This is just a preview of what I am doing right now. It is a compilation of all the necessary concepts to pass from HSK 1-6. For HSK 1. Pinyin will follow. :D

4. HSK Reviewer
Copyright © 2015
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or
other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and
certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. by the author.
Cover Artwork by: Dexter B. Roxas
Cover Layout by: Raymond T. Frias

5. CHINESE PHONETICS
(汉语语音)
Initials and Finals
Spelling Rules
Tones
Modulation of Tones

6. PINYIN (拼音)
• This is the standardized and modern Chinese
phonetic system. This system uses Latin Alphabet
as a guide in the pronunciation of the Chinese
sounds. Before 1950’s, Chinese uses bopomofo or
also known as the zhuyin but this system become
more prevalent because it is more easier to use.
Some Chinese schools in the Philippines are still
using the bopomofo system but majority uses
pinyin. Zhou Youguang is the father of pinyin.

7. PINYIN (拼音)
mǎ
initial
final
tone mark

8. PINYIN (拼音)
INITIALS (声母)
b p m f d
t n l z c
s zh ch sh r
j q x g k
h y w

9. PINYIN (拼音)
FINALS (韵母)
a o e ê -i (special) er
ai ei ao ou an en
ang eng -ong -i -ia -iao
-ie -iu (-iou) -ian -in -iang -ing
-iong -u -ua -uo -uai -ui (-uei)
-uan -un (-
uen)
-uang -ü -üe -üan
-ün

10. RULES IN SPELLING (书写规则)
y, w
as syllables
by itself
yi , wu
i, u
finals starting
with
y, w
changes into
and in some cases added
ex
-ia  ya
-in  yin
-ua  wa
-uei  wei

11. RULES IN SPELLING (书写规则)
ü
as syllables
by itself
yu
ü
finals starting
with
yu
changes into ex.
-üe yue
-üan  yuan
-ün  yun
Notice that the two dots has been removed

12. RULES IN SPELLING (书写规则)
j,q,x +ü ju, qu, xu
initial + -iou
initial + -iu
initial + -uei
initial + -ui

13. RULES IN SPELLING (书写规则)
initial + -uen
initial + -un

14. TONES (声调)
• Different tones express different
meanings. Not all words with the
same tone have the same
meaning.

15. TONES (声调)
• ā – 1st tone – high-pitched
• á – 2nd tone – quick rising tone
• ǎ – 3rd tone – descending to
rising tone
• à – 4th tone – falling stressed
tone
• a – neutral tone – short and light
tone

16. TONES (声调)

17. CHANGE IN 3rd TONE
PRONUNCIATION (三声变调)
3rd tone syllable +
3rd tone syllable
2nd tone syllable +
3rd tone syllable
pronounced as
TONE MARK REMAIN UNCHANGED
3rd tone syllable +
3rd tone syllable +
3rd tone syllable
2nd tone syllable +
2nd tone syllable +
3rd tone syllable
pronounced as

18. HALF THIRD 3rd TONE (半三声)
3rd tone
syllable
Half third tone
pronounced as
+
1st tone syllable
2nd tone syllable
4th tone syllable
Neutral tone
Only descends but doesn’t rise

19. MODULATION OF “不”
(“不”的变调)
+
1st tone syllable
2nd tone syllable
3rd tone syllable不
PRONUNCIATION
REMAIN
UNCHANGED
Neutral tone

20. MODULATION OF “不”
(“不”的变调)
+ 4th tone
syllable不
不 pronounced
in the 2nd tone
TONE MARK CHANGED

21. MODULATION OF “不”
(“不”的变调)
+ 4th tone
syllable不
不 pronounced
in the 2nd tone
TONE MARK CHANGED

22. MODULATION OF “一”
(“一”的变调)
+
1st tone syllable
2nd tone syllable
3rd tone syllable一
一 pronounced
in the 4th tone
TONE MARK CHANGES

