Productivity growth is important for economic prosperity. From 1996-2005, productivity grew at an average annual rate of 3.52%, more than doubling the rate from 1973-1995. Strong productivity allows future generations to enjoy higher living standards through increased output per hour of work. Key drivers of productivity include technological innovation, changes in business practices, capital investment, and skills of the workforce. Information technology has been a major factor boosting productivity since the mid-1990s.
The document provides guidance on creating a marketing plan in 3 parts. Part 1 discusses the importance of a marketing plan for businesses of any size and covering a 1 year period. It also recommends involving different departments to provide input. Part 2 focuses on researching the market through primary and secondary research methods like surveys, interviews and industry reports. Part 3 prefaces the key elements a marketing plan should include like financial reports and sales data. The plan should provide direction for marketing efforts and insight into the company.
This document discusses how schools can monitor student computer activity, similar to how administrators could previously monitor student behavior by walking the halls. It introduces Aristotle, a software solution that allows schools to track inappropriate computer use, such as threats, pornography, or cyberbullying. The software monitors student keystrokes and messages for concerning keywords and automatically alerts administrators. Case studies show how Aristotle helped schools intervene to prevent a suicide, uncover a school shooting plot, and catch an administrator downloading child pornography. Aristotle provides automated monitoring and reporting to help schools ensure student safety online.
La Pelota de Letras es un exitoso espectáculo de comedia stand-up que retrata con humor las diferentes generaciones en Colombia. Presta especial atención a la generación de la guayaba a la que pertenece el comediante. Aunque comienza como una obra humorística, parece sugerir una propuesta a favor de la Cienciología que ha ayudado al comediante a alcanzar el éxito. El documento analiza los posibles mensajes subyacentes sobre las generaciones y la influencia de la Cienciología en la obra.
Las grandes empresas de logística como Amazon han demostrado ser verdaderos reyes de la logística gracias a su capacidad para entregar pedidos de forma rápida y eficiente a millones de clientes en todo el mundo, lo que les ha permitido convertirse en grandes vencedores del comercio minorista.
The document outlines a strategic plan for the United States' Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS). It discusses establishing IEOS to meet the country's needs for sustained Earth observation data to inform policymaking. IEOS will contribute to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems and help achieve nine societal benefit areas. The plan was developed by an interagency working group and establishes a governance structure and implementation framework for IEOS. It identifies next steps to realize IEOS, including integrating existing observation systems and addressing gaps.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de controladores programables, incluyendo programadores electrónicos, programadores por teclado, programadores por lápiz óptico, programadores con termostato, interruptores crepusculares y relés de prioridad electrónicos. Explica cómo funcionan cada uno y cómo se pueden programar para controlar automáticamente el encendido y apagado de dispositivos eléctricos en función de la hora del día, la temperatura o la luz ambiental.
Este documento explora la naturaleza de la paz y sugiere que es una sensación interna que no proviene del pensamiento sino de aceptar la respuesta a la pregunta sobre el significado de la vida. Aunque es fácil decir la palabra "paz", la paz verdadera no es simplemente la ausencia de ruido o enfado, sino más bien una comprensión profunda de uno mismo y gratitud por la vida. La paz solo puede ser entendida personalmente a través de la experiencia, no puede ser explicada con palabras.
The document provides guidance on creating a marketing plan in 3 parts. Part 1 discusses the importance of a marketing plan for businesses of any size and covering a 1 year period. It also recommends involving different departments to provide input. Part 2 focuses on researching the market through primary and secondary research methods like surveys, interviews and industry reports. Part 3 prefaces the key elements a marketing plan should include like financial reports and sales data. The plan should provide direction for marketing efforts and insight into the company.
This document discusses how schools can monitor student computer activity, similar to how administrators could previously monitor student behavior by walking the halls. It introduces Aristotle, a software solution that allows schools to track inappropriate computer use, such as threats, pornography, or cyberbullying. The software monitors student keystrokes and messages for concerning keywords and automatically alerts administrators. Case studies show how Aristotle helped schools intervene to prevent a suicide, uncover a school shooting plot, and catch an administrator downloading child pornography. Aristotle provides automated monitoring and reporting to help schools ensure student safety online.
La Pelota de Letras es un exitoso espectáculo de comedia stand-up que retrata con humor las diferentes generaciones en Colombia. Presta especial atención a la generación de la guayaba a la que pertenece el comediante. Aunque comienza como una obra humorística, parece sugerir una propuesta a favor de la Cienciología que ha ayudado al comediante a alcanzar el éxito. El documento analiza los posibles mensajes subyacentes sobre las generaciones y la influencia de la Cienciología en la obra.
Las grandes empresas de logística como Amazon han demostrado ser verdaderos reyes de la logística gracias a su capacidad para entregar pedidos de forma rápida y eficiente a millones de clientes en todo el mundo, lo que les ha permitido convertirse en grandes vencedores del comercio minorista.
The document outlines a strategic plan for the United States' Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS). It discusses establishing IEOS to meet the country's needs for sustained Earth observation data to inform policymaking. IEOS will contribute to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems and help achieve nine societal benefit areas. The plan was developed by an interagency working group and establishes a governance structure and implementation framework for IEOS. It identifies next steps to realize IEOS, including integrating existing observation systems and addressing gaps.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de controladores programables, incluyendo programadores electrónicos, programadores por teclado, programadores por lápiz óptico, programadores con termostato, interruptores crepusculares y relés de prioridad electrónicos. Explica cómo funcionan cada uno y cómo se pueden programar para controlar automáticamente el encendido y apagado de dispositivos eléctricos en función de la hora del día, la temperatura o la luz ambiental.
