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If you wanna know what and how much
PRODUCT ANALYSIS
Loro Francesco
TAIEX Mission Expert 58608
Podgoriza – April 2015
Recovery of MW fractions
What is recoverable? Everything (in theory)
Does an installation need? (and what?)
Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis
BIODEGRADABLE W
PAPER
GLASS
METALS
PLASTICS
BIODEGRADABLE W
PAPER
GLASS
METALS
PLASTICS
How much
in your MW?
How much
in your MW?
t
PRODUCT ANALYSIS
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Hazardous Municipal Waste
EWC DESCRIPTION PLACE
20 01 31* cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines (AND 200132 medicines other than those mentioned in 200131)
20 01 33*
batteries and accumulators included in 160601,160602 or 160603 and unsorted batteries and accumulators
containing these batteries (AND 200134 batteries and accumulators other than those mentioned in 200133)
20 01 13* solvents
20 01 14* acids
20 01 15* alkalines
20 01 17* photochemicals
20 01 19* pesticides
20 01 21* fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste
20 01 23* discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons
20 01 26* oil and fat other than those mentioned in 200125 (AND 200125 edible oil and fat)
20 01 27*
paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing dangerous substances (AND 200128 paint, inks, adhesives and
resins other than those mentioned in 200127)
20 01 29*
detergents containing dangerous substances (AND 200130 detergents other than those mentioned in
200129)
20 01 37* wood containing dangerous substances (AND 200138 wood other than that mentioned in 200137)
15 01 10* packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances
15 02 02*
absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths,protective clothing
contaminated by dangerous substances
20 01 35*
discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 200123 containing
hazardous components (AND 200136 discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those
mentioned in 200121, 200123 and 200135)
producers,
collection centres
MW of
Chapt. 16
various collection centres
stores, shops
collection centres
collection centres
Street collection of
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Collection centres
The most important place (for households only):
- to collect hazardous municipal waste
- to prevent waste abandon
- to protect waste quality (separated fractions for recovery)
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9
References (1)
European references for waste sampling:
EN 14899:2005 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials -
Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan (01/12/2005)
CEN/TR 15310:2006 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials –
01/11/2006 (5 parts)
UNI EN 15002:2006 Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions
from the laboratory sample (25/05/2006)
EN 14899:2005 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials -
Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan (01/12/2005)
CEN/TR 15310:2006 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials –
01/11/2006 (5 parts)
UNI EN 15002:2006 Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions
from the laboratory sample (25/05/2006)
..and also many standards for analysis..and also many standards for analysis
standard in Italy: UNI 10802:2013
many problems about applicability: therefore a new sampling
methods was created – based on standard
for specific waste type (and target) was created special methods:
residual MW
non-reusable fraction from mechanic selection
MW organic fraction
bulky waste
References (2)
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How to know
the quality of waste
PRODUCT
ANALYSIS
CHEMICALANALYSIS
Non diffused
Problems on sample representativeness
and preparation
Product analysis (1)
It is a waste classification in different
product categories and it is based on
manual separation and weighing of
different waste type present.
