This document discusses prevention and integrated control measures for arthropods and rodents. It covers prevention from contact through proper food storage and waste disposal. It also discusses prevention from bites through the use of repellents and protective clothing. Integrated control measures mentioned include killing arthropods and rodents through chemicals, insecticides, pesticides, gases and trapping. Specific chemicals used to kill arthropods and rodents are also named.
6th National Cultivating Community Composting Forum
Panel 5: BMPs and Rodent Control
Caroline Bragdon
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Sanitation and preventing pest proliferation are important for housekeeping. Cleaning removes visible dirt while sanitation eliminates microorganisms. Bacteria thrive in moist, unsanitary environments. Proper sanitation includes eliminating breeding grounds, covering garbage, and sanitizing surfaces. Pests like rats, roaches, flies and mosquitoes transmit diseases and must be controlled through sanitation, pest proofing, and targeted pesticides. Housekeepers should identify pest types and properly store, segregate, and dispose of waste to maintain hygienic conditions.
This document outlines a 4-hour curriculum for an integrated pest management training on managing German cockroaches. The curriculum includes:
1. Identifying German cockroaches and distinguishing them from other cockroach species.
2. Discussing the biology of German cockroaches and how it impacts management techniques, including sanitation, reducing habitat, and using monitoring and baits.
3. Hands-on exercises where participants examine cockroach specimens and develop IPM plans for case studies.
The curriculum aims to teach techniques for identifying, monitoring, and controlling German cockroaches using an integrated approach.
The document provides information on tools, materials, and chemicals used for cleaning as well as safety precautions. It lists common cleaning tools like brooms, mops, dusters and various cleaning liquids and chemicals used for tasks like removing stains, deodorizing, and eliminating insects. The document emphasizes the importance of carefully reading labels, storing products safely away from children and food, using protective equipment, and properly disposing of containers.
Taxonomy is the describing and naming of taxa and was coined by de Candolle in 1813. Taxonomic procedures include collection, preservation, identification, classification, and publication. Collections are classified as wet or dry. Equipment used for collection includes insect nets, aspirators, Berlese funnels, and killing bottles. Specimens are mounted, pinned, or carded for storage and identification involves using keys to recognize organismal identities. Curation involves organizing, maintaining, and administering collections while taxidermy is the preserving of animal bodies for display.
This document provides information about cockroach management. It discusses the habitats and behaviors of different cockroach species. German cockroaches are the most common found in homes and prefer warm, moist areas near food sources and heating ducts. The document recommends prevention methods like sealing cracks larger than 1/16 inches, screening vents and drains, and keeping food sealed. It also suggests monitoring with sticky traps. Control methods include using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in wall cracks and crevices where cockroaches hide.
Methods of insect collection, preservation, display and storage by Dr. T. Kri...krishnachaitanyatiru2
1. The document discusses various methods for collecting, preserving, and displaying insect specimens. It describes different types of nets, traps, and other tools used to capture insects in the field.
2. It then explains the proper techniques for killing, relaxing, pinning, labeling, and storing collected insects. Various preservation methods are covered, including dry preservation, liquid preservation, setting, stretching, and blowing larvae specimens.
3. Storage and display options like storage boxes and Riker mounts are also outlined to help organize and present collected insect specimens for research, education, or hobby purposes. Proper documentation and care is emphasized to maintain specimen quality over time.
6th National Cultivating Community Composting Forum
Panel 5: BMPs and Rodent Control
Caroline Bragdon
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Sanitation and preventing pest proliferation are important for housekeeping. Cleaning removes visible dirt while sanitation eliminates microorganisms. Bacteria thrive in moist, unsanitary environments. Proper sanitation includes eliminating breeding grounds, covering garbage, and sanitizing surfaces. Pests like rats, roaches, flies and mosquitoes transmit diseases and must be controlled through sanitation, pest proofing, and targeted pesticides. Housekeepers should identify pest types and properly store, segregate, and dispose of waste to maintain hygienic conditions.
This document outlines a 4-hour curriculum for an integrated pest management training on managing German cockroaches. The curriculum includes:
1. Identifying German cockroaches and distinguishing them from other cockroach species.
2. Discussing the biology of German cockroaches and how it impacts management techniques, including sanitation, reducing habitat, and using monitoring and baits.
3. Hands-on exercises where participants examine cockroach specimens and develop IPM plans for case studies.
The curriculum aims to teach techniques for identifying, monitoring, and controlling German cockroaches using an integrated approach.
The document provides information on tools, materials, and chemicals used for cleaning as well as safety precautions. It lists common cleaning tools like brooms, mops, dusters and various cleaning liquids and chemicals used for tasks like removing stains, deodorizing, and eliminating insects. The document emphasizes the importance of carefully reading labels, storing products safely away from children and food, using protective equipment, and properly disposing of containers.
Taxonomy is the describing and naming of taxa and was coined by de Candolle in 1813. Taxonomic procedures include collection, preservation, identification, classification, and publication. Collections are classified as wet or dry. Equipment used for collection includes insect nets, aspirators, Berlese funnels, and killing bottles. Specimens are mounted, pinned, or carded for storage and identification involves using keys to recognize organismal identities. Curation involves organizing, maintaining, and administering collections while taxidermy is the preserving of animal bodies for display.
This document provides information about cockroach management. It discusses the habitats and behaviors of different cockroach species. German cockroaches are the most common found in homes and prefer warm, moist areas near food sources and heating ducts. The document recommends prevention methods like sealing cracks larger than 1/16 inches, screening vents and drains, and keeping food sealed. It also suggests monitoring with sticky traps. Control methods include using boric acid or diatomaceous earth in wall cracks and crevices where cockroaches hide.