Este documento explora la naturaleza de la paz y sugiere que es una sensación interna que no proviene del pensamiento sino de aceptar la respuesta a la pregunta sobre el significado de la vida. Aunque es fácil decir la palabra "paz", la paz verdadera no es simplemente la ausencia de ruido o enfado, sino más bien una comprensión profunda de uno mismo y gratitud por la vida. La paz solo puede ser entendida personalmente a través de la experiencia, no puede ser explicada con palabras.
Este documento describe los elementos clave de la elaboración de proyectos de aprendizaje-servicio. Explica que estos proyectos tienen una doble intencionalidad de incorporar nuevos conocimientos al mismo tiempo que apoyar la solución de un problema comunitario. También destaca los retos de diagnosticar adecuadamente la realidad, elegir el mejor camino de acción, y reflexionar sobre las posibilidades reales de resolver el problema.
Small Claims Handbook A Guide For Non Lawyers September RevisionF Blanco
This document provides a guide for non-lawyers on small claims court procedures in Colorado. It discusses whether small claims court is appropriate for a person's claim, the benefits of settling versus going to trial, and outlines the basic procedures for filing a complaint, paying fees, serving the defendant, and the defendant's ability to file a response or counterclaim. The guide encourages readers to review the updated Colorado statutes and rules of procedure for small claims court.
Este documento presenta un curso gratuito sobre cómo tratar a personas difíciles. El curso enseña a identificar y manejar algunos de los tipos más comunes de personas problemáticas, como aquellos que causan problemas en el trabajo, crean un ambiente negativo o ponen obstáculos a las cosas más sencillas. El curso ofrece consejos sobre cómo cambiar el enfoque para tratar con personas difíciles y modificar su comportamiento en lugar de intentar cambiar su forma de ser. También cubre temas como los dos tipos de enfado, el chantaje emocional
This document provides tips for adding more fruits and vegetables to one's diet in order to promote better health and fight diseases. It recommends eating a minimum of five servings per day but ideally eight to ten servings. It offers specific serving size guidelines and suggests incorporating fruits and vegetables into meals and snacks in various forms like fresh, frozen, canned, dried or as juice. It also gives ideas for making healthy choices when eating out or at social events.
Un sistema de potencia se considera estable si permanece funcionando en un estado operativo aceptable o puede retornar a ese estado luego de ser perturbado. La estabilidad depende de factores como los ángulos de los rotores de las máquinas y las tensiones de las barras de la red. Existen diferentes tipos de inestabilidad como la de ángulo, que ocurre si las máquinas no permanecen sincronizadas luego de una perturbación, y la de tensión, que sucede si las tensiones no se mantienen dentro de rangos aceptables.
Matriz energia electrica nacional febap dachary abril 2008Eduardo Soracco
El documento trata sobre la situación energética nacional y regional en Argentina. Explica que el modelo energético actual está agotado y se necesita una nueva política energética a largo plazo. Detalla que la demanda de energía está creciendo rápidamente debido al aumento del PBI, pero que las reservas de gas natural son limitadas. Finalmente, analiza la generación eléctrica en 2006-2007, señalando que depende principalmente de fuentes térmicas e hidráulicas.
Los estudios encontraron que muchos pacientes reciben medicamentos que no necesitan o no reciben medicamentos que sí necesitan. Específicamente, un estudio encontró que el 65% de los pacientes que recibían un promedio de 8 medicamentos recibían al menos un medicamento que no necesitaban. Otro estudio encontró que a dos de cada tres pacientes no se les había recetado un medicamento que sí necesitaban. Tomar muchos medicamentos aumenta el riesgo de recibir medicamentos innecesarios.
1. El documento habla sobre temas de contratos, incluyendo desequilibrios negociales, desigualdades en el poder de negociación, vicios de la voluntad y del consentimiento, modificación del contrato, y extinción del contrato.
2. Explica conceptos como lesión, contratos de adhesión con cláusulas abusivas, errores, dolo, violencia, interpretación de contratos, doctrina de imprevisión, y causas normales y anormales de extinción de contratos.
3. Proporciona
Este documento analiza los problemas asociados con el uso de arrancadores de estado sólido para detener lentamente los motores de bombas, incluida la generación de armónicos y resonancias durante las rampas prolongadas. Se propone desconectar los condensadores de compensación de reactiva durante las rampas para evitar resonancias, y rediseñar la compensación para cumplir con los requisitos de factor de potencia. El objetivo final es encontrar un compromiso que permita operar la planta cumpliendo con las normas de compatibilidad electromagnética y compens
Este documento descreve procedimentos para medir circuitos elétricos usando um multímetro digital e um osciloscópio. Inclui instruções para medir tensão, corrente e resistência, além de realizar medições em circuitos com resistores em série e paralelo.
Este documento describe el método de reducción de mapas de Karnaugh para minimizar funciones booleanas. Explica cómo construir mapas de Karnaugh para diferentes números de variables y cómo usarlos para agrupar términos y obtener funciones reducidas con menos términos. También proporciona un ejemplo numérico para ilustrar el proceso de minimización usando un mapa de Karnaugh de tres variables.
Este documento describe los juegos de los niños en el Parterre del Buen Retiro de Madrid. Detalla cómo los niños de todas las clases sociales juegan juntos en este espacio abierto, corriendo, saltando y divirtiéndose. También habla de cómo las niñas empiezan a mostrar su instinto de coquetería en sus juegos. Finalmente, describe la alegría de los niños al pasear en pequeños carruajes y ómnibus en la glorieta de Oriente.
El documento habla sobre cómo tomar buenas decisiones cuando se enfrenta a desafíos. Sugiere que para tomar la decisión correcta hay que mantener la calma y la serenidad, ir a tu interior para tener una visión completa de la situación. Recomienda identificar cuál es la prioridad en ese momento y actuar en base a eso de manera pausada y pensada, no dejándose llevar por el pánico o la prisa. Indica que la calma viene del corazón, no de la mente agitada, y que partir de un estado interior de tranquilidad
Este documento presenta información sobre los componentes principales del cemento y hormigón, incluyendo cementos argentinos, agregados, aditivos, fibras y agua. También define el concepto de durabilidad y las principales causas de deterioro del hormigón.
