The document discusses product ethics and provides an overview of an "ethical stack" framework to help product teams systematically consider the ethical implications of their work. It introduces the ethical stack model, which includes layers such as affordances, duties, values, consequences, stakeholders, and moral contexts to identify the morally salient aspects of a product. The document advocates applying this framework alongside existing considerations of business, user needs, and technology when developing products.

1. Product Values
Ethical Considerations
openware

2. product
/ˈprɒdʌkt/

3. What is a Product?
• a thing or person that is the result of an action
or process
«The product is so good it sells itself»

4. What is a Product?
• A product is the item offered for sale. A
product can be a service or an item. It can be
physical or in virtual or cyber form.
• Every product is made at a cost and each is
sold at a price.

5. What is a Product?
• A product is the item offered for sale. A
product can be a service or an item. It can be
physical or in virtual or cyber form.
• Every product is made at a cost and each
is sold at a price.

7. Modern Capitalism
• Modern capitalist society is a term used to describe
a type of capitalist society in which a capitalist
class of "new elites" and "old elites" concerned with
maximizing their wealth secures a political
system that serves and protects their interests,
leading to the development of a wage-earning class.

8. Modern Capitalism
• A common feature of
modern cpitalism in all
parts of the world is the
growth of managerial,
administrative, and
professional
occupations.

10. Pyramid of Capitalist
System

12. Global Warming Signs
Why are glaciers important?
• Ice acts like a protective cover
over the Earth and our oceans.
• These bright white spots reflect
excess heat back into space and
keep the planet cooler.
• In theory, the Arctic remains
colder than the equator because
more of the heat from the sun is
reflected off the ice, back into
space.

13. Are the Effects of Global Warming
Really that Bad?
• Short answer: YES!
• Even a seemingly slight average temperature rise is
enough to cause a dramatic transformation of our
planet.

14. Ecosystem Pollution

15. Ecosystem Pollution
Five and a half degrees Fahrenheit:
• More frequent and severe weather
• Higher death rates
• Dirtier air
• Higher wildlife extinction rates
• More acidic oceans
• Higher sea levels
• But this isn’t the end of the story

18. Modern
slavery must
be
acknowledged
so it can be
stopped!

19. Modern Slavery is Real and 50,3 Million People are Trapped | Time

20. THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU

22. What is Ethics?
• Ethics or moral philosophy is a
branchof philosophy that "involves systematizing,
defending, and recommending concepts of right and
wrong behavior".
• The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns
matters of value; these fields comprise the branch of
philosophy called axiology.

23. Product Ethical Stack
• Technology products shape the
world we live in.
• They define actions we can make
and influence how we interpret the
world.
• Even the most seemingly innocuous
product — say Instagram, or
Pinterest — affects our behaviour in
ethically relevant ways.

24. Product Ethical Stack
• Nevertheless, few product teams include ethics
explicitly in their decision-making, nor are there
shared frameworks for doing so.
• What’s missing is a conceptual bridge between
product strategy and ethics.

25. Product Ethical Stack
• Product teams make the day-to-day decisions about
the business, design and technology elements
comprising their products, and these decisions often
have significant ethical implications.
• There needs to be a mental models update, enabling
product teams to have productive dialogues about
ethics.

26. Yet rarely do product teams talk about
ethics, and seldom do these conversations
influence product strategy and product
design — except for example, when there is
a legal requirement, for example with data
privacy laws.

27. Product Ethical Stack
• The first step we’are
suggesting is updating
the core model of
product people:
business, technology
and user, to include
ethics.

28. Product Ethical Stack
• The new mental model we’ll like to add into your
conceptual portfolio is the idea of an ethical stack.
• The ethical stack includes all of the components of
ethics which are linked to the integrity of your
product: affordances, duties, values, consequences,
stakeholders and moral contexts. Each layer of the
stack helps identify the morally salient aspects of
your product.

29. ETHICAL STACK
CONTEXT
STAKEHOLDERS
CONSEQUENCES
VALUES
DUTIES
AFFORDANCES

30. PRODUCT ETHICS CANVAS
CONTEXT
STAKEHOLDERS
CONSEQUENCES
VALUES
DUTIES
AFFORDANCES
BUSINESS STRATEGY
PRODUCT FEATURES & PRODUCT DESIGN
USER & MARKET
INSIGHTS
STRATEGIC
INTERVENTIONS
COMMUNICATIONS
DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
FESATURES
PRIOTIZATION
PURPOSE / MISSION
TECHNOLOGIES
SYSTEM MODEL

34. Business Ethics
• Dynamics of ethics in society and the dynamics of
business ethics in the marketplace.
• Ethics and business ethics constructs are dependent
upon two principal parameters:
• time and culture.

35. Business Ethics
• Eventually, ethics and business ethics are about what is
perceived as acceptable or unacceptable at a specific
time and in a specific cultural setting.
• What was ethical yesterday may not be ethical today, and
what is ethical today may not be ethical tomorrow.
• Furthermore, both the company’s view and the views of
others may determine what is acceptable or
unacceptable in business ethics.

36. Business Ethics
• This is a social construction that may differ between
the parties involved in a specific context.

37. Learning
Organization
Lean
Thinking
Agile
Approaches
Scrum, XP, Kanban, LeSS …
More
value
/
philosophical
More
prescriptive
Applicability > ETHICS
Advancing /
Deepening /
Improving

40. Craftmanship Manifesto
ETHICS

41. Craftmanship Culture

42. Ethics in SW Development
• The ethical issues & considerations in SW development are
foundamental and well discussed in the work of the
«Manifesto for Agile SW Development» signers.
• Examples are the books: «Clean Coders», «Software
Craftmanship» …
• See also «Heart of Agile» (by Cockburn) and «Modern Agile»
(by J. Kiriewsky)

43. Ethics in SW Development
• Software plays an integral role in society.
• Let’s look at ethics for software engineers and how
to implement new technology responsibly.

44. Software Engineering Code of Ethics
• The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional
Practice outlines eight principles related to the behaviour of
and decisions made by software engineers, and identifies
ethical obligations to which they must adhere.

45. Software Engineering Code of Ethics

46. Why SW engineering ethics are
important

47. Why SW engineering ethics are
important
Software should be looked upon as a tool
to help our (holistic) society function more
efficiently

48. Why SW engineering ethics are
important

49. Why SW engineering ethics are
important
Adhering to your own personal ethics isn’t enough

50. Why SW engineering ethics are
important

51. Why SW engineering ethics are
important
Ethics make certain that systems use high-quality,
reliable software that is beneficial and
accessible to everyone.

57. Location

61. LET’S START
THANK YOU
fabio.armani@italianagilemovement.it