Methods of insect collection, preservation, display and storage by Dr. T. Kri...krishnachaitanyatiru2
1. The document discusses various methods for collecting, preserving, and displaying insect specimens. It describes different types of nets, traps, and other tools used to capture insects in the field.
2. It then explains the proper techniques for killing, relaxing, pinning, labeling, and storing collected insects. Various preservation methods are covered, including dry preservation, liquid preservation, setting, stretching, and blowing larvae specimens.
3. Storage and display options like storage boxes and Riker mounts are also outlined to help organize and present collected insect specimens for research, education, or hobby purposes. Proper documentation and care is emphasized to maintain specimen quality over time.
What Did I Just Step On?!? Integrated Pest ManagementWest Muse
Pests can be a vexing problem for any institution. In the past, pest management involved regular applications of toxic chemicals to collection areas and specimens, giving rise to health and safety concerns. This session presents information on how to develop, implement, and manage an integrated pest management plan (IPM) that protects not only your collection, but also visitors and staff as well.
Moderator: Curt Schmitz, Registrar/Exhibits Manager, Idaho Museum of Natural History
Presenters:
Mary E. Thompson, Senior Collections Manager, Idaho Museum of Natural History
R. Jeff Castro, Career Placement Intern, Idaho Museum of Natural History
Catie Webb, Associate Registrar, Natural History Museum of Utah
House mice thrive in human structures where they find abundant food and shelter. They can contaminate and damage food supplies, transmit diseases, and gnaw on buildings. House mice are best managed by removing food and shelter sources, sealing entry points into buildings, and using traps or baits. Signs of an infestation include droppings, gnawing marks, smells, and sightings of the mice. Proper sanitation and exclusion practices can discourage house mice from entering homes.
The document discusses mold growth and prevention. It notes that mold grows where moisture and organic material are present. It then lists various areas where mold commonly grows, such as wood, paper, fabric. It proceeds to list 15 common causes of mold growth, related to humidity, roof leaks, condensation, and water damage. The document concludes by providing tips for proper storage and handling of materials to prevent mold, such as ensuring good ventilation, keeping items off the floor, and monitoring moisture levels.
This document discusses strategies for preventing, detecting, and controlling toxic mold in homes. It outlines how excess moisture can lead to mold growth, and recommends ways to reduce indoor humidity such as ventilation, insulation, and leak repair. Detection of mold involves identifying visual signs or odors of mold growth. Air sampling is not always reliable for detection. Control is a two-step process of thoroughly cleaning contaminated areas and addressing the moisture source to prevent future mold growth. Chemical treatments are generally not recommended for mold remediation due to health risks.
Taxonomic Collections, Preservation and Curating of InsectsKamlesh Patel
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Insect collection, sorting, killing, labelling,preservation and cataloging in...Amos Watentena
This document provides instructions for collecting, preserving, and displaying insect specimens. It discusses various collection methods like nets, traps, and aspirators. It also outlines the steps for properly killing, relaxing, pinning, labeling and storing insects. Specific techniques are described for preserving soft-bodied insects or larvae through liquid preservation, blowing, or Riker mounting. The goal is to teach entomologists how to build a collection of insect specimens that can be safely stored and easily studied.
Customers want effective pest management and are also concerned with health and safety in and around their homes. There’s a lot riding on your treatment strategy: Even the finest homes can become infested with pests due to the complex nature of homes and the constant pest pressure surrounding them. To make things more challenging, people are often very concerned about unnecessary pesticide exposure, while having a very low tolerance for pests in their home.
Mould is a common issue in Melbourne due to the humid climate and poses health risks. Vinegar is an effective natural solution for removing mould as it is non-toxic, affordable, and eco-friendly. To use vinegar, prepare the affected area, mix vinegar with water, then scrub the solution onto mouldy surfaces such as walls and tiles before rinsing. Repeated cleaning may be needed for stubborn mould and prevention methods like controlling humidity can stop future growth. Professional help is recommended for extensive or structural mould issues.
The document provides a home safety checklist and tips for making a home more firewise. It includes recommendations for reducing ember and radiant heat risks such as cleaning debris from roofs and gutters, screening vents, and using fire-resistant building materials. The document also provides links to additional wildfire safety and evacuation resources.
Mould can silently grow in homes, posing health and property risks. The document discusses mould types, health effects, signs of infestation, inspection steps, and effective removal techniques. It emphasizes controlling moisture and seeking professional help for severe mould. Preventing mould requires proper ventilation, quick drying of damp areas, humidity monitoring, insulation, and HVAC maintenance.
This document provides an overview of alternative pest and disease controls that can be used in the garden. It describes various physical, biological, and least-toxic chemical controls. The guide includes details on how to use tools like floating row covers, copper slug barriers, sticky traps, and beneficial nematodes to prevent pest problems without highly toxic pesticides. It emphasizes starting with physical controls, then biological, using chemicals only as a last resort, and always following directions carefully.
The effects of mold are far-reaching. In this blog, we will delve into the ins and outs of effective Mold Removal in Cape Coral and prevention strategies, empowering you to take charge of your home's safety and health.