Electronica Conceptos Basicos De Electricidad (1)F Blanco
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los conceptos básicos de electricidad. Explica que la electricidad se origina en el movimiento de los electrones dentro del átomo y define las unidades eléctricas básicas como la tensión, la intensidad y la resistencia. También describe la Ley de Ohm, que establece la relación matemática entre estas unidades.
Este documento trata sobre diferentes tipos de sensores. Explica que los sensores detectan variaciones físicas y transmiten señales eléctricas. Describe dos tipos principales de sensores: discretos y continuos. Los discretos entregan valores concretos como abierto/cerrado, mientras que los continuos pueden variar de forma continua. Luego detalla varios ejemplos específicos de cada tipo, incluyendo sensores magnéticos, de humo, temperatura e iluminación.
Ingeniero electromecánico petruszynski, cesar m.Eduardo Soracco
Este documento presenta conceptos básicos sobre sistemas de aire comprimido industriales, incluyendo la composición del aire atmosférico, las leyes de los gases, la generación y almacenamiento de aire comprimido, y los tipos comunes de compresores y depósitos. El objetivo es refrescar estos conceptos para la selección o diseño efectivo de sistemas de aire comprimido.
The document discusses the concept of prosperity through productivity. It defines productivity and outlines different approaches to measuring productivity. It argues that increasing productivity is key to raising prosperity and standards of living. Productivity gains can eliminate issues like poverty and hunger by reducing costs and waste while increasing profits, consumer benefits, and employee compensation. Overall, the document advocates that a focus on continuous productivity improvements across all economic sectors is vital for achieving shared prosperity.
Labor Productivity: Wages, Prices, and Employmentecogeeeeeks
This document discusses labor productivity, including its definition, importance, trends, and relationship to wages, prices, and employment. Some key points:
- Labor productivity is defined as total real output divided by the number of worker hours. It is an important factor in wage and living standard growth and in controlling inflation.
- Long-term productivity growth is driven by capital investment, improved education/skills, technological progress, and efficiency gains. Cyclically, productivity declines in recessions and rises in expansions.
- While productivity varies across industries, wages are relatively even, so output and employment shift toward more productive sectors over time. However, data shows no clear relationship between industry productivity and employment growth when demand factors
Este documento describe los elementos clave de la elaboración de proyectos de aprendizaje-servicio. Explica que estos proyectos tienen una doble intencionalidad de incorporar nuevos conocimientos al mismo tiempo que apoyar la solución de un problema comunitario. También destaca los retos de diagnosticar adecuadamente la realidad, elegir el mejor camino de acción, y reflexionar sobre las posibilidades reales de resolver el problema.
Small Claims Handbook A Guide For Non Lawyers September RevisionF Blanco
This document provides a guide for non-lawyers on small claims court procedures in Colorado. It discusses whether small claims court is appropriate for a person's claim, the benefits of settling versus going to trial, and outlines the basic procedures for filing a complaint, paying fees, serving the defendant, and the defendant's ability to file a response or counterclaim. The guide encourages readers to review the updated Colorado statutes and rules of procedure for small claims court.
Este documento presenta un curso gratuito sobre cómo tratar a personas difíciles. El curso enseña a identificar y manejar algunos de los tipos más comunes de personas problemáticas, como aquellos que causan problemas en el trabajo, crean un ambiente negativo o ponen obstáculos a las cosas más sencillas. El curso ofrece consejos sobre cómo cambiar el enfoque para tratar con personas difíciles y modificar su comportamiento en lugar de intentar cambiar su forma de ser. También cubre temas como los dos tipos de enfado, el chantaje emocional
This document provides tips for adding more fruits and vegetables to one's diet in order to promote better health and fight diseases. It recommends eating a minimum of five servings per day but ideally eight to ten servings. It offers specific serving size guidelines and suggests incorporating fruits and vegetables into meals and snacks in various forms like fresh, frozen, canned, dried or as juice. It also gives ideas for making healthy choices when eating out or at social events.
Un sistema de potencia se considera estable si permanece funcionando en un estado operativo aceptable o puede retornar a ese estado luego de ser perturbado. La estabilidad depende de factores como los ángulos de los rotores de las máquinas y las tensiones de las barras de la red. Existen diferentes tipos de inestabilidad como la de ángulo, que ocurre si las máquinas no permanecen sincronizadas luego de una perturbación, y la de tensión, que sucede si las tensiones no se mantienen dentro de rangos aceptables.
Matriz energia electrica nacional febap dachary abril 2008Eduardo Soracco
El documento trata sobre la situación energética nacional y regional en Argentina. Explica que el modelo energético actual está agotado y se necesita una nueva política energética a largo plazo. Detalla que la demanda de energía está creciendo rápidamente debido al aumento del PBI, pero que las reservas de gas natural son limitadas. Finalmente, analiza la generación eléctrica en 2006-2007, señalando que depende principalmente de fuentes térmicas e hidráulicas.
Los estudios encontraron que muchos pacientes reciben medicamentos que no necesitan o no reciben medicamentos que sí necesitan. Específicamente, un estudio encontró que el 65% de los pacientes que recibían un promedio de 8 medicamentos recibían al menos un medicamento que no necesitaban. Otro estudio encontró que a dos de cada tres pacientes no se les había recetado un medicamento que sí necesitaban. Tomar muchos medicamentos aumenta el riesgo de recibir medicamentos innecesarios.
1. El documento habla sobre temas de contratos, incluyendo desequilibrios negociales, desigualdades en el poder de negociación, vicios de la voluntad y del consentimiento, modificación del contrato, y extinción del contrato.
