The document discusses forests and forest roads in Belarus. Pine, birch, spruce, alder, and aspen make up the majority of tree species in Belarusian forests, which cover 40% of the country. Over the past five years, Belarus has built 750 km of new forest roads as part of a government program to improve forest infrastructure, including ensuring visibility, proper transverse profiles, drainage, and engineering surveys of the land. Forests are one of Belarus's main natural resources.
This document discusses forest engineering training programs at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about:
- The university's history and accreditation as one of the oldest higher education institutions in Ukraine, established in 1874.
- Training programs in forest engineering at various levels (bachelor's, master's, post-graduate) with a focus on forest road design, construction and management.
- A multilevel and comprehensive approach to training that incorporates environmental protection principles and includes disciplines like forest transportation vehicles and practical projects.
- Examples of forest road network inspection, design, and tracking projects carried out by students in cooperation with forestry units.
The document discusses forests and forest roads in Belarus. Pine, birch, spruce, alder, and aspen make up the majority of tree species in Belarusian forests, which cover 40% of the country. Over the past five years, Belarus has built 750 km of new forest roads as part of a government program to improve forest infrastructure, including ensuring visibility, proper transverse profiles, drainage, and engineering surveys of the land. Forests are one of Belarus's main natural resources.
This document discusses forest engineering training programs at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about:
- The university's history and accreditation as one of the oldest higher education institutions in Ukraine, established in 1874.
- Training programs in forest engineering at various levels (bachelor's, master's, post-graduate) with a focus on forest road design, construction and management.
- A multilevel and comprehensive approach to training that incorporates environmental protection principles and includes disciplines like forest transportation vehicles and practical projects.
- Examples of forest road network inspection, design, and tracking projects carried out by students in cooperation with forestry units.
Pristaia english new скорочена регіональний симпозіумRadmila Ustych
The document discusses the state of forest transportation networks in Ukraine. It notes that about 4,000 km of forest roads were constructed from 2007-2014, increasing the total length by 6%. However, this is still much less than European countries, which have 40-55 km of roads per 1,000 hectares compared to Ukraine's 7.7 km. The development of forest infrastructure is a government priority, but Ukraine still needs about 250,000 additional km of forest roads to reach European standards. The document outlines the stages and techniques for forest road construction in Ukraine.
This document discusses best practices for forest road engineering to minimize environmental impact. It provides information on calculating the optimal density of road networks based on total transport costs. The document also analyzes data on road network density in Macedonia over time, finding it has increased from 2.6 m/ha in 1966 to 13.43 m/ha in 2015. Additionally, it shares data on forest road length and density within different forest management units in Macedonia.
The document discusses the state of forest roads in Serbia. It notes that Serbia has 2.25 million hectares of forested land, with about 64.7% classified as coppices and 27.5% as high forests. Forest roads are classified into primary (gravel or earth surfaced) and secondary (tractor trails) networks. The average density of primary forest roads is 7.23 m/ha in the largest public enterprise. Standards for design and construction of forest roads include minimum radii for curves, carriageway widths, slopes and passing places. Planning, design, construction and maintenance of forest roads follows set procedures but is impacted by a lack of forest road licensing and programs as well as insufficient funding and equipment.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of roads, including both positive and negative impacts. It outlines how roads can improve quality of life but also cause issues like water degradation, wildlife mortality from habitat fragmentation and vehicle collisions, invasion of exotic species, erosion, and pollution. The document provides examples of mitigation techniques like culverts, fish ladders, wildlife overpasses, and restoration efforts. It emphasizes the importance of considering environmental impacts and mitigation in all phases of road planning, design, construction, and maintenance.
11. environmentally sensitive maintenance and road closure smallRadmila Ustych
This document discusses environmentally sensitive road maintenance and closure. It outlines different styles of maintenance including routine, periodic, traditional, and environmentally sensitive maintenance. It emphasizes the importance of doing maintenance and lists various areas that require maintenance like the road surface, ditches, armoring, culverts, disposal areas, clearing, cut slopes, erosion control, and signing/safety. The document provides examples of different maintenance techniques and stresses developing a maintenance plan that identifies priorities, resources, and work sequence to properly care for the road system.
