This document compares mercury concentrations in fish tissue samples prepared using three different methods: plugs, standard filets, and DEC filets. The objectives are to: 1) establish similarities between plugs and standard filets based on previous literature, 2) identify trends in mercury concentrations between DEC filets and plugs based on fish length and weight, and 3) evaluate the relationship between mercury concentrations in DEC filets and plugs. Results show mercury concentrations are strongly correlated between plugs and standard filets based on previous studies. Mercury concentrations in DEC filets and plugs both increase with fish length and weight, though the relationship is stronger for plugs. A regression equation is developed to predict mercury concentrations in DEC filets based on
G. Martinelli, Flavor Physics after the Higgs DiscoverySEENET-MTP
This document discusses flavor physics after the discovery of the Higgs boson. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered: 1) precision flavor physics, 2) CKM analysis and CP violation in the standard model, 3) Bτν & Bsμμ decays, 4) ΔF=2 transitions, and 5) conclusions. It then notes that while the Higgs boson has been discovered at around 125 GeV, no other new particles have been found, and flavor physics provides important constraints on possible new physics beyond the standard model.
This study compared mercury concentrations in fish muscle tissue samples prepared using three different methods: biopsy plugs, standard left side filets, and New York State DEC left side filets including skin and bone. The study found that plug samples had higher average mercury concentrations than DEC filet samples. A correction factor was developed and validated to allow comparison of mercury data across sample preparation methods. The plug method requires less processing time and maximizes storage space compared to filet methods. Future research should examine how factors like fish size, species, and lake chemistry influence mercury concentrations to support the results of this study.
The document describes experiments conducted to analyze how different factors affect the period of a pendulum. It presents data on the period measured over three trials for pendulums of varying lengths, masses, and amplitudes. The relationship between period and these factors is analyzed. The acceleration due to gravity, g, is also calculated using the measured period and length for different trials. Sources of error are discussed. Variables affecting period are inferred and applications of pendulums are explored.
Michelle Morrison presented on a study comparing a novel tubular anaerobic digestion technology called OBR to a conventional STR design. The study co-digested dairy slurry and glycerol. The OBR was able to successfully digest this mixture and achieved a 28% higher methane yield than the STR under optimal conditions. Continuous agitation improved yields in both systems up to a point, while decreasing retention time had a negative effect. The OBR was more stable but required more energy for temperature control and pumping than the STR. Overall, the OBR performed well and has potential for small-scale anaerobic digestion applications.
This study examined the morphometric and meristic characters of the fish Channa punctatus in the Indus River in Pakistan. 200 fish specimens were measured for 11 body parts and scales/fin counts were also taken. Regression analysis found strong correlations between total length and other body parts. Most measurements were found to increase linearly with total length. Meristic counts were also consistent between males and females. This baseline data on the physical traits of this commercially important fish will help with future cultivation efforts.
Organizational systems There are three main types.docxalfred4lewis58146
Organizational systems
There are three main types of organizational systems:
o Functional
o Matrix
o Projectized
In functional organizations, people are organized by teams that complete similar tasks. For
example, an IT organization may be structured into teams based on technology or application
(Web team, SAP team). People are assigned to projects generally on a part-time basis, but they
do not formally report to the project manager in any way. In projectized organizations, people
belong to project teams and report directly to the project manager. When the project is
completed, the team is disbanded. A research & development organization may be organized in
this manner. A matrixed organization is a blend of the other two styles. People report to both a
functional manager and a project manager. They have project tasks as well as ongoing
operational activities. There is considerable variability in this organizational style. The majority of
companies are structured with some sort of matrixed system.
The type of organizational system in place will affect how the project manager functions. In
functional organizations, where there is a strong departmental decision-making structure, the
project manager may not be able to go directly to the decision-maker. Instead, the project
manager may need to walk the organization chart so peers are discussing and deciding upon
scope, issues, and resources. The project manager will have very little authority to make
decisions and must focus on building strong upward relationships. Decisions may take longer to
be reached in this type of structure. In projectized organizations, the project manager will have
much stronger authority for decision-making, and will be more likely to be able to go directly to the
decision-maker. Regardless of the organizational system, though, the project manager will only
be successful when she builds strong consensus-based relationships with the key stakeholders.