2. Explica conceptos como lesión, contratos de adhesión con cláusulas abusivas, errores, dolo, violencia, interpretación de contratos, doctrina de imprevisión, y causas normales y anormales de extinción de contratos.
3. Proporciona
Este documento analiza los problemas asociados con el uso de arrancadores de estado sólido para detener lentamente los motores de bombas, incluida la generación de armónicos y resonancias durante las rampas prolongadas. Se propone desconectar los condensadores de compensación de reactiva durante las rampas para evitar resonancias, y rediseñar la compensación para cumplir con los requisitos de factor de potencia. El objetivo final es encontrar un compromiso que permita operar la planta cumpliendo con las normas de compatibilidad electromagnética y compens
Este documento descreve procedimentos para medir circuitos elétricos usando um multímetro digital e um osciloscópio. Inclui instruções para medir tensão, corrente e resistência, além de realizar medições em circuitos com resistores em série e paralelo.
Este documento describe el método de reducción de mapas de Karnaugh para minimizar funciones booleanas. Explica cómo construir mapas de Karnaugh para diferentes números de variables y cómo usarlos para agrupar términos y obtener funciones reducidas con menos términos. También proporciona un ejemplo numérico para ilustrar el proceso de minimización usando un mapa de Karnaugh de tres variables.
Este documento describe los juegos de los niños en el Parterre del Buen Retiro de Madrid. Detalla cómo los niños de todas las clases sociales juegan juntos en este espacio abierto, corriendo, saltando y divirtiéndose. También habla de cómo las niñas empiezan a mostrar su instinto de coquetería en sus juegos. Finalmente, describe la alegría de los niños al pasear en pequeños carruajes y ómnibus en la glorieta de Oriente.
El documento habla sobre cómo tomar buenas decisiones cuando se enfrenta a desafíos. Sugiere que para tomar la decisión correcta hay que mantener la calma y la serenidad, ir a tu interior para tener una visión completa de la situación. Recomienda identificar cuál es la prioridad en ese momento y actuar en base a eso de manera pausada y pensada, no dejándose llevar por el pánico o la prisa. Indica que la calma viene del corazón, no de la mente agitada, y que partir de un estado interior de tranquilidad
Este documento presenta información sobre los componentes principales del cemento y hormigón, incluyendo cementos argentinos, agregados, aditivos, fibras y agua. También define el concepto de durabilidad y las principales causas de deterioro del hormigón.
Electronica Conceptos Basicos De Electricidad (1)F Blanco
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los conceptos básicos de electricidad. Explica que la electricidad se origina en el movimiento de los electrones dentro del átomo y define las unidades eléctricas básicas como la tensión, la intensidad y la resistencia. También describe la Ley de Ohm, que establece la relación matemática entre estas unidades.
Este documento trata sobre diferentes tipos de sensores. Explica que los sensores detectan variaciones físicas y transmiten señales eléctricas. Describe dos tipos principales de sensores: discretos y continuos. Los discretos entregan valores concretos como abierto/cerrado, mientras que los continuos pueden variar de forma continua. Luego detalla varios ejemplos específicos de cada tipo, incluyendo sensores magnéticos, de humo, temperatura e iluminación.
Ingeniero electromecánico petruszynski, cesar m.Eduardo Soracco
Este documento presenta conceptos básicos sobre sistemas de aire comprimido industriales, incluyendo la composición del aire atmosférico, las leyes de los gases, la generación y almacenamiento de aire comprimido, y los tipos comunes de compresores y depósitos. El objetivo es refrescar estos conceptos para la selección o diseño efectivo de sistemas de aire comprimido.
The document discusses the concept of prosperity through productivity. It defines productivity and outlines different approaches to measuring productivity. It argues that increasing productivity is key to raising prosperity and standards of living. Productivity gains can eliminate issues like poverty and hunger by reducing costs and waste while increasing profits, consumer benefits, and employee compensation. Overall, the document advocates that a focus on continuous productivity improvements across all economic sectors is vital for achieving shared prosperity.
Labor Productivity: Wages, Prices, and Employmentecogeeeeeks
This document discusses labor productivity, including its definition, importance, trends, and relationship to wages, prices, and employment. Some key points:
- Labor productivity is defined as total real output divided by the number of worker hours. It is an important factor in wage and living standard growth and in controlling inflation.
- Long-term productivity growth is driven by capital investment, improved education/skills, technological progress, and efficiency gains. Cyclically, productivity declines in recessions and rises in expansions.
- While productivity varies across industries, wages are relatively even, so output and employment shift toward more productive sectors over time. However, data shows no clear relationship between industry productivity and employment growth when demand factors
The document summarizes key concepts related to the business cycle and macroeconomics. It defines phases of the business cycle like peaks, recessions, troughs, and recoveries. It also defines related terms like unemployment, inflation, fiscal and monetary policy tools. Charts are included to illustrate the business cycle and measures like the unemployment rate.
This document analyzes factors that enable productivity using data from the Benchmark Index service. It finds that strategies focusing on market share build lower productivity than periods of consolidation focusing on existing customers. Graduate employment significantly impacts manufacturing productivity. Staff retention is critical, with high turnover reducing productivity by up to 25% in services. Training increases productivity more in manufacturing (up to 24%) than services (can reduce it by 18%). Expenditure on training improves productivity more in manufacturing (up to 47%) than services (up to 12%). Partnerships within supply chains and innovation yield earlier benefits for manufacturers. Automation and higher manager ratios correlate with higher productivity.
U.S. Consumer Goods: The Case for Putting Analytics at the CoreCognizant
Cognizant analyzes a document discussing how U.S. consumer goods companies can benefit from putting analytics at the core of their business strategies. The summary is:
1) U.S. consumer goods companies face economic challenges like rising costs and shifting consumer behavior, forcing them to find new efficiencies.