This document discusses various materials and techniques for unpaved road construction and maintenance including:
- Surfacing standards, soil and aggregate properties, aggregate design, soil stabilization, compaction, and quality control testing.
- Stabilizers and dust suppressants including cement, lime, asphalt and organic products.
- Aggregate surface design considerations for different traffic levels and soil bearing capacities.
- The importance of drainage, separation/reinforcement, compaction, and using local quarry materials followed by reclamation.
- Key factors for unpaved roads include soil and traffic analysis, selecting the proper standard, using suitable gradation and stabilization, quality control, and drainage.
The document discusses various erosion control methods including physical, vegetative, biotechnical methods and controlling gullies. The goals are to control water flow and restore the soil's ability to absorb water like a sponge. It also discusses developing an erosion control and revegetation plan, including assessing the site conditions, selecting appropriate plant species, implementing measures, and providing ongoing maintenance. The key is to minimize disturbance, control water flow, use local materials, cover areas quickly, and rehabilitate progressively.
This document discusses various methods for slope stabilization, including avoiding unstable areas, preventing instability through proper cut and fill slopes, and stabilizing existing slides. It covers the use of vegetation and drainage for prevention and stabilization, as well as structural approaches like gabions, retaining walls, reinforced fills, soil nails and anchors when stabilization is needed. The key messages are to use commonly stable slope angles, understand why failures occur, select the least costly effective stabilization measure, and ensure structures are founded on stable ground.
This document discusses various methods of drainage for surfaces and subsurface areas, including natural channel crossings using culverts or bridges, low-water crossings of meadows, outlets and inlets for ditches, leadoff ditches, switchbacks for steep grades, over-side drains, meadow crossings, addressing springs and wet areas using corduroy roads or underdrains, and using filter blankets. Proper drainage is important, as highlighted techniques can address surface and subsurface drainage needs on managed lands.
This document discusses the design and aspects of low-water crossings, which are fords or drifts used to cross waterways. It notes that low-water crossings should be considered where flows fluctuate, traffic is low, delays are acceptable, and the channel is broad and flat. The key aspects of design include ensuring structural capacity and hydraulic capacity for high and low flows, protecting the structure from scouring, providing traffic control and safety features, and selecting materials that are compatible with the site and allow for aquatic organism passage. Proper design is emphasized to avoid problems and keep the stream functioning well.
The document discusses natural drainage crossings and culverts, including issues like culvert failures, fish passage barriers, and climate change vulnerability. It also examines strategies to maintain stream ecosystem connectivity, accommodate floods and debris, and use techniques like stream simulation to design long-lasting crossings.
The document outlines the environmental analysis process that is required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for projects funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The 8-step process includes: 1) identifying the proposed action, 2) scoping potential issues and effects, 3) collecting data on factors that will be considered, 4) designing alternatives, 5) evaluating the effects of each alternative, 6) comparing the alternatives, 7) making a decision and getting public review, and 8) implementing and monitoring the chosen alternative. USAID developed procedures in 1975 to comply with NEPA, requiring identification and mitigation of environmental impacts before funding decisions are made.
This document discusses forest engineering training at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about the university's history and structure. It specifically focuses on training programs for forest road design, construction, and management. The training is multilevel, covering bachelor's, master's, and post-graduate levels. It emphasizes an environmentally responsible and comprehensive approach. Coursework includes subjects like forest road construction, transportation technology, and environmental issues. Practical training is also incorporated. The training aims to produce specialists qualified for forest engineering work involving road networks, planning, and construction.
Pristaia english new скорочена регіональний симпозіумRadmila Ustych
The document discusses the state of forest transportation networks in Ukraine. It notes that about 4,000 km of forest roads were constructed from 2007-2014, increasing the total length by 6%. However, this is still much less than European countries, which have 40-55 km of roads per 1,000 hectares compared to Ukraine's 7.7 km. The development of forest infrastructure is a government priority, but Ukraine still needs about 250,000 additional km of forest roads to reach European standards. The document outlines the stages and techniques for forest road construction in Ukraine.