Visit:https://www.servicemasterrestorations.com/water-mold-restoration-in-cape-coral-fl/
This document discusses mercury contamination in healthcare facilities and provides guidelines for mercury elimination. It notes that mercury can be found in medical instruments, laboratory equipment, and cleaning solutions. It outlines the dangers of mercury, including toxicity and environmental contamination. The document then provides recommendations for facilities to gradually phase out mercury-containing products through education, purchasing policies, spill response procedures, and proper storage and disposal of remaining mercury devices. The overall goal is to ensure safety and prevent further mercury release into the environment.
Rodents, insects, and birds are the main types of pests that can infest catering premises. They can carry diseases and damage property. To prevent pests, facilities should keep their buildings well-maintained and sealed. Regular inspections should check for signs of infestation like droppings or gnawing marks. Common control methods include traps, baited boxes, and insecticide sprays. Pesticides must be properly stored and monitored, as improper storage can cause deterioration or leaks. Maintaining cleanliness and repairing structures helps control pests and prevent infestations.
Rats can be problematic as they transmit diseases and damage food and produce. There are several signs that indicate an infestation, including droppings and feeding damage. Norway rats live in burrows while roof rats nest above ground. To get rid of rats, one must remove food, water, and shelter sources and seal entry points. Trapping is the safest method for removal, using snap traps placed near walls or in dark areas. Bait should be used carefully and sealed buildings are necessary to prevent poisoned rats from dying indoors. Proper sanitation and exclusion are key to long-term rat control.
The document discusses aseptic technique, which aims to prevent microbial contamination during pharmaceutical production. It outlines potential sources of contamination including the atmosphere, human breath/hands/clothing, and working surfaces. The design of an aseptic laboratory is also described, emphasizing its isolation from non-pharmaceutical areas, size for efficient work, windows for visibility but not opening, airlock entry, and smooth/impervious flooring, wall, ceiling and bench materials like terrazzo, linoleum and stainless steel that are easy to clean.
The document provides an overview of preservation basics for collections, including incoming collection inspection and storage preparation, housing and protection methods, and collection storage areas. The key points covered are: inspecting incoming collections for hazards and agents of deterioration; preparing collections for storage through cleaning, pest removal, and unsafe material removal; using archival housing like inert plastics and acid-free materials to protect collections; and maintaining optimal storage conditions by having a clean, stable space with proper shelving and labeling. The goal is to slow deterioration by removing threats and providing safe, secure housing and storage of collections.
At Specific Pest Control, we offer comprehensive moth control services tailored to the unique needs of your property. Our team follows a systematic approach to effectively eliminate moths and prevent future infestations:
Our experts conduct a thorough inspection of your premises to identify the type of moth infestation, locate breeding sites, and assess the extent of the problem. This assessment allows us to develop a targeted treatment plan.
Based on our findings, we employ effective and safe methods to eradicate moths. This may include targeted insecticide applications, pheromone traps, and heat treatments to eliminate eggs, larvae, and adult moths. We also provide recommendations for preventive measures to minimize future infestations.
This document discusses trends in floor coverings over time and the importance of indoor air quality. It provides tips for maintaining different flooring types and improving indoor environments. Specifically, it notes that carpeting was popularized in the 1950s and is still common but hard surfaces are growing in popularity. It also recommends regular vacuuming, cleaning HVAC filters, professional carpet cleaning, and controlling humidity to manage indoor air quality.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
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What Did I Just Step On?!? Integrated Pest ManagementWest Muse
Pests can be a vexing problem for any institution. In the past, pest management involved regular applications of toxic chemicals to collection areas and specimens, giving rise to health and safety concerns. This session presents information on how to develop, implement, and manage an integrated pest management plan (IPM) that protects not only your collection, but also visitors and staff as well.
Moderator: Curt Schmitz, Registrar/Exhibits Manager, Idaho Museum of Natural History
Presenters:
Mary E. Thompson, Senior Collections Manager, Idaho Museum of Natural History
R. Jeff Castro, Career Placement Intern, Idaho Museum of Natural History
Catie Webb, Associate Registrar, Natural History Museum of Utah
House mice thrive in human structures where they find abundant food and shelter. They can contaminate and damage food supplies, transmit diseases, and gnaw on buildings. House mice are best managed by removing food and shelter sources, sealing entry points into buildings, and using traps or baits. Signs of an infestation include droppings, gnawing marks, smells, and sightings of the mice. Proper sanitation and exclusion practices can discourage house mice from entering homes.
The document discusses mold growth and prevention. It notes that mold grows where moisture and organic material are present. It then lists various areas where mold commonly grows, such as wood, paper, fabric. It proceeds to list 15 common causes of mold growth, related to humidity, roof leaks, condensation, and water damage. The document concludes by providing tips for proper storage and handling of materials to prevent mold, such as ensuring good ventilation, keeping items off the floor, and monitoring moisture levels.
This document discusses strategies for preventing, detecting, and controlling toxic mold in homes. It outlines how excess moisture can lead to mold growth, and recommends ways to reduce indoor humidity such as ventilation, insulation, and leak repair. Detection of mold involves identifying visual signs or odors of mold growth. Air sampling is not always reliable for detection. Control is a two-step process of thoroughly cleaning contaminated areas and addressing the moisture source to prevent future mold growth. Chemical treatments are generally not recommended for mold remediation due to health risks.
Taxonomic Collections, Preservation and Curating of InsectsKamlesh Patel
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Insect collection, sorting, killing, labelling,preservation and cataloging in...Amos Watentena
This document provides instructions for collecting, preserving, and displaying insect specimens. It discusses various collection methods like nets, traps, and aspirators. It also outlines the steps for properly killing, relaxing, pinning, labeling and storing insects. Specific techniques are described for preserving soft-bodied insects or larvae through liquid preservation, blowing, or Riker mounting. The goal is to teach entomologists how to build a collection of insect specimens that can be safely stored and easily studied.