2) Advancements in data collection and analytics can help companies better understand customer needs, identify operational inefficiencies, and innovate new products.
3) To stay competitive, consumer goods firms must leverage the vast amounts of data now available through digital technologies and social media to engage customers and guide strategic decisions.
The document discusses how the manufacturing industry is evolving to meet future growth and productivity demands. It notes that while manufacturing used to drive the US economy, the industry has faced many challenges in recent decades as the economy shifted away from goods production. However, manufacturing remains important and resilient, with productivity rising again. The industry is adapting to new trends like green manufacturing and e-commerce, which require different skills than traditional manufacturing roles. Ongoing challenges for manufacturers include finding skilled workers, maintaining competitiveness through efficiency gains, and ensuring workplace safety and eligibility compliance.
This document discusses the theory of production and the law of variable proportions. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts:
1) The theory of production examines how producers combine inputs to produce output given technological constraints. It focuses on production functions and laws of production.
2) The law of variable proportions states that as one variable input is increased while others stay fixed, marginal product will initially rise but eventually decline, leading to three stages: increasing, diminishing, and negative returns.
3) Economies of scale refer to cost advantages from increased scale of production, including internal economies from specialization and external economies from infrastructure. Diseconomies arise as firms grow beyond optimal size due to coordination problems.
Important advertising trends of 2011-how you can fully capitalize on today's ...Mediaspace Solutions
The document discusses important advertising trends in 2011 and how advertisers can capitalize on opportunities in the current marketplace. It notes that the economy is weak with high unemployment and low consumer confidence impacting consumer spending. While it may be tempting to cut marketing budgets, research shows companies that maintain or increase advertising spend during recessions experience higher sales. However, advertisers face challenges like increased media fragmentation, viewer avoidance of TV ads, and low clickthrough rates for internet ads. The document examines various advertising vehicles and their effectiveness. It emphasizes the importance of reaching customers through proven mediums despite the noisy commercial environment.
Learn what is driving manufacturers to focus on creating more efficient manufacturing operations and which manufacturers are most successful in achieving these efficiency gains.
This document discusses the concept of productivity. It defines productivity as a ratio of inputs to outputs and a measure of production efficiency. Productivity focuses on reducing waste and working smarter, not harder through innovation and continuous improvement. The most important factor for achieving higher productivity is the workforce. Productivity can be increased by improving customer value and reducing costs and waste. Factors affecting productivity include internal factors like labor quality, technology, and management, as well as external factors like economic conditions. The document outlines ways to improve productivity such as training to improve skills, investing in advanced technologies, increasing domestic and export demand, applying management systems and tools, and meeting customer requirements. Improving productivity can help reduce costs, improve competitiveness, shorten payback
The document discusses the business cycle, which refers to periods of economic expansion and contraction over time. A business cycle consists of expansions, recessions/general contractions, and revivals. Expansions are periods of increased production, prices, and employment. Recessions involve declining output, prices, and rising unemployment. Contractions occur when the economy experiences a steep decline. Revivals mark the beginning of the next expansion phase. The phases of the business cycle - peak, recession, trough, recovery - are explained in detail. Causes of recessions and theories to explain business cycles like Keynesian and real business cycle theories are also summarized.
The document analyzes trends that will shape the consumer goods industry over the next decade. It identifies 5 key trends through analyzing 11 global trends: 1) A billion new middle-class consumers in emerging markets. 2) The rise of the digital consumer. 3) The shift to value. 4) The impact of demographic shifts including aging on consumption patterns. 5) Increasingly volatile input costs due to resource shortages and fewer larger suppliers. These 5 trends are highly probable and likely to have large impacts on industry profits.
The document discusses the economic outlook for 2024 and beyond, arguing that pursuing productivity gains through upskilling workers, optimizing capital investments, and operating with excellence can lead to either economic stagnation or a new era of abundance. It notes uncertainties around inflation, interest rates, and demographic shifts that may constrain growth. However, it asserts that accelerating productivity across companies similar to the 1990s US can boost overall economic performance and standards of living if business leaders actively pursue the "three-sided productivity opportunity" of changing how their organizations operate, investing in technology and innovation, and offsetting higher costs. The document aims to convince readers that prioritizing productivity is the best path forward for both business success and economic prosperity in 2024
The document discusses the concept of economies of scale - the cost advantages that businesses obtain due to expansion and increased production. It provides examples of internal and external economies of scale that individual firms and industries can achieve. Internal economies include labor, technical, managerial, marketing, financial, and risk-spreading advantages. External economies arise from factors like skilled local labor pools and supplier networks.
The document also addresses the concept of diseconomies of scale, where larger business size results in increased per-unit costs. Examples given include managerial inefficiency in large organizations, breakdowns in supplier/customer relationships, and traffic congestion. There is an optimum point where economies of scale are maximized and diseconomies begin to
This document discusses the effects of globalization on productivity-based compensation arrangements and decent work. It begins by defining compensation and its components, including monetary rewards, non-monetary rewards, and psychological rewards. It then discusses the rationale for variable compensation systems and three forms of productivity-based compensation arrangements: time rate systems, payment-by-result, and franchising/joint venture arrangements. The document analyzes the implications of these arrangements in the Philippines, including effects on employment, wages, labor costs, and the informal sector.
The document discusses several concepts related to production analysis including:
1. It defines total production, marginal product, and average product, and explains the law of variable proportions.
2. It describes the three stages in the law of variable proportions and the causes of increasing returns.
3. It explains the law of returns to scale and how output responds to changes in inputs at constant, increasing, and diminishing returns to scale.
4. It discusses economies of scale and the internal and external economies that firms can achieve through expansion.
A leadership intervention for mining-Scrum Production FlowHendrik Lourens
Must you continue living on a knife edge or will you make mining work? Good leadership trumps any intervention known to consultants.
