Presentation for Earth Science

1. By: Olga Perez
and
Tiffany Javier

2. Primary caves are formed at the same time that the host rock, or
surrounding rock is forming. The most common type are lava tubes, which form
through volcanic activity. Other typical primary caves include blister caves, tufa
caves, and coral caves.
Thurston Lava Tube,
Hawaii National Park,
USA
Blister cave in
Saudi Arabia

3. Primary Caves are formed at the same time of surrounding rocks
1. Lava flows out from a volcanic eruption
2. The overflow of lava creates layers of lava
3. The overflow of lava creates a tall, deep tunnel
4. Soon, a solid crust forms above the stacked lava
5. After the eruption is over, the lava hardens, creating a lava tube

4. ⇒ This cave is in Hawaii, also a lava tube.
○ Hawaiian lava is about 2165 degrees Fahrenheit.
⇒ Kazumura formed about six centuries ago due to a volcanic eruption.
⇒ Kazumura is the world's longest continuous lava tube.
○ 42 miles long

5. Formation
1. Lava traps air as it flows down the side
of a volcano.
1. Air rises in the form of bubbles.
1. Some bubbles cool on the surface, resulting in
blister caves.

6. ⇒ Biggest blister caves are found at
Mt. Fantalo, Ethiopia.
⇒ Contain welded tuff called ignimbrites.
⇒ Also considered lava caves, since
they are formed in lava.
⇒ Intact blisters are up to 30m in
diameter.

7. ⇒ Reef caves are caves formed inside coral reefs or sponge reefs.
o Formed at the same time as surrounding rock like limestone.
A coral reef shapes into
a cave-like structure.

8. ● Formed at the same time as host deposit
● When tufa deposit grows outward, it forms canopies, creating voids
Olgahöhle Cave, Germany
● rare primary cave
● discovered by Johann Ziegler in 1874
● named after Queen Olga von Wuürttemberg
● 170 meters in length, 10 meters in diameter
● hard water of the Echaz formed limestone

9. ● "Types of Caves." National Caves Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2015.
● "Primary Caves." Classification of Caves:. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2015.
● "Caverns Make Great Classrooms: Cavern Geology Lesson Plan." Caverns Make Great
Classrooms: Cavern Geology Lesson Plan. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2015.
● Patricia L.Barnes-Svarney - Thomas E. Svarney - Visible Ink Press - 2004
● "Tufa Caves." Speleology:. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Jan. 2015.