Customers want effective pest management and are also concerned with health and safety in and around their homes. There’s a lot riding on your treatment strategy: Even the finest homes can become infested with pests due to the complex nature of homes and the constant pest pressure surrounding them. To make things more challenging, people are often very concerned about unnecessary pesticide exposure, while having a very low tolerance for pests in their home.
Mould is a common issue in Melbourne due to the humid climate and poses health risks. Vinegar is an effective natural solution for removing mould as it is non-toxic, affordable, and eco-friendly. To use vinegar, prepare the affected area, mix vinegar with water, then scrub the solution onto mouldy surfaces such as walls and tiles before rinsing. Repeated cleaning may be needed for stubborn mould and prevention methods like controlling humidity can stop future growth. Professional help is recommended for extensive or structural mould issues.
The document provides a home safety checklist and tips for making a home more firewise. It includes recommendations for reducing ember and radiant heat risks such as cleaning debris from roofs and gutters, screening vents, and using fire-resistant building materials. The document also provides links to additional wildfire safety and evacuation resources.
Mould can silently grow in homes, posing health and property risks. The document discusses mould types, health effects, signs of infestation, inspection steps, and effective removal techniques. It emphasizes controlling moisture and seeking professional help for severe mould. Preventing mould requires proper ventilation, quick drying of damp areas, humidity monitoring, insulation, and HVAC maintenance.
This document provides an overview of alternative pest and disease controls that can be used in the garden. It describes various physical, biological, and least-toxic chemical controls. The guide includes details on how to use tools like floating row covers, copper slug barriers, sticky traps, and beneficial nematodes to prevent pest problems without highly toxic pesticides. It emphasizes starting with physical controls, then biological, using chemicals only as a last resort, and always following directions carefully.
The effects of mold are far-reaching. In this blog, we will delve into the ins and outs of effective Mold Removal in Cape Coral and prevention strategies, empowering you to take charge of your home's safety and health.
Visit:https://www.servicemasterrestorations.com/water-mold-restoration-in-cape-coral-fl/
This document discusses mercury contamination in healthcare facilities and provides guidelines for mercury elimination. It notes that mercury can be found in medical instruments, laboratory equipment, and cleaning solutions. It outlines the dangers of mercury, including toxicity and environmental contamination. The document then provides recommendations for facilities to gradually phase out mercury-containing products through education, purchasing policies, spill response procedures, and proper storage and disposal of remaining mercury devices. The overall goal is to ensure safety and prevent further mercury release into the environment.
Rodents, insects, and birds are the main types of pests that can infest catering premises. They can carry diseases and damage property. To prevent pests, facilities should keep their buildings well-maintained and sealed. Regular inspections should check for signs of infestation like droppings or gnawing marks. Common control methods include traps, baited boxes, and insecticide sprays. Pesticides must be properly stored and monitored, as improper storage can cause deterioration or leaks. Maintaining cleanliness and repairing structures helps control pests and prevent infestations.
Rats can be problematic as they transmit diseases and damage food and produce. There are several signs that indicate an infestation, including droppings and feeding damage. Norway rats live in burrows while roof rats nest above ground. To get rid of rats, one must remove food, water, and shelter sources and seal entry points. Trapping is the safest method for removal, using snap traps placed near walls or in dark areas. Bait should be used carefully and sealed buildings are necessary to prevent poisoned rats from dying indoors. Proper sanitation and exclusion are key to long-term rat control.
The document discusses aseptic technique, which aims to prevent microbial contamination during pharmaceutical production. It outlines potential sources of contamination including the atmosphere, human breath/hands/clothing, and working surfaces. The design of an aseptic laboratory is also described, emphasizing its isolation from non-pharmaceutical areas, size for efficient work, windows for visibility but not opening, airlock entry, and smooth/impervious flooring, wall, ceiling and bench materials like terrazzo, linoleum and stainless steel that are easy to clean.
The document provides an overview of preservation basics for collections, including incoming collection inspection and storage preparation, housing and protection methods, and collection storage areas. The key points covered are: inspecting incoming collections for hazards and agents of deterioration; preparing collections for storage through cleaning, pest removal, and unsafe material removal; using archival housing like inert plastics and acid-free materials to protect collections; and maintaining optimal storage conditions by having a clean, stable space with proper shelving and labeling. The goal is to slow deterioration by removing threats and providing safe, secure housing and storage of collections.
At Specific Pest Control, we offer comprehensive moth control services tailored to the unique needs of your property. Our team follows a systematic approach to effectively eliminate moths and prevent future infestations:
Our experts conduct a thorough inspection of your premises to identify the type of moth infestation, locate breeding sites, and assess the extent of the problem. This assessment allows us to develop a targeted treatment plan.
Based on our findings, we employ effective and safe methods to eradicate moths. This may include targeted insecticide applications, pheromone traps, and heat treatments to eliminate eggs, larvae, and adult moths. We also provide recommendations for preventive measures to minimize future infestations.