23. MODULATION OF “一”
(“一”的变调)
+ 4th tone
syllable一
一 pronounced
in the 2nd tone
TONE MARK CHANGES

24. “er” and the retroflex final (“er”
和儿化韵)
儿童 - értǒng – child
耳环 - ěrhuān - earring
而且 - èrqiě - but also
花儿 - huār - flower
点儿 - diǎnr - a bit
玩儿 - wánr - to play; to stroll
USED FOR WORDS
USED AS FINALS, TO MAKE PRONUNCIATION MORE FLEXIBLE

25. DIVIDING MARK (隔音符号)
星期二 – xīngqī’èr – Tuesday, Martes
天安门 – Tiān’ānmén – Gate of
Heavenly Peace
企鹅 – qǐ’é - penguin
天鹅 – tiān’é – swan
IF A SYLLABLE IS PRECEEDED BY A, O, AND E, A
DIVIDING MARK IS USED TO SEPARATE THE
SYLLABLES TO INDICATE DISTINCTION.

26. CHINESE GRAMMAR
(汉语语法)
Sentence Patterns
Word Usage

27. CHINESE NAMES (中国人的姓名)
•FAMILY NAME FIRST BEFORE THE FIRST NAME
•USUALLY FAMILY NAMES HAS ONE CHARACTER
•FIRST NAMES CAN HAVE ONE OR TWO CHARACTERS
•RARE CASES THAT A CHINESE NAME HAS FOUR
CHARACTERS
FAMILY NAME FIRST NAME PINYIN
叶 俊女 Ye Junnü
李 小龙 Li Xiaolong
王 平安 Wang Ping’an
陈 瑞曼 Chen Ruiman
马 宁 Ma Ning

28. ADDRESSING SOMEONE
•SURNAME FIRST BEFORE THE PREFIX OR
OCCUPATION. UNLIKE IN ENGLISH, PREFIX FIRST
BEFORE NAME OR SURNAME
FAMILY NAME PREFIX / OCCUPATION PINYIN / ENGLISH
叶 先生 Ye xiansheng / Mr. Ye
李 老师 Li laoshi / Teacher Li
王 小姐 Wang xiaojie / Ms. Wang
陈 教授 Chen jiaoshou / Prof.
Chen
马 太太 Ma taitai / Mrs. Ma

29. WORD ORDER
(汉语句子的语序)
•IN CHINESE GRAMMAR, WORD ORDER OR THE
ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS IN THE SENTENCE IS VERY
IMPORTANT. UNLIKE ENGLISH, IT IS SENSITIVE IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE TENSE, GENDER, NUMBER,
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT…ETC.
BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN
SUBJECT FIRST (主语) BEFORE PREDICATE
(谓语)
MEANING
我妈妈 很漂亮 My mom is pretty.
今天 星期一 Today is Monday
他朋友 去中国 His friend goes to China
我 爱你 I love you

30. THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF A
SENTENCE (别的句子的主要成分)
•ATTRIBUTIVE – USUALLY USED TO MODIFY A NOUN
THE ADVERBIAL – USED TO MODIFY A VERB OR AN
ADJECTIVE.
我爸爸是张老师的老师。
那个漂亮的人是我女朋友。
宝宝的小狗很可爱。
姐姐的儿子今年开学
她八点上班。
快走吧。

31. SENTENCES WITH VERBAL
PREDICATE (动词谓语句)
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
他 去
我 吃 饭
他朋友 爱 我
我 学习 汉语

32. SENTENCES WITH ADJECTIVAL
PREDICATE (形容词谓语句)
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
他 去
我 吃 饭
他朋友 爱 我
我 学习 汉语

33. 吗 SENTENCES (“吗”句子)
Declarative sentence + 吗
DECLARATIVE SENTENCE 吗
今天你去看电影 吗?
我爸爸是法国人 吗?
他的朋友听音乐 吗?
前面的人是加拿大人 吗?
妈妈的学生来我们家 吗?

34. Advanced
吗 SENTENCES (“吗”句子)
Subject+Verb of Understanding+
Interrogative Pronoun Sentence+吗
SUBJECT VERB OF
UNDERSTANDING
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
SENTENCE
吗
你 知道 这件衣服多少钱 吗？
王兰 明白 怎么写汉字 吗？
你 知道 这个什么水果 吗？
USUALLY吗 SHOULD NOT BE MIXED WITH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
EXCEPT FOR THIS CASE.