This document discusses best practices for forest road engineering to minimize environmental impact. It provides information on calculating the optimal density of road networks based on total transport costs. The document also analyzes data on road network density in Macedonia over time, finding it has increased from 2.6 m/ha in 1966 to 13.43 m/ha in 2015. Additionally, it shares data on forest road length and density within different forest management units in Macedonia.
The document discusses the state of forest roads in Serbia. It notes that Serbia has 2.25 million hectares of forested land, with about 64.7% classified as coppices and 27.5% as high forests. Forest roads are classified into primary (gravel or earth surfaced) and secondary (tractor trails) networks. The average density of primary forest roads is 7.23 m/ha in the largest public enterprise. Standards for design and construction of forest roads include minimum radii for curves, carriageway widths, slopes and passing places. Planning, design, construction and maintenance of forest roads follows set procedures but is impacted by a lack of forest road licensing and programs as well as insufficient funding and equipment.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of roads, including both positive and negative impacts. It outlines how roads can improve quality of life but also cause issues like water degradation, wildlife mortality from habitat fragmentation and vehicle collisions, invasion of exotic species, erosion, and pollution. The document provides examples of mitigation techniques like culverts, fish ladders, wildlife overpasses, and restoration efforts. It emphasizes the importance of considering environmental impacts and mitigation in all phases of road planning, design, construction, and maintenance.
11. environmentally sensitive maintenance and road closure smallRadmila Ustych
This document discusses environmentally sensitive road maintenance and closure. It outlines different styles of maintenance including routine, periodic, traditional, and environmentally sensitive maintenance. It emphasizes the importance of doing maintenance and lists various areas that require maintenance like the road surface, ditches, armoring, culverts, disposal areas, clearing, cut slopes, erosion control, and signing/safety. The document provides examples of different maintenance techniques and stresses developing a maintenance plan that identifies priorities, resources, and work sequence to properly care for the road system.
This document discusses various materials and techniques for unpaved road construction and maintenance including:
- Surfacing standards, soil and aggregate properties, aggregate design, soil stabilization, compaction, and quality control testing.
- Stabilizers and dust suppressants including cement, lime, asphalt and organic products.
- Aggregate surface design considerations for different traffic levels and soil bearing capacities.
- The importance of drainage, separation/reinforcement, compaction, and using local quarry materials followed by reclamation.
- Key factors for unpaved roads include soil and traffic analysis, selecting the proper standard, using suitable gradation and stabilization, quality control, and drainage.
The document discusses various erosion control methods including physical, vegetative, biotechnical methods and controlling gullies. The goals are to control water flow and restore the soil's ability to absorb water like a sponge. It also discusses developing an erosion control and revegetation plan, including assessing the site conditions, selecting appropriate plant species, implementing measures, and providing ongoing maintenance. The key is to minimize disturbance, control water flow, use local materials, cover areas quickly, and rehabilitate progressively.
This document discusses various methods for slope stabilization, including avoiding unstable areas, preventing instability through proper cut and fill slopes, and stabilizing existing slides. It covers the use of vegetation and drainage for prevention and stabilization, as well as structural approaches like gabions, retaining walls, reinforced fills, soil nails and anchors when stabilization is needed. The key messages are to use commonly stable slope angles, understand why failures occur, select the least costly effective stabilization measure, and ensure structures are founded on stable ground.
This document discusses various methods of drainage for surfaces and subsurface areas, including natural channel crossings using culverts or bridges, low-water crossings of meadows, outlets and inlets for ditches, leadoff ditches, switchbacks for steep grades, over-side drains, meadow crossings, addressing springs and wet areas using corduroy roads or underdrains, and using filter blankets. Proper drainage is important, as highlighted techniques can address surface and subsurface drainage needs on managed lands.