(C) 2004-2005 Career Education Corporation Online Education Group
28 Chapter 1 Mattel Energy, and Measurement
(e) A paper clip weighs 50 mg or 50 g or 50 kg
(f) Your hand has a width of 100 mm or 100 cm or
1.00 m
(S) An audiocassette weighs 40 mg or 40 g or 40 kg
1.35 You are taken for a helieopter ride in Hawaii from
Kona (sea level) to the top of the volcano Mauna
Kea. Which property of your body would change dur-
ing the helicopter ride?
(a) height (b) weight (c) volume (d) mass
1.36 Convert to Celsius and to Kelvin:
(a) 320"F (b) 212"F (c) 0"F (d) -250'F
L.87 Convert to Fahrenheit and to Kelvin:
(a) 25"C (b) 40'C (c) 250'C (d) -273'C
Sectron 1.5 What ls a Handy Way to Convert trom
One Unit to Another?
1.38 Make the following conversions (conversion factors
-
are given in Table 1.3):
is labeled 208 mg/ml, how many mL would be given
in a daily dose?
1.49 A critical care physician prescribes an fV of .
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
1) The study examined 145 gobies (Parachaeturichthys ocellatus) from Malad creek in Mumbai from July 2010 to August 2011. It analyzed 19 morphometric and 10 meristic characters.
2) The morphometric analysis found strong correlations between total length and standard length. Standard length showed the highest growth rate while eye diameter grew slowest. Meristic characters showed limited variation.
3) Length-weight relationships indicated negative allometry for both sexes. Males showed a stronger correlation between length and weight than females.
G. Martinelli, Flavor Physics after the Higgs DiscoverySEENET-MTP
This document discusses flavor physics after the discovery of the Higgs boson. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered: 1) precision flavor physics, 2) CKM analysis and CP violation in the standard model, 3) Bτν & Bsμμ decays, 4) ΔF=2 transitions, and 5) conclusions. It then notes that while the Higgs boson has been discovered at around 125 GeV, no other new particles have been found, and flavor physics provides important constraints on possible new physics beyond the standard model.
This study compared mercury concentrations in fish muscle tissue samples prepared using three different methods: biopsy plugs, standard left side filets, and New York State DEC left side filets including skin and bone. The study found that plug samples had higher average mercury concentrations than DEC filet samples. A correction factor was developed and validated to allow comparison of mercury data across sample preparation methods. The plug method requires less processing time and maximizes storage space compared to filet methods. Future research should examine how factors like fish size, species, and lake chemistry influence mercury concentrations to support the results of this study.
The document describes experiments conducted to analyze how different factors affect the period of a pendulum. It presents data on the period measured over three trials for pendulums of varying lengths, masses, and amplitudes. The relationship between period and these factors is analyzed. The acceleration due to gravity, g, is also calculated using the measured period and length for different trials. Sources of error are discussed. Variables affecting period are inferred and applications of pendulums are explored.
Michelle Morrison presented on a study comparing a novel tubular anaerobic digestion technology called OBR to a conventional STR design. The study co-digested dairy slurry and glycerol. The OBR was able to successfully digest this mixture and achieved a 28% higher methane yield than the STR under optimal conditions. Continuous agitation improved yields in both systems up to a point, while decreasing retention time had a negative effect. The OBR was more stable but required more energy for temperature control and pumping than the STR. Overall, the OBR performed well and has potential for small-scale anaerobic digestion applications.
This study examined the morphometric and meristic characters of the fish Channa punctatus in the Indus River in Pakistan. 200 fish specimens were measured for 11 body parts and scales/fin counts were also taken. Regression analysis found strong correlations between total length and other body parts. Most measurements were found to increase linearly with total length. Meristic counts were also consistent between males and females. This baseline data on the physical traits of this commercially important fish will help with future cultivation efforts.