See more at https://www.stratflow.com.au
Este documento proporciona una lista de las 1000 palabras más utilizadas en inglés y su traducción al español. La lista incluye las palabras en inglés ordenadas de más a menos utilizadas, junto con su equivalente traducción al español.
Ct 018 Analisis De Redes Con Componentes SiméTricasF Blanco
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Este documento trata sobre electroneumática. Explica que el control de las válvulas será eléctrico y que las válvulas son servoaccionadas para requerir menos tensión. También describe diferentes técnicas para controlar circuitos electroneumáticos como relés, microprocesadores y PLC. Además, incluye ejemplos de circuitos neumáticos y eléctricos para el control de actuadores lineales de simple y doble efecto. Por último, proporciona instrucciones para prácticas de montaje de estos sistem
Cont Cables Para Instrumentacion Y Control CentelsaF Blanco
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El documento describe las puertas lógicas básicas utilizadas en sistemas digitales, incluyendo las puertas AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR y XNOR. Explica sus símbolos, tablas de verdad y circuitos equivalentes, destacando que estas puertas son los bloques de construcción básicos de los sistemas digitales y operan con números binarios.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los circuitos digitales. Explica definiciones básicas de electrónica, la diferencia entre electrónica analógica y digital, y describe brevemente los componentes clave de los circuitos digitales como compuertas lógicas. También resume el desarrollo histórico de la electrónica digital desde sus inicios hasta la invención del transistor.
Codificacion E Identificacion Pares TelefonicosF Blanco
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial. Muchos países experimentaron caídas récord en el PIB y aumentos masivos en el desempleo en 2020 debido a los bloqueos y cierres. A medida que se implementan las vacunas, se espera que la economía mundial comience a recuperarse en 2021, aunque el panorama sigue siendo incierto.
This document provides concise summaries of op amp circuits in 3 sentences or less. It begins with basic circuits like inverting amplifiers and summing amplifiers. It then covers signal generation circuits like sine wave oscillators and function generators. The remainder of the document summarizes various signal processing circuits including instrumentation amplifiers, filters, and non-linear circuits.
Este documento describe los conceptos básicos de los circuitos eléctricos, incluyendo la corriente eléctrica, la tensión, la resistencia, la ley de Ohm, y cómo se conectan resistencias en serie y paralelo. También cubre temas como la energía eléctrica, la corriente alterna, los condensadores, los inductores y los transformadores. Explica los fundamentos teóricos necesarios para comprender el funcionamiento de los circuitos eléctricos.
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Este documento presenta varios circuitos electrónicos, incluyendo un contador de anillos para lámparas LED, un disparador secundario de flash utilizando un transistor 2N3055, y una fuente simétrica de hasta 20V construida a partir de una fuente simple. También describe circuitos como un receptor de banda ciudadana que opera en 27MHz, un temporizador multipropósito, y un elevador de octava para modificar la tonalidad de voz o instrumentos musicales.
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El documento presenta descripciones breves de varios circuitos electrónicos, incluyendo un intervalador para limpiaparabrisas, un generador de ruido blanco, y un fotovibrato. Cada circuito incluye un diagrama y una explicación de su funcionamiento y componentes clave.
Este documento presenta un resumen de cálculo eléctrico de líneas. En corriente continua, solo la resistencia R causa caída de tensión. En corriente alterna, la inductancia L y capacitancia C también juegan un papel. La caída de tensión en líneas cortas depende de la resistencia R y reactancia X. Incluso cuando el consumidor es solo resistivo, la línea consume potencia reactiva debido a X. Si la carga es capacitiva, es posible que la tensión en el receptor sea mayor que la del
This paper presents a controller for regulating the voltages of a split capacitor used in a four-wire selective active power filter. The controller balances the voltages of the two capacitors while also controlling the total voltage. A model is derived showing the dynamics of the total voltage and difference between capacitor voltages are decoupled, simplifying the controller design. Simulations and experiments show the benefits of regulating both the total voltage and balancing the capacitor voltages for four-wire active power filtering.
This paper presents a controller for regulating the voltages of a split capacitor used in a four-wire selective active power filter. The controller balances the voltages of the two capacitors while also controlling the total voltage. A dynamic model is derived showing the capacitor voltage dynamics are decoupled, simplifying the controller design. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the benefits of regulating both the total voltage and voltage balance with the proposed controller.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Productivity The Path To Prosperity
1. JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE
JIM SAXTON, CHAIRMAN RESEARCH REPORT #109-39
June 2006
PRODUCTIVITY: THE PATH TO PROSPERITY
Productivity may be the most important Labor productivity measures the ratio of
economic measure because rising productivity economic output to labor hours worked to
will result in a more prosperous future. In the produce that output. If the average American
mid-1990s, there was an up-tick in the rate of is to enjoy a higher standard of living in the
productivity growth, as shown in Figure 1. future, then future workers must produce
Will this favorable trend continue? more economic output for every labor hour
than today’s workers.
This paper highlights: why productivity is
important; what drives productivity growth; Consider a farmer who increases wheat
why productivity began to surge in the mid- production from 50 bushels an acre to 100
1990s; and whether productivity will continue bushels an acre by using advanced cultivation
to increase at a robust rate. methods or high-yield plants. All other things
equal – the cost of inputs, the amount of effort
The importance of productivity expended by the farmer or the sales price of
wheat – the additional 50 bushels of wheat
Strong productivity growth is important produced make the farmer wealthier. The
because it allows one to answer the following same is true of increasing labor productivity
question in the affirmative: In the future, will in the economy as a whole. Higher
the U.S. be wealthier? productivity increases the return to labor and
Figure 1. Productivity Growth Index: 1973-2005
Nonfinancial Corporate Sector
160
From 1996 to 2005, the annual
growth rate more than doubled
to an average of 3.52%
140
Productivity Index (1992=100)
Trend line 1996-2005
120
From 1973 to 1995, productivity grew
at an average annual rate of 1.46%
100
Trend line 1973-1995
80
60
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20
73 75 77 79 81 83 85 8 7 89 9 1 93 95 97 99 0 1 03 05
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics/Haver Analytics. Because of the difficulty measuring output in some
sectors of the economy, many economists prefer the nonfinancial corporate sector productivity statistic.