This document discusses trends in floor coverings over time and the importance of indoor air quality. It provides tips for maintaining different flooring types and improving indoor environments. Specifically, it notes that carpeting was popularized in the 1950s and is still common but hard surfaces are growing in popularity. It also recommends regular vacuuming, cleaning HVAC filters, professional carpet cleaning, and controlling humidity to manage indoor air quality.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
prevention and integrated control measures of arthropods
1. PREVENTION AND INTEGRATED CONTROL
MEASURES OF ARTHROPODS
Prepared By:
1. Deepa Jha
2. Bevika Shrestha
3. Bhim Kumari B.K
4. Khusbu Rai
5. Isha Dangaura Tharu
6. Ashok Kumar Mahato
7. Uddhab Burlakoti
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2. Content to be discuss
• Prevention from contact:
Rat proof storage of food items, closing of rat openings, proper
disposal of waste including garbage.
• Prevention from bites
• Integrated control measures of arthropods and rodents :
Killing through use of chemicals, insecticides, pesticides , gases
trapping.
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3. INTRODUCTION
ARTHROPODS :
They are phylum of invertebrates that have of segmented body and jointed
appendages ,a usually chitinious exoskeleton such as insects , arachnids,
crustaceans.
RODENTS :
Any of an order Rodentia of relatively small gnawing mammal such as mouse,
squirrel or beaver that have in both jaws a single pair of incisors with a chisel
shaped edge .
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4. PREVENTION FROM CONTACT:
RAT PROOF STORAGE OF FOOD ITEMS
A mice infestation in our home creates many inconveniences. Mice are known to
chew through food packaging which could leave our family vulnerable to illnesses
like salmonellosis, rat – bite fever, and Lassa fever. So that rat proof storage of food
items is must needed:
They are several ways to keep food away from mice or rodents:
1. Transferring food into containers:
storing of food in the pantry won’t guarantee the food safety as they can still gnaw
through your food packaging so it is important to transfer the food materials into
air-tight containers, heavy metal as well as glass and heavy-duty plastic containers.
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5. CONTI…
• Lock and lock easy essential
container food storage bin
• Stainless steel canister set
• Vtopmart airtight food storage container
2.Using refrigerators and freezers:
Another method to help protect food from mice is to use freezer or refrigerator. In
pantry due to small gaps, they can squeeze and gnaw our food packaging whereas
the freezer or refrigerator are sealed shut, so they cannot squeeze themselves and
destroy our food materials.
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6. 3. Sealing entry points of the house:
Mice or rodents can devise different ways
to invade into our house or pantry. Even the
slightest crack or small crack can be a viable
point for these pests. They can even chew
holes through your door and window,
floors which can be a passage for them. So to
prevent them from invading we can use following
materials to prevent their entry.
• Caulk and steel wool
• Cement and metal
• Glass and heavy duty plastics
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7. CONT…
4. Using mice repellents:
Using different rat repellents work well
in preventing any rodent infestations.
Some of the repellent techniques are:
*Setting up traps :
• Traditional snap trap
• Glue board or glue trap
• Electronic rodent trap
• Catch and release trap
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8. CLOSING OF RAT OPENINGS
Seal any opening or holes you find to stop rodents from entering.
These are techniques of closing of rat openings :
• Exterior hole or openings:
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9. Method of closing external openings or hole
1. Fill small holes with steel wool and seal
around the wool with caulk:
Buy steel wool online or at a hardware
store. Stuff the steel wool into the hole to
cover it completely, then put caulk around
the edges to keep the mice from simply
pulling it out.
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10. 2. Close larger holes with metal sheeting or
cement:
• Look for a cement mix online or at your local
hardware store, or buy metal sheeting that you
can affix over the opening.
• Measure the hole before you buy your materials
so you'll know how much you need . Make sure
you haven't left any gaps in the cement or
sheeting that a mouse could still get through.
• You can also use hardware cloth or lath screen
(backing material for plaster) to cover the holes.
Just don't use wood, which rodents can chew
through.
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11. 3. Seal cracks around doors and windows with caulk
or foam:
• Go around the outside of your house and make sure
all of your doors and windows fit tightly. If you see
any gaps, use caulk or foam to close them up. It'll not
only help keep your home cleaner and more energy-
efficient but also keep mice and other pests from
getting in.
• During cold weather, you can find outside cracks
from inside your home. If you feel a draft, a mouse
could use that crack as an entry point. Go outside
and seal it up.
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12. 4. Cover vents with steel screens to keep rodents
out:
• Some holes on the outside of your home are
meant to be there. Unfortunately, these holes
also present opportunities for rodents to enter.
• Buy steel screens at your local hardware store or
online and cover the vents with these. That way,
the vent will still work properly but won't serve as
a doorway for outdoor pests.
• Use caulk to seal the screen in place if you can't
use the vent cover itself to hold the screen on.
• Check roof vents and chimneys as well. Install
screens so rodents can't get through these holes.
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13. Interior hole
1. Trap mice inside your home before sealing up the holes:
• Look for signs that mice have entered your home, such as mouse
droppings. If you have mice living in your home, sealing up the
interior holes could trap them in your walls—and create a terrible
stench when they die.
• Use regular mouse traps to eliminate the intruders before closing
interior mouse holes. If there aren't any visible holes, drill a small
hole in your wall and place a loaded trap right in front of it.
• Set snap traps with a pea-sized drop of peanut butter perpendicular
to the wall, so they form a "T" shape with the wall. You can also put
them anywhere you see signs of frequent rodent activity, including
droppings or nesting materials.
• If you aren't successful in trapping the rodents on your own,
contact a local exterminator to take care of the problem for you.
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14. 2.Caulk up holes in and around cabinets and doors:
• Buy a tube of caulk online or at your local hardware
store and go around your home looking for any
cracks. Pay particular attention to the base and
backs of cabinets where they meet exterior walls .