Organizational systems There are three main types.docxalfred4lewis58146
Organizational systems
There are three main types of organizational systems:
o Functional
o Matrix
o Projectized
In functional organizations, people are organized by teams that complete similar tasks. For
example, an IT organization may be structured into teams based on technology or application
(Web team, SAP team). People are assigned to projects generally on a part-time basis, but they
do not formally report to the project manager in any way. In projectized organizations, people
belong to project teams and report directly to the project manager. When the project is
completed, the team is disbanded. A research & development organization may be organized in
this manner. A matrixed organization is a blend of the other two styles. People report to both a
functional manager and a project manager. They have project tasks as well as ongoing
operational activities. There is considerable variability in this organizational style. The majority of
companies are structured with some sort of matrixed system.
The type of organizational system in place will affect how the project manager functions. In
functional organizations, where there is a strong departmental decision-making structure, the
project manager may not be able to go directly to the decision-maker. Instead, the project
manager may need to walk the organization chart so peers are discussing and deciding upon
scope, issues, and resources. The project manager will have very little authority to make
decisions and must focus on building strong upward relationships. Decisions may take longer to
be reached in this type of structure. In projectized organizations, the project manager will have
much stronger authority for decision-making, and will be more likely to be able to go directly to the
decision-maker. Regardless of the organizational system, though, the project manager will only
be successful when she builds strong consensus-based relationships with the key stakeholders.
(C) 2004-2005 Career Education Corporation Online Education Group
28 Chapter 1 Mattel Energy, and Measurement
(e) A paper clip weighs 50 mg or 50 g or 50 kg
(f) Your hand has a width of 100 mm or 100 cm or
1.00 m
(S) An audiocassette weighs 40 mg or 40 g or 40 kg
1.35 You are taken for a helieopter ride in Hawaii from
Kona (sea level) to the top of the volcano Mauna
Kea. Which property of your body would change dur-
ing the helicopter ride?
(a) height (b) weight (c) volume (d) mass
1.36 Convert to Celsius and to Kelvin:
(a) 320"F (b) 212"F (c) 0"F (d) -250'F
L.87 Convert to Fahrenheit and to Kelvin:
(a) 25"C (b) 40'C (c) 250'C (d) -273'C
Sectron 1.5 What ls a Handy Way to Convert trom
One Unit to Another?
1.38 Make the following conversions (conversion factors
-
are given in Table 1.3):
is labeled 208 mg/ml, how many mL would be given
in a daily dose?
1.49 A critical care physician prescribes an fV of .
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
1) The study examined 145 gobies (Parachaeturichthys ocellatus) from Malad creek in Mumbai from July 2010 to August 2011. It analyzed 19 morphometric and 10 meristic characters.
2) The morphometric analysis found strong correlations between total length and standard length. Standard length showed the highest growth rate while eye diameter grew slowest. Meristic characters showed limited variation.
3) Length-weight relationships indicated negative allometry for both sexes. Males showed a stronger correlation between length and weight than females.
This study analyzed the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn) and radioactive cesium (137Cs) in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from Thermaikos Gulf in Greece between April and October 2000. The metals levels were generally low and similar to unpolluted areas. Two temporal patterns were observed: cesium, nickel, and iron had minimum levels in spring and autumn, while copper, zinc, and manganese-chromium had maximum levels during those seasons. Overall, the results indicate low pollution levels in the gulf and validate the use of mussels as effective bioindicators of metal contamination in the marine ecosystem.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Publishing House
This study examined the effect of yarn count and stitch length on spirality in single jersey knit fabrics. 12 fabric samples were produced with variations in count (30-40 Ne) and stitch length (2.6-2.95 mm). The samples were tested for spirality after scouring, bleaching, dyeing and finishing. The results showed that spirality increased as stitch length increased due to more yarn twisting. Spirality also increased with higher yarn counts due to less fabric compactness and more loops available for twisting. In conclusion, using lower yarn counts and stitch lengths can help manufacturers reduce spirality issues in knitted fabrics.
