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Primena elektromišićne
stimulacije u fitnesu
Student: Mentor:
Stefan Marjanović Stanimir Stojiljković
1. Osnovi električne struje
• Električna jačina
• Električni napon
• Električna otpornost
–Omov zakon
𝑉
𝐼
= 𝑅
• Električno polje
2. Mišić i njegova motorna
nervna vlakna
• Mišić
• Motoneuron
• Motorna jedinica
3. Biološki efekti električne
struje
• Ekscitatorni efekat
• Rabdomioliza
• Hemijske opekotine
4. Membranski potencijal
• Mirovni membranski
potencijal
• Akcioni potencijal
• Kontrakcija ostvarena
elektrostimulacijom
• Prednosti stimulacije
motornog nerva naspram
direktne stimulacije mišića
5. Karakteristike struje
primenjene u EMS
• Hronaksija i reobaza (Lapikov zakon)
• Oblik električnog impulsa
– dvofazne,
pravougaone,
simetricne talasne
forme
6. Mišićna vlakna i
frekvencije stimulacije
• Klasifikacija mišićnih vlakana
• Trzaj i tetanija
• Stimulaciona frekvencija
• Plastičnost tipova mišićnih vlakana
• 20Hz do 50Hz Vl. sporog trzaja, tipa “I”
• 50Hz do 90Hz Vl. brzog trzaja, tipa “IIa”
• 90Hz do 120Hz Vl. brzog trzaja, tipa “IIx”
7. Regrutacija mišićnih
vlakana
• Princip veličine
• Obrnuti princip
• Princip neselektivne
regrutacije
8. Primer EMS sprave koja
se koristi u fitnesu - X body
Programi
• "Ručno podešavanje" - svi
parametri stimulacije
mogu se prilagoditi
omogućavajući vežbaču
maksimalno
personalizovan pristup
• "Snaga mišića" - podešen
za treninge izgradnje
mišića
– naizmenično kombinuje
stimulaciju i odmor
koristeći visoke
stimulacione frekvencije
Programi
• "Kardiovaskularno" -
namenjen za povećanje
kardiovaskularne
izdržljivost i gubitka
telesne težine
– koristi niske frekvencije u
kontinuiranoj stimulaciji
• "Relaksacija" - program
opuštanja
– kombinuje naizmenično,
u intervalima od jedne
sekunde, stimulaciju i
periode odmora, sa
visokom stimulacionom
frekvencijom koristeći
impulse male širine
Parametri
• Trajanje programa: vreme treninga u
minutima
– Može se podesiti između 3-45 minuta
• Trajanje impulsa: određuje dužinu
trajanja intervala kontrakcije
– Može se podesiti između 1-10 sekundi
• Pauza impulsa: Ovaj parametar
određuje dužinu pauze između dva
intervala impulsa
– Može se podesiti između 0-10 sekundi
– Podešavanje pauze na 0 znači
kontinuiran impuls
Parametri
• Frekvencija impulsa - Može se podesiti između
1-100Hz
Parametri
• Širina impulsa - određuje
dužinu jednog impulsa u
mikrosekundama
– Može se podesiti između 50-
400 mikrosekundi
• Pojačavanje impulsa –
trajanje ("mekoća")
dostizanja od nule do zadatog
opterećenja intenziteta
– Između 0.0-1.1 sekunde
Uvodni deo u trening
• Aktivan veš
• Prskanje vodom
• Oblačenje odela
Zagrevanje
• Kardiovaskularni program
• Oko 5 minuta
• Hodanje, marširanje, steper, trčanje
Glavni deo treninga
• Iste vežbe i principi vežbanja kao kod tradicionalnog treninga
• Razlika je dodatna stimulacija, određenih ili svih, većih mišićnih grupa
• Sa ili bez rekvizita
• Oko 20 minuta
Relaksacija
• "Relaksacija" program
• Oko 10 minuta najčešće,
a može biti i dosta duže
• Ležeći položaj, sa
elevacijom nogu
9. Zaključak
• Popularizacija i tendencije razvoja
• Rezultati primene na sportistima
• Stalna primena EMS-a u fitnesu ili ne
– U kom odnosu sa
tradicionalnim metodama
• Odlaganje platoa; prednosti EMS-a;
mane -pokretljivost i motorna
kontrola
• Posledice višegodišnje primene