Joint Economic Committee – 433 Cannon House Office Building – (202) 226-3234 – www.house.gov/jec
2. JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE 2
capital that can be spent on current dramatic “delayering” of corporate America
consumption or saved for the future. All reduced the number of management personnel
things equal, the faster labor productivity required to produce any given level of output.
increases, the faster a society becomes richer.
Frequently, a new business practice can
Increasing productivity will become make use of a new technology to supercharge
especially important in the future. The productivity growth. For example,
average worker will need to be more manufacturing firms, transportation
productive because the labor force will not companies and retail outlets can collaborate
grow as quickly as it has in the past. Baby throughout the entire supply chain to adjust
boomers will begin retiring shortly and, in production and shipments according to real-
order to maintain or improve the current time data collected at the retail register. In
standard of living, those still active in the this way, a business practice like just-in-time
labor force will need to produce more inventory can be enhanced by computer
economic output per hour of work. technology and electronic transactions.
The sources of productivity growth Increasing the stock of capital relative to
the stock of labor is another source of
There are several sources of productivity productivity growth. In recent years, as a
growth. The first is technological innovation. result of the increasing investments in
A classic example of a technological information technology (IT), capital inputs
innovation boosting productivity is the have increased more quickly than labor
application of the internal combustion engine inputs. This phenomenon is called capital
to farming. A farmer with a tractor can plow deepening and is estimated to contribute
more acreage in one hour than a farmer with a between one third to one half of the growth in
horse. The increase in the number of acres productivity.
plowed per hour of farmer labor would
register as a large increase in productivity. The foregoing origins of productivity
While the list of core technologies invented in growth are probably the most noteworthy, but
the late 19th and early 20th centuries is there are other factors that can influence
relatively short, the application of those productivity. A well-educated, high-skilled
technologies to manufacturing, farming, workforce enhances productivity. On the
housing and domestic production is extensive. other hand, some economic historians have
Some economists argue that the application of noted that large waves of immigration may
the late 19th and early 20th century inventions have lowered aggregate productivity. This is
created one large wave of robust productivity because immigrants who arrived in large
growth up to the 1970s. waves had relatively few skills and, as a
result, produced less economic output per
A change in business practices or hour than high-skilled labor. (Recall that
corporate organization is the second source of labor productivity is measured in economic
productivity growth. The industry detail on output per hour. The value of the output of a
productivity trends reveals that the retailing minimum wage worker would be significantly
sector has experienced a surge in output per less than, say, an engineer.)
worker. This can be partially attributed to the
advent of the so-called big-box stores that can Given that technological innovation, new
sell goods at lower cost. Just-in-time delivery business practices and capital deepening can
of inventory is another type of business boost productivity, what effect have
practice that boosted productivity. The computers and communication advances had
Committee – – 433 Cannon House Office Building – (202) 226-3234 – www.house.gov/jec
3. JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE 3
on productivity? Until around 1995, the Then, the productivity data in the mid-
answer was: not much. 1990s showed a distinct increase in the rate of
productivity growth.
Trends in productivity growth
That IT had played a major role in the
Starting around 1973, economists noticed a productivity surge after 1995 is little in
drop in the rate of productivity growth. Some dispute. Many economists and analysts felt
economists have argued that by 1973, the vindicated that investments in IT – computers,
benefits from the technological innovations in software and communication equipment – had
the previous century were exhausted. There finally become evident. As the economy
is, however, no consensus about the cause of grew and productivity increased, there was
the productivity growth slowdown. 1 The talk about IT ushering in the “New Economy”
post-1973 productivity slump was a puzzle, and its attendant benefits of low inflation, low
but a more troubling mystery was why the unemployment and increasing wealth. Early
benefits of IT were not evident in the in the trend, while the economy was racking
productivity measures. In 1987, Nobel Prize- up impressive productivity statistics through
winning economist Robert Solow quipped the late 1990s, two perspectives seemed to
that computers were everywhere except in the dominate the discussions about the extent to
productivity statistics. which IT boosted the productivity gains and
Figure 2. Growth in IT Investment and Labor Productivity
20
Compound Annual Growth Rate Percent
18 16.6
16
14
12
10 9.3
8
6
4 2.5
2 1.4
0
1987-1995 1995-2000 1987-1995 1995-2000
Growth in nominal IT Growth in labor
investment productivity*
Source: McKinsey Global Institute. "U.S. Productivity Growth: 1995-2000." October
2001; Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of Economic Analysis for source data.
* Excludes output from farms and government
whether future gains would be as robust. For
Committee – – 433 Cannon House Office Building – (202) 226-3234 – www.house.gov/jec
4. JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE 4
want of better terms, these two groups are
called the “skeptics” – those who question the Until the recession of 2001, the skeptics
existence of the New Economy – and the seemed to have the data on their side, but then
“optimists,” who expect IT to continue to the unexpected happened. While productivity
boost productivity well into the future. did decline as the economy tilted into
recession – productivity growth slows as the
The skeptics stressed that the individual rate of economic growth diminishes because
industries registering the gains were narrowly economic output drops more quickly than
focused: almost all of the productivity surge worker hours – it didn’t slow to the extent
could be ascribed to the IT-producing expected and it quickly recovered.
industries and wholesale and retail trade. The Productivity growth did not return to the
skeptics argued that future productivity lackluster 1973-1995 trend. Furthermore, the
growth would slow. One source of percentage share of GDP attributed to IT-
productivity growth in retailing – the producing industries fell from 2000 to 2004,
movement to the big-box store format – was a making it more difficult to argue that IT-
one-time gain that couldn’t be repeated. producing industries were leading the
Moreover, if the New Economy existed, one productivity gains, as they did in the late
would see gains in all industries that used IT. 1990s.