effects of stocking density presentationNtanzi Ronald
The document summarizes a study on the effects of stocking density on growth and survival of Nile tilapia fry. The study tested densities ranging from 1000 to 5330 fry/m3. Results showed that survival rates decreased significantly at the highest densities of 4000 and 5330 fry/m3. Growth also became less homogeneous at the extreme densities. The conclusion recommends not exceeding a density of 2670 fry/m3 for maximizing survival and growth under the conditions tested.
Optimising the ripening period of Slow Sand filter Hemant Arora
The document summarizes research to optimize the ripening period of slow sand filters. The objectives were to optimize the scraping procedure, accelerate biological activity, and identify indicators of ripening. Various column experiments were conducted with different filtration rates, added nutrients and inoculum. Results showed that biomass accumulated mainly in the top sand layers. Columns with higher rates and additions had faster reductions in turbidity, particles, and bacteria/virus removal, identifying them as potential ripening indicators. Chemical parameters like DOC and TN did not correlate as well with ripening.
This study developed and tested a laboratory-scale conical spouted bed (CSB) reactor model to investigate minimum spouting velocities. Existing correlations for predicting minimum spouting velocity were found to have shortcomings for small CSBs. Experimental results were used to develop a new empirical correlation that showed excellent agreement. Ongoing work includes further testing to develop a universally applicable correlation, installing a data acquisition system, and designing a CSB biomass gasifier for hydrogen generation.
This document summarizes research determining the effects of the Fibrograph measurement technique on cotton fiber length measurements. Specifically, it examines how fiber crimp, the distance fibers are held behind comb teeth, and where measurements start can impact the 50% span length, 2.5% span length, and uniformity ratio values. The researchers analyzed fiber length distribution data from five cotton varieties measured previously using an array technique. From this data, they generated theoretical fibrograms to model Fibrograph measurements under different correction scenarios. They found that accounting for fiber crimp, the average 0.44 cm fiber holding length, and 0.38 cm start distance helped predicted Fibrograph values match literature measurements better in four of five cases studied.
The document provides information about the evaluation scheme, course outcomes, history, and concepts of chemical engineering and mechanical operations for a course. It discusses particle characterization, average particle sizes including Sauter mean diameter, and provides an example calculation for determining Sauter mean diameter from size analysis data.
Structural behavior of reed evaluation of tensilestrength, elasticityand stressIAEME Publication
This document discusses a study that evaluated the structural behavior and properties of common reed (Phragmites australis). Tests were conducted to determine the density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and stress-strain relationships of reed samples collected from three locations in Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that reed has low density, making it light and a good insulator. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity varied significantly between samples but were found to range from 89 to 234 MPa and 5.59 to 13.91 GPa, respectively. Due to the variation, the authors recommend using more conservative values of 70 MPa for tensile strength and 5 GPa for modulus of
Structural behavior of reed evaluation of tensilestrength, elasticityand stressIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the structural behavior of reed. Three reed samples were collected and tested for properties including density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and stress-strain relationships. Key findings include:
1) Reed has low density, making it light and a good insulator. Densities ranged from 0.413 to 0.852 g/cm3.
2) Tensile strength ranged from 89 to 234 MPa without nodes, 58 to 159 MPa with nodes. 70 MPa is recommended for design.
3) Modulus of elasticity ranged from 5.59 to 13.91 GPa, with a recommendation of 5GPa for design.
Sieving or screen analysis is a common technique used to separate particles by size. It involves shaking a sample through a series of sieves with decreasing mesh sizes to separate particles. This document describes conducting a sieve analysis experiment on calcium carbonate over different time intervals. The results show that longer sieving times of 6 minutes produced the best separation of particles into different size fractions compared to 2 and 4 minute intervals. Sieve analysis provides useful information about particle size distribution that is important for understanding properties and performance.
