-values. Statistical significance doesn’t mean clinical importance.
Effect size with confidence and prediction intervals should be reported. Experiments an/or observations should be repeated many-many times and their agreement should be investigated.
The best way is to repeat the experiments independently in different laboratories (in different countries).
The word cohort is derived from the Latin "cohorts," meaning an enclosure, company, or crowd.
Taken in English from 17c. as a living prefix meaning "together, mutually, in common,“
In Roman times, a cohort was a 300—600 infantry body.
Group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined time period.
Age [Birth cohort]
Occupation exposure cohort
Exposure to drugs or vaccine
Pregnancy cohort
Insured person cohort
Marriage cohort
An Essay Upon Global Warming - GCSE Geography - Marked by Teachers.com. Global warming essays - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. (DOC) Essay on GLOBAL WARMING – Fact or Fiction CSS and PMS | nadem .... Global warming essay wikipedia in 2021 | Essay, Writing skills, Essay .... The Dukes Lab at UMass Boston - BACE Exhibit.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESNational Ins.docxwillcoxjanay
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
AND HUMAN SERVICES
National Institutes
of Health
National Cancer Institute
National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences
CANCER AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
NIH Publication No. 03–2039
Printed August 2003
National Institute
of Environmental
Health Sciences
What You Need to Know
What You Can Do
CANCER AND THE ENVIRONMENT
T
his booklet was created by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and
the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in response to
many public requests for information. The content has been guided by responses
from a series of focus groups* that were conducted prior to producing the booklet.
People from local communities throughout the country participated in these groups.
NCI and NIEHS are 2 of the 27 institutes/centers that make up the National Institutes
of Health (NIH), an agency of the Federal Government’s Department of Health and
Human Services supported by your tax dollars. NIH is the major supporter of medical
research in universities and academic centers throughout the country. To date, 102
Nobel Prize winners have been supported by funds from NIH, more than any other
scientific institution in the world. For details, go to the NIH Web site at
http://www.nih.gov.
NCI was established by Congress in 1937 as the Federal Government’s principal
agency for cancer research and training. Research projects include a broad range of
topics: the cellular events in the development of cancer; the role of infectious agents
or other agents in the environment or workplace; the role of genetic and hormonal
factors; the interactions between environmental agents and genetic factors in the
development of cancer; improved imaging techniques and biomarkers in the blood or
urine for the early detection of cancer; and the role of diet and other chemicals in
preventing cancer. Additional activities include tracking cancer trends, coordinating
studies to test new drugs, and supporting new drug and vaccine development. Since
the passage of the National Cancer Act in 1971, which broadened NCI’s
responsibilities, the institute has built an extensive network that includes regional
and community cancer centers, specialized cancer physicians, and cooperative
groups of researchers throughout the country and abroad to test new prevention and
treatment agents. NCI’s mission also includes the collection and dissemination of
health information, programs to promote the incorporation of state-of-the-art cancer
treatments into care of cancer patients, and the continuing care of cancer patients
and their families. For more information, go to NCI’s Web site at
http://www.cancer.gov.
NIEHS was established by Congress in 1966 for the purpose of reducing human
illness caused by hazardous substances in the environment. The National Toxicology
Program, which is headquartered at NIEHS, helps coordinate toxicology studies
among Federal agencies and identifies substances that might cause cancer. NI ...
A presentation to high school students at Chula Vista High School, San Diego as part of nifty-fifty where scientists go into the high schools and try and excite students to a career in science. These slides describe my own particular career path.
Find the tentative program of 3rd International Conference on Chronic Diseases.http://bit.ly/2HMRBOV
Exciting waivers on single and group participation
Interested drop a mail : chronicdiseases@pulsusmeet.com
Chat with us through : https://bit.ly/2IGEvzW
Bad reproducibility of experimental results becomes a systemic problem in biomedicine. One of the main reason of this is inadequate statistical analysis. Statistical analysis should be comprehensive harmonizing statistical evidences and predictions as well as frequentist and Bayesian approaches. It is insufficient to carry out the null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) reporting P-values. Statistical significance doesn’t mean clinical importance.