• If you have a fireplace, check for possible holes in
that area. The warmth makes it an attractive area
for rodents to nest.
• When in doubt, run caulk over any crevices you see.
Even if a rodent can't get through it now, it might
expand if it isn't sealed.
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15. 3. Cover vents and drains with steel screens:
• Even if you've already covered the exterior
opening of a vent or drain, cover the
interior opening as well. Floor drains in
basements, garages, or laundry rooms can
be easy access points for rodents . Typically,
you can place the screen directly under the
vent or drain covering and seal it in place
with the cover itself.
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16. 4.Seal cracks along baseboards and in
closets:
• Use sealant or caulk if your baseboards
aren't completely flush with the floor.
Check for gaps also well the wall meets the
floor in the backs of closets, particularly
around the corners.
• Check your attic and basement as well. Pay
close attention to exterior walls, as they
can potentially give rodents direct entry
into your home.
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17. Proper Disposal Of Waste Including Garbage
What is Waste Disposal?
Waste disposal means removing, discarding,
recycling or destroying unwanted materials called
waste that is produced from agriculture, domestic
usage or industrial products. Following the correct
methods for waste disposal will ensure lesser
pollution and hazards for the environment.
Proper waste management is necessary with steps
involving the proper collection of waste and
scientific treatments that may contribute less to
water pollution, soil pollution and air pollution.
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18. Methods of Waste Disposal :
• The various methods of waste disposal
known are as follows:
• Landfill
• Incineration
• Biogas Generation
• Composting
• Waste compaction
• Vermicomposting
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19. • Landfill :
In this process, the waste type involves non-
reusable and non-recyclable substances
which are spread in a thin layer in specific
low-lying lands or areas.
These areas are dug deep where waste is
disposed inside then a layer of soil will be
used to cover it back.
These areas are declared unfit for activities
like construction of buildings for the next 20
years. That site can be made use for building
parks or playgrounds in the near future. It is
one of the hugely adopted methods of
waste disposal in a bulk manner.
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20. • Incineration:
Incineration is the treatment of waste or
waste disposal by the means of burning
where the garbage turns into the
incombustible matter like gases and ashes.
Incinerators are believed to be
environmentally very dangerous as the
resultants are heavy metals, which are
placed in landfills ultimately making air,
water, and soil polluted.
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21. • Generation of Biogas:
Food items, animal waste, municipal waste,
vegetable/fruit peels and organic industrial wastes
are biodegradable waste which means these can
be decomposed by bacteria or other organisms.
Using these wastes, biogas is produced at small as
well as a large scale where bacteria, fungi, and
other microbes easily degrade the substances.
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22. • Waste Compaction:
Waste compaction involves a proper
technique that includes shredding the
waste into smaller pieces, pushing to mix
properly and placing it in such a way to fill
voids.
Recycling is also one of the best methods
to reduce waste and it can be performed
for cans, plastic bottles, cardboards,
paper, metal, textiles, electronics,
batteries, tires, etc. Reusing these kinds of
wastes is possible through recycling.
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23. • Composting:
Composting is one of the waste disposal
methods that begin from our kitchen. It deals
with all organic materials including food scraps,
garden waste, fruits and vegetable peels. When
these substances are buried and left under the
soil for some days, those decay under the action
of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms
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24. Group4
• Vermicomposting:
Also known as vermiculture ,
vermicomposting is one of the waste disposal
methods and it is performed by the
decomposition process using white worms,
red wigglers, earthworms and other worms
to break the organic matter like vegetable or
food waste
24
25. PREVENTION FROM ARTHROPOD BITES
Preventing bites from arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, mites spider,
scorpions, crabs , prawn , flies and fleas , is important to reduce the risk of
various diseases they can transmit. Here are some general preventive
measures we can take:
• Use insect repellents :
Apply EPA- approved insect repellents containing active ingredients like
DEET ( Diethyltoluamide), picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) to
exposed skin and clothing . Follow the instructions on the product label.
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26. CONT..
• Wear protective clothing :
Cover your body as much as possible by wearing long sleeves ,long pants ,
socks ,and closed-toe shoes .for additional protection , you can also treat
your clothing with permethrin , an insect repellent specifically designed for
fabrics.
• Avoid peak activity times:
Many arthropods are most active during dawn and dusk , so try to limit
outdoor activities during these times when possible.
• Use bed nets :
When sleeping in areas with a high risk of insect-borne diseases , use bed
nets treated with insecticides to create a barrier between you and the
arthropods.
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27. CONTI…..
• Check for ticks :
If you are in an area where ticks are common , thoroughly check your body
and clothing for ticks after spending time outdoors. Pay close attention to
hidden areas such as the hairline, underarms ,groin and behind the knees.
Promptly any ticks you find using tweezers , grasping them close to the skin’s
surface and pulling straight out with steady pressure.
• Reduce mosquito breeding sites:
Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water , so eliminate standing water around
your home , such as in flower pots , buckets , or birdbaths. Regularly empty
and clean water containers to prevent mosquito larvae from developing.
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28. CONT….
• Protect your living area :
Use window screens , door sweeps , and other physical barriers to
prevent arthropods from entering your home or living area.
• Be cautious in high – risk areas:
If you are travelling to an area known for insect – borne diseases , take
extra precautions . Consider using bed nets , wearing protective
clothing , and using insect repellents consistently.