The document summarizes a jar test experiment conducted on water from the Kanawha River to determine the optimum dosage of alum coagulant. Six jars were dosed with varying amounts of alum from 10-60 mg/L. The pH, alkalinity, total solids, and turbidity were measured for each jar. The results showed that a dosage of 40 mg/L alum produced the lowest total solids and turbidity, indicating it was the optimum dosage for treatment of water from this source.
This document summarizes research on how the self-assembly of precursor ions influences the size of gold nanoparticles produced using the Brust-Schiffrin synthesis method. Specifically, it finds that the transfer of AuBr4 ions forms larger aggregates than AuCl4 ions during the phase transfer step. Larger aggregates increase the size of the resulting gold nanoparticles. Various techniques like NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations were used to characterize the aggregation behavior and hydration levels of different phase transfer catalyst anions, finding that anion electronegativity governs the extent of ion-ion aggregation during synthesis.
The document describes a study on separating minor actinides from simulated high-level nuclear waste using hollow fiber supported liquid membranes (HFSLM) and non-dispersive solvent extraction (NDSX). It presents the motivation, objectives, and overview of the research, which includes developing a mathematical model to represent metal ion transport across HFSLM and NDSX processes. The document then provides details on the HFSLM experimental setup and transport mechanism, and describes the development of a permeability-based model for HFSLM that is validated against experimental data on extracting neodymium ions using TODGA as the extractant.
Report for Experiment 4 Newton’s Second Law .docxsodhi3
Report for Experiment 4
Newton’s Second Law
Name: Your name here
Lab partner: Your partner’s name here
TA: Your instructor’s name here
The date of the experiment here
Abstract
Acceleration is the coupling strength between the mass of a system and the force acting on it. By
comparing the gravitational pull on a . One hanging mass of variable weight is attached to either one
puck (Investigation 1) or two (Investigation 2) on a frictionless air table. A spark timer gives a direct way
to measure velocity and time of the system, calculating acceleration for three hanging weights. Plotting
acceleration vs. the reduced mass of the hanging weights gives a value for gravity. Using one puck, the
data within uncertainty is equal to the standard value of gravity. Using two pucks, the data was not equal
to gravity within error, as rotational and frictional forces were not included in the linear model.
Introduction
This experiment will test Newton’s second law and how it relates to different forces. The law can be
summarized by the equation, F = ma. It is the point of this experiment to find an acceleration of an object
based on a given force and mass of that object. This will effectively solve Newton’s second law in the
form a = F/m. In the first investigation we measured the displacement of an air hockey puck as it was
pulled by three differing weights, using a spark timer. We calculated the velocity of the puck and graphed
velocity vs. time for each weight combination, which gave the acceleration of the puck. To verify
Newton’s second law we graphed the accelerations vs. the reduced mass of the system and then compared
the slope of that graph to the known value of gravity, 9.81 m/s^2. The second investigation used two
pucks strapped together, thereby changing the reduced mass ratio, but otherwise worked the same way as
Investigation 1 to calculate the known value of gravity.
Investigation 1
Setup & Procedure
The air table is set up with a pulley attached to a side. Two pucks are connected to a High Voltage (HV)
source to create a circuit for the spark timer. Carbon paper is laid on the table with white paper laying on
top of this carbon paper. The second puck is to the side but still on the paper so as not to interfere with
the motion of the puck under observation. Weights of either 50, 100, or 200 grams is attached to the puck
by the pulley and string. When the HV is on, the weight is dropped and the puck generates a spark every
30 ms. The spark will leave a black carbon dot from the carbon paper on the white paper, which can be
measured for displacement. The spark timer is set to 30 Hz, so the time between each dot is 0.0333 s.
Ten dots are counted and the displacement between them measured. Using this data, the velocity is
calculated and used to graphically find the acceleration of the system.
Data & Analysis
Table 1 – Displa ...
