- Proctor & Gamble was founded in 1837 and introduced many pioneering products throughout its history such as Ivory soap in 1879 and Crest toothpaste in 1955. - In the 1950s, P&G shifted from a product grouping structure to a matrix structure in the 1980s to allow for differentiated functional activities and matrix reporting. European structure shifted from geographic grouping to category management for similar reasons. - These structures were integrated into a global cube in the 1990s to take advantage of opportunities in new markets and drive innovation, growth, and efficiencies. - Organization 2005 introduced in 2005 aimed to be a leaner organization with fewer layers, standardized processes, and three separate business