35. 吧 QUESTION (“吧”问句)
Declarative sentence + 吧
USED IN CASE OF A SLIGHT OF DOUBT
你是中国人吧？
不是。我是韩国人。
你是菲律宾人吧？
我不是菲律宾人，我是马来西亚人。

36. 呢 QUESTION (“呢”问句)
Subject in question + 呢
USED TO RETURN THE QUESTION BACK TO THE SPEAKER OR TO
SOMEONE CONCERNED WITH THE QUESTION
A: 你是哪国人？
B: 我是中国人。你呢？
A: 我是韩国人。你做什么工作？
B: 我是老师。我在中央大学教数学。你呢？
A: 我是医生。我在西北医院工作。你今年多大了？
B: 我三十岁。你呢？
A: 我三十三岁。认识你很高兴。
B: 认识你我也很高兴。

37. SENTENCES with 都 AND 也
(“都” 和 “也”的句子)
Subject + 都 /也+ Verbal Predicate
Subject + 都 /也+ Adjectival Predicate
If both used:
Subject +也+都+ Verbal Predicate / Adjectival
Predicate
我们都是菲律宾人。
他们都在哈尔滨。
我也害怕。
我们老师也很厉害。
你爸爸和妈妈都来吗？
我们也都是菲律宾人。
他们也都在哈尔滨。
我们老师也都很不错。
我们两个都爱你 。

38. SENTENCES with 都 AND 不
(“都” 和 “不”的句子)
SUBJECT + 都 + 不 + VERBAL / ADJECTIVAL
PREDICATE (means “all are not”)
SUBJECT +不 + 都 + VERBAL / ADJECTIVAL
PREDICATE (means “not all are”)
我们都不是老师。
我们不都是老师。
妈妈的朋友都不很有钱。
妈妈的朋友不都很有钱。
他们都不舒服。
他们不都舒服。

39. 是 SENTENCES (“是”字句)
SUBJECT + 是 + OBJECT
SUBJECT 是 OBJECT
他爸爸 是 美国人
我 是 学生
你 是 老师
我哥哥 是 医生

40. 是 SENTENCES (“是”字句)
[negative form]
SUBJECT +不是 + OBJECT
SUBJECT 是 OBJECT
他爸爸 不是 美国人
我 不是 学生
你 不是 老师
我哥哥 不是 医生

41. 有 SENTENCES (“有”字句)
SUBJECT + 有 + OBJECT
SUBJECT 有 OBJECT
他 有 孩子
我妈妈 有 一只小狗
她 有 男朋友
我哥哥 有 很多书

42. 有 SENTENCES (“有”字句)
[negative form]
SUBJECT +没有 + OBJECT
SUBJECT 没有 OBJECT
他 没有 孩子
我妈妈 没有 一只小狗
她 没有 男朋友
我哥哥 没有 很多书
NOT 不有

43. SENTENCES WITH
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
SUBJECT + PP + PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASE (serves as
adverbial adjunct)
PREDICATE
我 在银行 工作
他妈妈 在网吧 上网
她 在饭店 吃饭
我哥哥 在图书馆 做作业

44. SENTENCES WITH CONNECTED
VERBS (连动句)
S+Verb1+(Obj1)+Verb2+(Obj2)
S V1 O1 V2 O2
我们 去 游泳
他的朋友 去 打 篮球
你 来 我的家 吃 饭
她妈妈 去 超市 买 东西

45. ATTRIBUTE INDICATING RELATIONSHIP
AND POSSESSION (表示领属关系的定语)
的
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS TURNING
TO POSSESSIVE
FORM: 我的，我们的，
你们的，他们的
SHOWING
POSSESSION
王老师的书
我妈妈的手机
他朋友的钱包
de
SHOWING
RELATIONSHIP
我的同学
他的女朋友
你的老师
USE OF DE CAN BE
OMMITTED WHEN
PERSONAL PRONOUN IS
WITH A KIN TERM OR AN
INSTITUTIONAL ONE.
我姐姐，她弟弟，我们老师