After all, computers were supposed to make
all firms more efficient. 2 It could be argued that these productivity
Figure 3. Contribution to Productivity Acceleration
from 1995 to 1999 by Industry Sector
2.5
0.07 0.01
0.12
Compound Average Growth Rate
2 0.17
0.25
1.5 0.34
0.37 2.32
1
0.5 0.99
0
Productivity Wholesale Retail Security and Semi-conductors Computers Telecom Net of other 53 Productivity
growth trade trade commodity (electronic and (industrial services industrial growth
1987-1995 brokers electric machinery) sectors 1995-1999
equipment)
Source: McKinsey Global Institute. "U.S. Productivity Growth 1995-2000." October 2001; Bureau of
Economic Analysis for source data.
Committee – – 433 Cannon House Office Building – (202) 226-3234 – www.house.gov/jec
5. JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE 5
gains were a result of the dramatic corporate the economic return associated with each
cost-cutting following the 2001 recession. If transaction or to greatly reduce the time
so, then the post-1995 productivity boost may required to complete a transaction.
not last. On the other hand, if the boost can
be attributed to continued application of IT in It takes a large investment in equipment,
IT-using industries, then productivity may software, training, reorganizing, as well as a
continue to grow at a robust rate. multiple-year time commitment, for a
corporation to realize all the benefits of IT.
The future of productivity growth This, the productivity optimists say, is the
reason it took so long for productivity
At issue is the degree and rate of measures to reflect the investment in IT and,
technological diffusion of IT, how well more importantly, why productivity growth
organizations leverage IT applications in their will persist. Just as it took decades for
business practices and the extent to which IT electricity and electric motors to find
boosts the economic return to labor. While widespread applications, it will take many
computers, internet connections and e- years for corporations to reconfigure business
commerce are all well entrenched in processes to tap all of the potential benefits
businesses and homes, many IT applications associated with IT. 3
merely substitute one type of human
transaction for another and, as a result, don’t The optimists would hasten to add,
necessarily boost productivity. The recent big however, that some of the productivity gains
productivity bounce results from increasing may be hard-won. Markets that are distorted
Figure 4. Sources of U.S. Productivity Acceleration
3.5
3.0
0.52
Average Annual Percentage
2.5
0.28
0.34
2.0
-0.09 0.52
1.5 0 3.06
1.0
1.49
0.5
0.0
Productivity Cyclical Labor quality Capital Capital Total Factor Total Factor Productivity
growth effect deepening, deepening, Productivity, Productivity, growth
1973-1995 IT-related non-IT-related IT-related non-IT-related 1995-2003
Source: Jorgenson, Dale W., Mun S. Ho and Kevin J. Stiroh. "Will the U.S. Productivity Resurgence
Continue?" December 2004. Data are for the U.S. private economy. Jorgensen, Mun and Stiroh use a
more comprehensive productivity measure than the one used in the official BLS statistics.
Committee – – 433 Cannon House Office Building – (202) 226-3234 – www.house.gov/jec
6. JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE 6
by regulations or monopolistic associations Conclusion
will hinder or even prevent many of the most
significant gains. Employees or professions The U.S. has enjoyed strong productivity
that currently serve a mediating function in growth over the last ten years. This will help
economic transactions will have to adapt to a alleviate the economic pressures of an aging
changing marketplace. For example, booking population and it bodes well for a widespread
travel on the internet greatly reduced the need increase in the standard of living for the
for travel agents to act as the “middleman” average American. In recent years, the U.S.
between airlines and customers. In a similar productivity growth rate has been appreciably
way, IT facilitated faster decision making and greater than other advanced economies. The
allowed corporations to remove unnecessary U.S. experience provides an essential
layers of management. In the future, if economic lesson. Technological progress,
market forces are allowed to work to the business innovation and the competitive
benefit of all consumers, the manner in which forces of the market drive an increasing level
real estate and automobiles are bought and of prosperity.
sold will also undergo dramatic restructuring.
Regulations, barriers to entry and
1
disincentives to innovate stifle productivity More detailed industry data reveals that productivity
changes from 1973-1995 were not uniform. Productivity
growth and economic dynamism. A study by growth for durable goods manufacturing, for example,
the McKinsey Global Institute compared increased at a respectable rate.
productivity and economic performance
2
across countries and concluded that limiting See “Exploding Productivity Growth: Context, Causes, and
Implications” (2003) and other papers by Robert Gordon for
government’s interference in the market and discussions by an economist who might be described as
removing regulations that protect special skeptical of the “New Economy.”
economic interests were critically important 3
See The Past and the Future of America’s Economy by
policies for boosting productivity growth. 4 Robert D. Atkinson (2004) for a historical overview of
technological progress and productivity from an “optimistic”
Compared to other industrial powers, the perspective.
U.S. has enjoyed significantly better 4
See The Power of Productivity: Wealth, Poverty and the
productivity growth and economic Threat to Global Stability by William W. Lewis (2004) and
performance. This is largely because the U.S. “U.S. Productivity Growth: 1995-2000” by McKinsey Global
is less burdened by regulations and the Institute (2001).
influence of special economic interests.
European regulations, in contrast, prevent
efficient big-box stores from operating.
French state regulations mollycoddle labor at
the cost of productivity growth. The short-
term gain of labor protection today may come
at a devastating social cost in the future
because, compared to the U.S., France will
have a relatively smaller active labor force.
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