Effect size with confidence and prediction intervals should be reported. Experiments an/or observations should be repeated many-many times and their agreement should be investigated.
The best way is to repeat the experiments independently in different laboratories (in different countries).
The word cohort is derived from the Latin "cohorts," meaning an enclosure, company, or crowd.
Taken in English from 17c. as a living prefix meaning "together, mutually, in common,“
In Roman times, a cohort was a 300—600 infantry body.
Group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined time period.
Age [Birth cohort]
Occupation exposure cohort
Exposure to drugs or vaccine
Pregnancy cohort
Insured person cohort
Marriage cohort
An Essay Upon Global Warming - GCSE Geography - Marked by Teachers.com. Global warming essays - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. (DOC) Essay on GLOBAL WARMING – Fact or Fiction CSS and PMS | nadem .... Global warming essay wikipedia in 2021 | Essay, Writing skills, Essay .... The Dukes Lab at UMass Boston - BACE Exhibit.
Presented online as part of the NASM series in Advancing Drug Discovery see https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/40883_09-2023_advancing-drug-discovery-data-science-meets-drug-discovery
For a panel discussion at the Associate Research Libraries Spring meeting April 27, 2022, Montreal https://www.arl.org/schedule-for-spring-2022-association-meeting/
Frontiers of Computing at the Cellular and Molecular ScalesPhilip Bourne
3 basic points when establishing a new biomedical initiative. Presented at Frontiers of Computing in Health and Society, George Mason University, September 21, 2021.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
Professional Development Presented to ACS Student Group Oct 16, 2013
1. urp.ucsd.edu
From B Student to Associate Vice
Chancellor & Professor
Philip E. Bourne
pbourne@ucsd.edu
10/16/13
ACSSA
1
2. Lesson 1 Change is Good
• My high school
teacher Mr. Wilson
said I would be a
failure at chemistry
• My PhD is in
chemistry
• The opportunity to
live in different
places shaped my
life
• Good friends are
forever
4. PhD – The Molecular Basis of
Cancer Treatment
Lesson 3 See things for what they are
• I thought I was at
the center of the
scientific universe
• I later discovered I
was actually in
deep space
5. Lesson 4: Follow Your Heart
• Your head will tell you stuff
• Your heart will tell you something different
• Follow your heart
Circa 1974
6. Postdoctoral Work – The
Molecular Basis of How the Body
Works
Lesson 5 Learn to live with regret
• Regrets: never
learnt another
language
12. Got Involved with the The Human Genome –
Was Only Possible by Applying Computers to
Problems in Biology
• Took at least 10 years
and ~$1Bn
• Biology’s equivalent of
landing on the moon
• We now have
thousands of genomes
• $50 genome is upon us
13. Came to UCSD to Apply Computers
to Big Biological Problems
• Possibly the best place in the
world to do computational
biology
14. Fell in Love with the Data Problem
10/16/13
ACSSA
14
15. Number of released entries
Proteomics Data
Its Not Just About Numbers its About Complexity
10/16/13
The Omics Revolution
ACSSA
Year
15
Courtesy of the RCSB Protein Data Bank
17. 2005 - Started a New Journal to
Support My Field – Led to a Passion for
Open Access
18. Josh Sommer and Chordoma Disease
http://fora.tv/2010/04/23/Sage_Commons_Josh_Sommer_Chordoma_Foundation#fullprogram
10/16/13
ACSSA
18
19. Josh Sommer – A Remarkable Young Man
Co-founder & Executive Director the Chordoma Foundation
10/16/13
ACSSA
http://sagecongress.org/Presentations/Sommer.pdf
19
Motivation
20. Chordoma
• A rare form of brain
cancer
• No known drugs
• Treatment – surgical
resection followed by
intense radiation
therapy
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Chordoma.JPG
10/16/13
ACSSA
20
27. Lesson 7 – Go After the Big
Problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
August 14, 2009
Can we improve how science
is disseminated and
comprehended?
What is the ancestry of the
protein structure universe and
what can we learn from it?