46. MODAL PARTICLE “了”
(语气助词 “了”)
INDICATE THAT THE SITUATION HAS ALREADY
CHANGED.
今年我的朋友二十八岁了。
这个星期我不忙了。

47. X 不 X SENTENCE PATTERN
(正反疑问句)
FORMED BY PLACING SIDE BY SIDE THE VERB OR ADJECTIVE IN
ITS AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORM.
你今天去不去图书馆？
王美的男朋友来不来上课？
你的同学考不考菲律宾文学考试？
张经理高兴不高兴？
妈妈带不带她的手机？

48. LOCATION WORDS (方位词)
USED AS SUBJECT
USED AS OBJECTS
USED AS ATTRIBUTIVE
前边有两座楼。
后边有三位老师。
银行在右边。
学校在左边。
东边的楼太远了。
南边的超市很方便。

49. REDUPLICATION OF VERBS (语
气助词 “了”)
VERBS CAN BE REDUPLUCATED TO INDICATE
THE SHORT DURATION OR CASUALNESS AND
EASE OF THE ACTION.
我在宿舍休息休息。
我们看看你的照片。
你可以听听吧。
AA – for monosyllabic verbs
ABAB – for disyllabic verbs

50. TIME INDICATORS (时间词)
CAN BE USED AS:
现在八点 明天的话剧前天三号
as subject as predicate as an attributive
SUBJECT + TIME INDICATOR + PREDICATE
TIME INDICATOR + SUBJECT + PREDICATE
玛丽今天学习英语。 今天玛丽学习英语。
TWO OR MORE TIME MARKERS: LONGER PERIOD OF
TIME COMES FIRST
ARRANGEMENT: YEAR / MONTH / DAY / PART OF THE DAY / HOUR / MINUTES / SECONDS
我明天晚上十一点回家。

51. TIME INDICATORS (时间词)
SUBJECT + TIME INDICATOR + PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASE + PREDICATE
我现在在学校上课
明天我在爷爷的家

52. SENTENCES WITH MODAL
VERB (能愿动词)
SUBJECT + MODAL VERB + VERB + OBJECT
SUBJECT + 不 + MODAL VERB + VERB + OBJECT
VERBS THAT EXPRESSES WILL, CAPABILITY, AND
CAPACITY
SUBJECT MODAL VERB VERB OBJECT
我们 要 去 韩国
他 想 买 香蕉
SUBJECT 不 MODAL
VERB
VERB OBJECT
儿童 不 喜欢 吃 蔬菜
李欢 不 要 分手

53. NUMERALS (数字)
• 一 - yī - one
• 二 - èr - two
• 三 - sān - three
• 四 - sì - four
• 五 - wǔ - five
• 六 - liù - six
• 七 - qī - seven

54. NUMERALS (数字)
• 八 - bā - eight
• 九 - jiǔ - nine
• 十 - shí - ten
• 零 ／〇 - líng - zero

55. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
(人称代词)
• 我 - wǒ - I, me
• 你 - nǐ - you
• 他 - tā - he
• 她 - tā - she
• 我们 (我們)- wǒmen - we, us
• 你们 (你們)– nǐmen - you (plural)
• 他们 (他們)- tāmen - they (for male and
mixed gender)

56. BOOK REFERENCES
Hanban / Confucius Institute Headquarters (2010). Pandaigdigang Kurikulo para sa Pag-
aaral ng Wikang Intsik. Beijing. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Lin X. and Tao W. (2008). Ang Aking Picture Dictionary sa Wikang Tsino. Beijing. The
Commercial Press
Yuhua K. and Siping L. (2005). Conversational Chinese 301 (上). 3rd Edition: Beijing.
Beijing Language and Culture University Press
Yuhua K. and Siping L. (2005). Conversational Chinese 301 (下). 3rd Edition: Beijing.
Beijing Language and Culture University Press
Liping J., Fang W., Feng W., and Liping L. (2014). Standard Course HSK 1. 1st Edition:
Beijing. Beijing Language and Culture University Press

57. ONLINE REFERENCES
ChinesePod - http://www.chinesepod.com
ChineseClass101 - http://www.chineseclass101.com
YouTube Off The Wall Channel - http://www.youtube.com/offthewall
LINE Dictiolinedictionary.naver.com