Was used in ’76-’79 for studies on energy
Definition and history
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Standard Methods
ASTM (USA)
WSL (UK)
ERRA (UE)
ADEME (F)
IPLA (IT)
Developed for product
analysis on specific type of
product therefore these
methods are difficult to apply
in general cases
Product analysis (2)
1. definition of target and plan:
• sampling method
• categories to separate
2. sampling:
• critical phase for representativeness
• various
3. product analysis:
• manual separation in categories
• from target: many type of categories
4. processing of results
Product analysis: operational phases
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TO KNOW % of organic components in residual MW and % of
the other recovery franctions
• Separated collection efficiency
• Disposal in landfill without treatment
Case Study: target
• spatial sampling
• analysis of a random waste
transport
• time interval
Sampling of waste
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Variables to consider:
- inhabitants number
- territorial features (historical centre, residential zone,
commercial, industrial, etc)
- collection system
- similar waste collection system and criteria
- cyclical variations
- domestic composting
Spatial sampling (1)
- greed
- transept
- zoning districts (mix)
Spatial sampling (2)
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Case Study: sample extraction
1. quartering method
2. diagonal method
3. stochastic method
The sample collected is lay on analysis place
sample preparation (100-200 Kg) for selection with:
keep
keepdiscard
discard
sample
discard
discard
sample
h= 30 cm w= 0,75-1 t
h= 30 cm w= 1,5-2 t
case study: quartering
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sample
lenght: 4 m
width: 30 cm
weight: 1,5-2 t
Case Study: diagonal
A number of bags is
taken in proportion
to get sample for
analysis
Case Study: stochasticstochasticstochasticstochastic
About 200 Kg (every 2 t)
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It is based on manual separation and weighing of
separated fractions
tipically
- Organic and putrescible fraction
- recoverable dry fractions
- hazardous MW
- residual MW
Case Study: analysis
• according to targets
• according to time
• according to costs
Case Study: categories
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• weighing of sample
• opening of bags
• manual separation in
classes
• weighing of fractions
• data processing (in %)
Case Study: analysis (2)
Case Study: results
Categorie
merceologiche
del RUR
MEDIA 2003
(% in peso)
MINIMO
(% in peso)
MASSIMO
(% in peso)
DEVIAZIONE
STANDARD
(% in peso)
MEDIA 2002
(% in peso)
MOP 11,95 1,18 32,57 7,10 15,73
FSR 31,84 14,23 58,26 9,70 30,09
RUP 0,60 0,00 14,02 1,45 0,38
SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 0,07 4,65 0,89 4,08
SECCO NON
RICICLABILE
54,36 21,28 81,03 14,18 49,72
Totale 100,00 - - - 100,00
Tabella 1 - Medie delle percentuali per le 5 classi merceologiche del RUR.
Categorie
merceologiche
del RUR
MEDIA 2003
(% in peso)
MINIMO
(% in peso)
MASSIMO
(% in peso)
DEVIAZIONE
STANDARD
(% in peso)
MEDIA 2002
(% in peso)
MOP 11,95 1,18 32,57 7,10 15,73
FSR 31,84 14,23 58,26 9,70 30,09
RUP 0,60 0,00 14,02 1,45 0,38
SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 0,07 4,65 0,89 4,08
SECCO NON
RICICLABILE
54,36 21,28 81,03 14,18 49,72
Totale 100,00 - - - 100,00
Tabella 1 - Medie delle percentuali per le 5 classi merceologiche del RUR.
Categorie
merceologiche
del RUR
PORTA A PORTA
(% in peso)
CASSONETTO
(% in peso)
MOP 9,71 23,00
FSR 29,49 42,46
RUP 0,60 0,61
SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 1,23
SECCO NON
RICICLABILE
59,08 35,03
Totale 100.00 100.00
Tabella 2 - Medie delle percentuali per classi merceologiche in funzione del sistema di raccolta.
Categorie
merceologiche
del RUR
PORTA A PORTA
(% in peso)
CASSONETTO
(% in peso)
MOP 9,71 23,00
FSR 29,49 42,46
RUP 0,60 0,61
SOTTOVAGLIO 1,25 1,23
SECCO NON
RICICLABILE
59,08 35,03
Totale 100.00 100.00
Tabella 2 - Medie delle percentuali per classi merceologiche in funzione del sistema di raccolta.
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CATEGORIE SOTTOCATEGORIE SPECIFICAZIONI
Putrescibile da cucina Residui di cucina, cotti e crudi.MOP Materiale
Organico
Putrescibile
Putrescibile da giardino Foglie, erba escluse le matrici legnose.
Carta e cartone Quotidiani, riviste, pubblicità, libri, agende.
Salviette di carta* Fazzoletti di carta e simili, carta cucina.
biodegradabile
Legno Pannelli truciolari e legno non trattati,
ramaglie.
rigidePlastiche
film
Vari contenitori per liquidi PET, PVC, PE;
inoltre altri materiali a seconda delle vigenti
disposizioni di Co.Re.Pla, pellicole, buste e
sacchetti in plastica, imballaggi in schiuma
di polistirene (PS).
Vetro Vetro trasparente, vetro colorato, altro
vetro.
Alluminio recuperabile,
metalli ferrosi e non ferrosi
Inerti Ceramica, porcellana, altro.