Are there alternative ways to
represent proteins from which
we can learn something new?
What really happens when we
take a drug?
Can we contribute to the
treatment of neglected
{tropical} diseases?
29. The Worst of Times
Source: http://www.pharmafocusasia.com/strategy/drug_discovery_india_force_to_reckon.htm
10/16/13
ACSSA
29
30. Here is One Reason Why
• Tykerb – Breast cancer
• Gleevac – Leukemia, GI
cancers
• Nexavar – Kidney and liver
cancer
• Staurosporine – natural product
– alkaloid – uses many e.g.,
antifungal antihypertensive
10/16/13
30
ACSSA
Collins and Workman 2006 Nature Chemical Biology 2 689-700
31. Bioinformatics – Reverse Engineering
Drug Discovery
Characterize ligand binding
site of primary target
(Geometric Potential)
Identify off-targets by ligand
binding site similarity
(Sequence order independent
profile-profile alignment)
Extract known drugs
or inhibitors of the
primary and/or off-targets
Search for similar
small molecules
…
Dock molecules to both
primary and off-targets
Statistics analysis
of docking score
correlations
10/16/13
ACSSA
31
Xie and Bourne 2009
Bioinformatics 25(12) 305-312
32. The Problem with Tuberculosis
•
•
•
•
One third of global population infected
1.7 million deaths per year
95% of deaths in developing countries
Anti-TB drugs hardly changed in 40
years
• MDR-TB and XDR-TB pose a threat to
human health worldwide
• Development of novel, effective and
inexpensive drugs is an urgent priority
10/16/13
ACSSA
32
33. Map 2 onto 1 – The TB-Drugome
http://funsite.sdsc.edu/drugome/TB/
Similarities between the binding sites of M.tb proteins (blue),
33
10/16/13
ACSSA
and binding sites containing approved drugs (red).
34. From a Drug Repositioning Perspective
• Similarities between drug binding sites and
TB proteins are found for 61/268 drugs
• 41 of these drugs could potentially inhibit
more than one TB protein
chenodiol
testosterone
ritonavir
10/16/13
conjugated
estrogens &
methotrexate
raloxifene
levothyroxine
alitretinoin
No. of potential TB targets
ACSSA
34
37. What Would I Work On If Starting
Today?
• Neuroinformatics
• Translational research – interdisciplinary, lab
to market
• Science advocacy
• Anything big data
10/16/13
ACSSA
37
Tuberculosis, which is caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a leading cause of mortality among the infectious diseases. It has been estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that almost one-third of the world's population, around 2 billion people, is infected with the disease.
Every year, more than 8 million people develop an active form of the disease, which claims the lives of nearly 2 million. This translates to over 4,900 deaths per day, and more than 95% of these are in developing countries.
Despite the current global situation, antitubercular drugs have remained largely unchanged over the last four decades. The widespread use of these agents has provided a strong selective pressure for M.tuberculosis, thus encouraging the emergence of resistant strains.
Multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is defined as resistance to the first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin. The effective treatment of MDR tuberculosis necessitates long-term use of second-line drug combinations, an unfortunate consequence of which is the emergence of further drug resistance.
Enter extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis - M.tuberculosis strains that are resistant to both isoniazid plus rifampin, as well as key second-line drugs. Since the only remaining drug classes exhibit such low potency and high toxicity, XDR tuberculosis is extremely difficult to treat.
The rise of XDR tuberculosis around the world imposes a great threat on human health, therefore reinforcing the development of new antitubercular agents as an urgent priority.
Very few Mtb proteins explored as drug targets
Multi-target therapy may be more effective than single-target therapy to treat infectious diseases
Most of the proteins listed are potential novel drug targets for the development of efficient anti-tuberculosis chemotherapeutics.
GSMN-TB: Genome Scale Metabolic Reaction Network of M.tb (http://sysbio/sbs.surrey.ac.uk/tb)
849 reactions, 739 metabolites, 726 genes
Can optimize the model for in vivo growth
Carry out multiple gene inhibition and compute the maximal theoretical growth rate (if close to zero, that combination of genes is essential for growth)