This document discusses the design and aspects of low-water crossings, which are fords or drifts used to cross waterways. It notes that low-water crossings should be considered where flows fluctuate, traffic is low, delays are acceptable, and the channel is broad and flat. The key aspects of design include ensuring structural capacity and hydraulic capacity for high and low flows, protecting the structure from scouring, providing traffic control and safety features, and selecting materials that are compatible with the site and allow for aquatic organism passage. Proper design is emphasized to avoid problems and keep the stream functioning well.
The document discusses natural drainage crossings and culverts, including issues like culvert failures, fish passage barriers, and climate change vulnerability. It also examines strategies to maintain stream ecosystem connectivity, accommodate floods and debris, and use techniques like stream simulation to design long-lasting crossings.
The document outlines the environmental analysis process that is required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for projects funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The 8-step process includes: 1) identifying the proposed action, 2) scoping potential issues and effects, 3) collecting data on factors that will be considered, 4) designing alternatives, 5) evaluating the effects of each alternative, 6) comparing the alternatives, 7) making a decision and getting public review, and 8) implementing and monitoring the chosen alternative. USAID developed procedures in 1975 to comply with NEPA, requiring identification and mitigation of environmental impacts before funding decisions are made.
This document discusses forest engineering training at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about the university's history and structure. It specifically focuses on training programs for forest road design, construction, and management. The training is multilevel, covering bachelor's, master's, and post-graduate levels. It emphasizes an environmentally responsible and comprehensive approach. Coursework includes subjects like forest road construction, transportation technology, and environmental issues. Practical training is also incorporated. The training aims to produce specialists qualified for forest engineering work involving road networks, planning, and construction.
1. Šumski putevi
u
Bosni i Hercegovini
Symposium / Forest Road Training Program - Lviv, Ukraine
Prezentator:
Adnan Proha
Dipl. Inžinjer
šumarstva
2. OPĆI PODACI O ŠUMARSTVU U BIH
Stanje šumskog fonda
Ukupna površina = 2.709 800 ha (53% površine
države)
Državno vlasništvo = 2,186.300 ha ili 81%
Privatno vlasništvo = 523.500 ha ili 19%
Drvna zaliha = 291 mil. m3
Godišnji zapr. prirast = 7 942.200 m³
Godišnji obim sječa = etat 7 235.500 m³
( četinari = 2 589.200 m³ ; lisćari = 4 646.300 m³)
Administrativna organizacija šumarstva
Federacija BiH = 51 %
Republika Srpska = 49%
108 mil m³
četinari
183 mil m³ -
lisćari
3. GOSPODARENJE ŠUMAMA I
ŠUMSKIM ZEMLJIŠTEM
Plan siječa
Plan iskorištavanja
Plan šumsko-uzgojnih radova
Plan zaštite šuma
Plan investicija ( plan izgradnje i rekonstrukcije šumskih
puteva
PROJEKTI
SANACIJE
PROJEKTI
IZGRADNJE
PROJEKTI
REKONSTRUKC
IJE
Projektovanje šumskog puta
Terenski radovi
Kancelarijski radovi
Realizacija projekata :
Vlastitom radnom snagom
Putem usluge preko trećih lica
Šumskogospodarska osnova
Federacija BiH = 10 javnih preduzeća
Republika Srpska = 1 javno preduzeće (23 šumska gazdinstva )
Projekti sadrže:
Opšti podaci
Opis radova
Predmjer radova
Predračun radova
Karta sa ucrtanom trasom
Struktura gazdovanja
7. ŠUMSKE KOMUNIKACIJE
izazovi
1. Nedostatak jedinstvenog softverskog rješenja za prikupljanje tačnih podataka
- Korištenje moderne tehnologije
2. Otvorenost šuma u BiH vs Standard (min. Otvorenost planinskih predjela = 15 m/ha)
Federacija BiH = 10,9 m/ha
Republika Srpska = 8,7 m/ha < druge zemlje ( primjer Austrije = 40 m/ha )*
3. Ekologija
- Klizišta
- Pojava erozije
- Zaštita vodotoka
4. Troškovi izgradnje
- Nizak godišnji planirani buđet za investiranje
- Nedostatak kontinuiranog priliva finansijskih sredstava
- Iznalaženje povoljnih kreditnih linija