RIFIUTORECUPERABILE
FSR Frazione
Secca
Riciclabile
(intercettabile
con i circuiti di
"raccolta
differenziata")
nonbiodegradabile
Case Study: product categories (1)
Pile
Farmaci scaduti e rifiuti
ospedalieri
Termometri, farmaci scaduti.
Accumulatori esausti
RIFIUTO
PERICOLOSO
RUP Rifiuto Urbano
Pericoloso
Contenitori etichettati T/F
(tossici e infiammabili)
Altro non riciclabile
RIFIUTO
SECCONON
RICICLABILE
S Secco non riciclabile
Pannolini e assorbenti
Frazione rimanente non recuperabile e non
riciclabile, contenitori in tetrapak, gomma,
nylon, ed altro.
SOTTOVAGLIO
SV Sottovaglio Frazione minuta inferiore ai 20 mm.
Pile
Farmaci scaduti e rifiuti
ospedalieri
Termometri, farmaci scaduti.
Accumulatori esausti
RIFIUTO
PERICOLOSO
RUP Rifiuto Urbano
Pericoloso
Contenitori etichettati T/F
(tossici e infiammabili)
Altro non riciclabile
RIFIUTO
SECCONON
RICICLABILE
S Secco non riciclabile
Pannolini e assorbenti
Frazione rimanente non recuperabile e non
riciclabile, contenitori in tetrapak, gomma,
nylon, ed altro.
SOTTOVAGLIO
SV Sottovaglio Frazione minuta inferiore ai 20 mm.
Case Study: product categories (2)
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BACINO:
COMUNE:
Modalità di raccolta (% di utenze):
Luogo di campionamento:
Data di esecuzione analisi:
Tecnici presenti all'analisi:
Tempo di esecuzione dell'analisi:
Metodo di campionamento:
Legenda bio
pa
sr
s
sv
A.R.P.A.V ORR-ORC
ANALISI MERCEOLOGICA DEL RIFIUTO URBANO RESIDUO
secco recuperabile
pannolini e assorbenti
secco non recuperabile
sottovaglio
forsu+verde+carta+legno+tessili
BACINO:
COMUNE:
Modalità di raccolta (% di utenze):
Luogo di campionamento:
Data di esecuzione analisi:
Tecnici presenti all'analisi:
Tempo di esecuzione dell'analisi:
Metodo di campionamento:
Legenda bio
pa
sr
s
sv
A.R.P.A.V ORR-ORC
ANALISI MERCEOLOGICA DEL RIFIUTO URBANO RESIDUO
secco recuperabile
pannolini e assorbenti
secco non recuperabile
sottovaglio
forsu+verde+carta+legno+tessili
Rifiuto
Urbano
Residuo
SACCHI
(n°)
PESO
LORDO
(kg)
LOTTO
(n°)
SACCHI
(n°)
PESO
LORDO
(kg)
LOTTO
(n°)
SACCHI
(n°)
PESO
LORDO
(kg)
1 38 75
2 39 76
3 40 77
4 41 78
5 42 79
6 43 80
7 44 81
8 45 82
9 46 83
10 47 84
11 48 85
12 49 86
13 50 87
Rifiuto
Urbano
Residuo
SACCHI
(n°)
PESO
LORDO
(kg)
LOTTO
(n°)
SACCHI
(n°)
PESO
LORDO
(kg)
LOTTO
(n°)
SACCHI
(n°)
PESO
LORDO
(kg)
1 38 75
2 39 76
3 40 77
4 41 78
5 42 79
6 43 80
7 44 81
8 45 82
9 46 83
10 47 84
11 48 85
12 49 86
13 50 87
initial
sample
Case Study: form (1)
Case Study: form
Carico
bio lordo
(kg)
Carico
pa lordo
(kg)
Carico
sr lordo
(kg)
Carico
s lordo
(kg)
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15
TARA: TARA: TARA: TARA:
Osservazioni sul sottovaglio:
SOTTOVAGLIO (kg)
lordo tara
Carico
bio lordo
(kg)
Carico
pa lordo
(kg)
Carico
sr lordo
(kg)
Carico
s lordo
(kg)
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
11 11 11 11
12 12 12 12
13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14
15 15 15 15
TARA: TARA: TARA: TARA:
Osservazioni sul sottovaglio:
SOTTOVAGLIO (kg)
lordo tara
separated
fractions