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29. • Call for expert for the vector control:
If we have persistent arthropod problem , or if we have unsure how to
handle it effectively.
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30. PREVENTION FROM RODENTS BITES
Preventing rodents bites is important to avoid the risk of diseases and
infectious that can be transmitted by these rodents. Here are some
preventive measures :
• Avoid handling wild rodents:
Refrain from touching or attempting to handle wild rodents, such as
squirrels, rats, or mice as they may bite when feel threatened or
cornered. This applies to other wild animals as well, as they may carry
diseases that can be transmitted through bites.
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31. • Seal entry points:
Rodents can enter our home through small opening and gaps. Inspect
our home and seal any potential entry points, such as cracks in walls
gaps around window and doors and opening for utility pipes. Use caulk
, steel, wool , or other suitable material to block these entryways.
• Store food properly:
Keep all food , including pet food, in secure containers that rodents
cannot access. Rodents are attracted to food sources, so make sure
your pantry and kitchen areas are clean.
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32. • Trim vegetation :
Trim tree branches, shrubs as rodents can use them as pathways to
access your property or home
• Remove clutter:
Declutter your living spaces , as it reduces potential hiding spots for
rodents . Keeps storage areas organized and free of clutter.
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33. • Set traps:
Consider using snap traps or humane traps to catch rodents that may
have already entered our home . Follow the instruction provided with
the traps and place them in areas where rodents are likely to frequents.
• Be careful in areas with rodents activity:
If we are in area where rodents are know to be present, such as barns,
warehouses, or construction sites, exercise caution and be aware of our
surrounding . Take extra precaution to avoid close contact with rodents
and their nesting areas.
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34. • Dispose of garbage correctly:
Rodents are scavengers, so disposes of our garbage in tightly sealed
containers. Outdoor garbage bins should have secure lids that cannot
be easily opened by rodents .
• Eliminate standing water :
Rodents need water to survive , so remove any standing water sources
around our property or home. This includes fixing leaky pipes,
ensuring proper drainage , and emptying stagnant water from
containers gutters and flower pots.
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35. • Maintain a clean environment :
Rodents are more likely to inhabit cluttered and dirty areas. Keep our
living spaces clean and tidy , and regularly vacuum or sweep floors to
remove food particles or crumbs . Clean up any spills immediately , as
they can attract rodents.
• Consult with professionals :
If we suspect a rodent infestation or have tried various preventive
measures without success, it’s advisable to consult with professional
rodent control services . They can assess the situation, implement
effective control methods, and provide ongoing monitoring and
prevention strategies.
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36. 8.3 Integrated control measures of
arthropods and rodents:
Killing through use of :-
• CHEMICALS
• INSECTICIDES
• PESTICIDES
• GASES
• TRAPPING
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37. 1. Some chemicals used to kill arthropods are:
Chemicals are those substances that are made up of different elements and have
specific properties. They are used in various sectors and in case of arthropods they
are used to kill them.
For example:
• Pyrethroids:
Pyrethroids are synthetic chemicals that
target the nervous system of arthropods.
• Organophosphate:
Organophosphate inhibit the activity of enzyme called acetylcholine steroids which
is responsible for breaking down the neuro transmitor acetylcholine in the nervous
system.
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38. Some of the chemicals used to kill Rodents are:
• Anticoagulant rodenticides:
These chemicals interfere with the blood clotting process in rodents, causing them
to die from internal bleeding.
• Acute toxic rodenticides:
These are fast-acting poison that cause rapid death in rodents.
• Non- anticoagulant rodenticides:
They affect newer rodenticides by affecting their nervous system, metabolism or
physiological processes leading to death.
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39. Some of the insecticides which can be useful
to kill arthropods are:
• Neonicotinoids: They act on specific receptors in the insect’s nervous
system, causing paralysis and death.
• Botanical insecticides: Certain botanical insecticides derived from
plants, such as neem oil, contain natural compound that can be toxic
to arthropods.
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40. Some of the insecticides used to kill rodents
are:
• Non–anticoagulant Rodenticides:
Some rodenticides like bromethalin and zinc affects the rodent’s nervous
system, causing swelling in the brain and subsequent death whereas zinc
phosphide, when ingested reacts with stomach acid to release toxic
phosphine gas, which is lethal to rodents.
• Cholecalciferol:
Cholecalciferol also known as vitamin D, is a rodenticide that causes
excessive level of calcium and phosphorus in the rodent’s body, leading to
kidney failure and death.
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41. PESTICIDES:-
• Pesticides are substances that are used to
manage(to control, repel or kill)
various types of vectors , including insects
weeds ,fungi , rodents and other organisms
that are considered harmful or unwanted.
• In Nepal various pesticides are used for the
integrated control measures of
arthropods(like insects ,ticks, mites)
and rodents (mice, rats)in agricultural,
public health, and other settings .
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43. Here are some commonly used pesticides that are
used in Nepal for arthropods control:
1.Pyrethroids:
They are derived from chrysanthemum
flowers . They act on the nervous system of
insects ,leading to paralysis and to death .
Eg : deltamethrin.
2.Organophosphates:
These are widely used pesticides for
arthropods control . They work by
inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase , an enzyme essential for
normal nerve function in insects . This leads to overstimulations of the
nervous system and eventually paralysis . Eg ; malathion , fenitrothion.
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44. Group4
3.Carbamates:
It shows the similar mode of action to organophosphates as they also
inhibit acetylcholinesterase . They are effective against a wide range of
arthropods . eg; carbaryl , methomyl .