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Primena EMS u fitnesu

  • 1. Primena elektromišićne stimulacije u fitnesu Student: Mentor: Stefan Marjanović Stanimir Stojiljković
  • 2. 1. Osnovi električne struje • Električna jačina • Električni napon • Električna otpornost –Omov zakon 𝑉 𝐼 = 𝑅 • Električno polje
  • 3. 2. Mišić i njegova motorna nervna vlakna • Mišić • Motoneuron • Motorna jedinica
  • 4. 3. Biološki efekti električne struje • Ekscitatorni efekat • Rabdomioliza • Hemijske opekotine
  • 5. 4. Membranski potencijal • Mirovni membranski potencijal • Akcioni potencijal • Kontrakcija ostvarena elektrostimulacijom • Prednosti stimulacije motornog nerva naspram direktne stimulacije mišića
  • 6. 5. Karakteristike struje primenjene u EMS • Hronaksija i reobaza (Lapikov zakon) • Oblik električnog impulsa – dvofazne, pravougaone, simetricne talasne forme
  • 7. 6. Mišićna vlakna i frekvencije stimulacije • Klasifikacija mišićnih vlakana • Trzaj i tetanija • Stimulaciona frekvencija • Plastičnost tipova mišićnih vlakana • 20Hz do 50Hz Vl. sporog trzaja, tipa “I” • 50Hz do 90Hz Vl. brzog trzaja, tipa “IIa” • 90Hz do 120Hz Vl. brzog trzaja, tipa “IIx”
  • 8. 7. Regrutacija mišićnih vlakana • Princip veličine • Obrnuti princip • Princip neselektivne regrutacije
  • 9. 8. Primer EMS sprave koja se koristi u fitnesu - X body
  • 10. Programi • "Ručno podešavanje" - svi parametri stimulacije mogu se prilagoditi omogućavajući vežbaču maksimalno personalizovan pristup • "Snaga mišića" - podešen za treninge izgradnje mišića – naizmenično kombinuje stimulaciju i odmor koristeći visoke stimulacione frekvencije
  • 11. Programi • "Kardiovaskularno" - namenjen za povećanje kardiovaskularne izdržljivost i gubitka telesne težine – koristi niske frekvencije u kontinuiranoj stimulaciji • "Relaksacija" - program opuštanja – kombinuje naizmenično, u intervalima od jedne sekunde, stimulaciju i periode odmora, sa visokom stimulacionom frekvencijom koristeći impulse male širine
  • 12. Parametri • Trajanje programa: vreme treninga u minutima – Može se podesiti između 3-45 minuta • Trajanje impulsa: određuje dužinu trajanja intervala kontrakcije – Može se podesiti između 1-10 sekundi • Pauza impulsa: Ovaj parametar određuje dužinu pauze između dva intervala impulsa – Može se podesiti između 0-10 sekundi – Podešavanje pauze na 0 znači kontinuiran impuls
  • 13. Parametri • Frekvencija impulsa - Može se podesiti između 1-100Hz
  • 14. Parametri • Širina impulsa - određuje dužinu jednog impulsa u mikrosekundama – Može se podesiti između 50- 400 mikrosekundi • Pojačavanje impulsa – trajanje ("mekoća") dostizanja od nule do zadatog opterećenja intenziteta – Između 0.0-1.1 sekunde
  • 15. Uvodni deo u trening • Aktivan veš • Prskanje vodom • Oblačenje odela
  • 16. Zagrevanje • Kardiovaskularni program • Oko 5 minuta • Hodanje, marširanje, steper, trčanje
  • 17. Glavni deo treninga • Iste vežbe i principi vežbanja kao kod tradicionalnog treninga • Razlika je dodatna stimulacija, određenih ili svih, većih mišićnih grupa • Sa ili bez rekvizita • Oko 20 minuta
  • 18. Relaksacija • "Relaksacija" program • Oko 10 minuta najčešće, a može biti i dosta duže • Ležeći položaj, sa elevacijom nogu
  • 19. 9. Zaključak • Popularizacija i tendencije razvoja • Rezultati primene na sportistima • Stalna primena EMS-a u fitnesu ili ne – U kom odnosu sa tradicionalnim metodama • Odlaganje platoa; prednosti EMS-a; mane -pokretljivost i motorna kontrola • Posledice višegodišnje primene

Editor's Notes

  1. Da bi se nervno tkivo nadražilo potreban je ● Dovoljan intenzitet struje kroz ciljano tkivo ● Odgovarajuće trajanje stimulusa za određenu mišićnu grupu
  2. Kod voljnih kontrakcija zastupljena je regrutacija po principu velicine, dok se kod EMS dugo smatralo da je princip obrnut od principa velicine. Ovi rezultati dobijeni su prilikom direktnog stimulisanja misica, i to kroz rezove na kozi, radjenih na nizim sisarima, s toga drugaciji je metod od indirektnog stimulisanja i nisu uzete u obzir impedansa koze, potkozne masti i drugi faktori, i kao takav ne odgovara mehanizmu regrutacije indirektnom stimulacijom kod ljudi. Poslednja istrazivanja zakljucuju da je regrutacija neselektivna i nasumicna u zavisnosti od blizine vlakana elektrodi, velicine elektricnog polja odnosno obuhvacenoscu vlakana njime vlakna ce se nadrazivati bez obzira na tip. Najvazniji faktor kojim se moze odlucivati u izboru tipa treniranih vlakana jeste odabir frekvencije stimulacije, kao sto je vec receno