4.Neonicotinoids:
They act on the nervous system of insects by binding to specific
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by disrupting the nerve impulse
transmission , leading to paralysis and death . Eg:
Clothianidi, imidacloprid.
44
45. Commonly used pesticides for control of rodents
1.Anticoagulant Rodenticides:
These are most commonly used rodent control . These chemicals interfere with the
blood clotting mechanism in rodents leading to internal bleeding and eventually
leads death . Eg ; warfarin ,diphacinone, brodifacoum etc
2.Zinc Phosphide:
It is another rodenticides used in Nepal ,it acts by releasing toxic phosphine gas
when ingested by rodents .The gas affects cellular respiration and leads to rodent
mortality.
3.Bromadiolone:
It is an anticoagulant rodenticide with a delayed –action formula. It works by
inhibiting the production of clotting factors in rodents ,leading to hemorrhaging
and death .
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46. GASES:
Gases can be used as fumigant to control arthropods in certain situations. Fumigations
involves the application of a gas or vapor form of pesticides to treat an enclosed area
reaching arthropods present in various life stages (eggs , larvae , pupae , adults)
Here are some example of gases used for arthropod control:
1.Methyl Bromide:
mostly used fumigants for controlling arthropods in stored grains , flour mills ,and
agricultural commodities , it acts by inhibiting respiratory enzymes in vectors interfering
with cellular respiration , and causing their death.
2.Phosphine:
Act as a respiratory poison in arthropods , disrupting cellular respiration andleading to their
mortality.IT is effective against wide range of arthropods , stored product vectors and
burrowing insects .
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47. 3.Sulfuryl Fluoride: It is a fumigant used for structural fumigation to control vector
such as termites , beetles and drywood termites . It acts by disrupting the energy
production mechanism of vectors ,damaging enzymes and inhibiting metabolic
processes.
4.Ethylene oxide : It works by damaging DNA and inhibiting cellular functions , leading
to death of arthropods.
Several gaseous used to control rodents :Here are some gaseous that are used for the
control of rodents , they are:
1.Phosphine(Aluminum Phosphide):
It works by releasing phosphine gas upon contact with moisture in the air or in the
vector body . Phosphine interfere with cellular respiration ,leading to cellular
dysfunction and ultimately causing death.
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48. 4.Chloropicrin:
• It act as a respiratory and eye irritant ,causing discomfort and distress
to the vectors. It also has repellent effect ,driving the rodents out of
the treated area.
5.Methyl Bromide:
• Works by disrupting the vectors respiratory system and metabolism ,
leading to death . However it has been phased out in many countries
due to its ozone depleting properties.
• Use of these chemical pesticides and gases to control arthropods and
rodents require specialized training and proper safety precautions to
ensure safety of humans and non target organisms.
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49. TRAPPING:
DEFINATION
Trapping is a method used in integrated pest management (IPM)
programs to control arthropods (insects and other small invertebrates)
and rodents (such as rats and mice). It involves the use of traps, which
are devices designed to capture and contain these pests. Trapping can
be an effective control measure because it targets specific pests while
minimizing the use of chemical pesticides.
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50. INTERGRATED CONTROL MEASURES OF
ARTHOPODS AND RODENTS BY TRAPPING
• Integrated control measures for arthropods (insects and arachnids)
and rodents can be effectively implemented through trapping.
Trapping is a popular and environmentally friendly method for
managing populations of these pests. Here are some integrated
control measures using trapping for arthropods and rodents:
• Proper identification: Identify the target pest species accurately to
determine the most suitable trapping method. Different pests may
require specific traps or baits.
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51. • In the context of arthropod control, various types
of traps are available, depending on the target
species and the specific situation. Some common
types of arthropod traps include:
• Insect traps: These traps are designed to attract
and capture insects. They may use pheromones,
light sources, food baits, or sticky surfaces to lure
and trap the insects.
• Fly traps: Specifically designed to capture flies,
these traps often utilize bait or sticky surfaces to
attract and catch the pests.
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52. • Yellow sticky traps: These traps consist of yellow-
colored sticky cards or tapes that are hung or
placed near plants to capture flying insects, such
as aphids and whiteflies.
• Pitfall traps: These traps are typically used to
catch ground-dwelling insects, such as beetles
and ants. They consist of containers partially
buried in the ground, with the top level with the
surface, allowing insects to fall into them
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53. • When it comes to rodent control, traps are
commonly used as a humane and environmentally
friendly alternative to rodenticides. The following are
some commonly used traps for rodents:
• Snap traps: These are traditional mechanical traps
designed to quickly and humanely kill rodents. They
consist of a wooden, plastic, or metal base with a
spring-loaded bar that snaps shut when triggered by
the rodent.
• Live traps: Also known as cage traps or box traps,
these traps are designed to capture rodents alive.
They typically consist of a metal cage with a spring-
loaded door that closes when the rodent enters the
trap.
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54. • Glue traps: These traps use a sticky adhesive surface
to capture rodents. Once the rodent steps onto the
glue, it becomes stuck and unable to move.
• Multiple-catch traps: These traps are designed to
capture multiple rodents without the need for
resetting the trap after each capture. They often
feature a mechanism that allows additional rodents to
enter the trap but prevents them from escaping.
• It's important to note that trapping is most effective
when used as part of an integrated pest management
strategy, which may include other control measures
such as habitat modification, sanitation, exclusion, and
monitoring. The specific trapping methods and devices
used will depend on the target pest and the
circumstances surrounding the pest infestation.
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