This document summarizes a study on structural damage to pork cuts (Longissimus dorsi) during slow freezing. Histological analysis was used to assess the area of cavities caused by ice crystal formation at different temperatures during freezing. Statistical techniques were applied to analyze the damage data and determine the relationship between damage area, time, and temperature. The maximum cavity area of 150.04 μm2 was found at -9.9°C. Ice crystal growth rate was highest at early freezing, with an average rate of 11.1 ± 5.5 μm2/°C. The statistical analysis improved understanding of damage development over the freezing process.
Total workflow solutions that cater every budget, performance or throughput requirement for confirmatory dioxin analysis were discussed in the Thermo Scientific Lunch Seminar at the Dioxin 2014 conference. D. Hope, CEO & Owner Pacific Rim Laboratoris, presented about the economies of POPs analysis from the point of view of a leading laboratory using the very latest dioxin method kits. C. Cojocariu, Thermo Fisher Scientific, discussed recent changes in EU regulations which bring new opportunities for more labs to participate in dioxin analysis and about validating methods using Gas Chromatography triple quadrupole for PCDD/Fs with reference to the new EU Commission Regulation No. 709/2014.
Genetic Variability for yield in Maize (Zea mays l.) inbred linesFekaduKorsa
This document summarizes an MSc thesis that studied genetic variability in maize inbred lines in central Ethiopia. 25 maize inbred lines were evaluated in a 5x5 triple lattice design trial. A number of agronomic traits were measured including days to tasseling/silking, plant/ear height, leaf characteristics, tassel/ear traits, yield components and grain yield. Analysis of variance showed significant genetic variability for most traits. Estimates of variance components, phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic advance were also calculated to understand the genetic potential of the lines for selection and breeding. The study provides useful information on the nature and extent of genetic diversity present in the maize in
Rock tape powertaping for common injuriesfirmanphysio
This document provides an overview of PowerTaping techniques for common injuries. It discusses how PowerTaping focuses on taping movements rather than individual muscles. PowerTaping is said to promote full range of motion, improve vascular function, provide comfortable support, and limit muscle atrophy. The document recommends RockTape for its elasticity, strong adhesive, breathability and durability. PowerTaping is said to enhance proprioception and nerve-muscle efficiency to maximize athletic performance through increased blood flow and skin stimulation.
This study analyzed the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn) and radioactive cesium (137Cs) in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from Thermaikos Gulf in Greece between April and October 2000. The metals levels were generally low and similar to unpolluted areas. Two temporal patterns were observed: cesium, nickel, and iron had minimum levels in spring and autumn, while copper, zinc, and manganese-chromium had maximum levels during those seasons. Overall, the results indicate low pollution levels in the gulf and validate the use of mussels as effective bioindicators of metal contamination in the marine ecosystem.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Journals
Abstract
The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.
Keywords: Spirality, Count, Stitch length.
Effect of count and stitch length on spirality of single jersey knit fabriceSAT Publishing House
This study examined the effect of yarn count and stitch length on spirality in single jersey knit fabrics. 12 fabric samples were produced with variations in count (30-40 Ne) and stitch length (2.6-2.95 mm). The samples were tested for spirality after scouring, bleaching, dyeing and finishing. The results showed that spirality increased as stitch length increased due to more yarn twisting. Spirality also increased with higher yarn counts due to less fabric compactness and more loops available for twisting. In conclusion, using lower yarn counts and stitch lengths can help manufacturers reduce spirality issues in knitted fabrics.
effects of stocking density presentationNtanzi Ronald
The document summarizes a study on the effects of stocking density on growth and survival of Nile tilapia fry. The study tested densities ranging from 1000 to 5330 fry/m3. Results showed that survival rates decreased significantly at the highest densities of 4000 and 5330 fry/m3. Growth also became less homogeneous at the extreme densities. The conclusion recommends not exceeding a density of 2670 fry/m3 for maximizing survival and growth under the conditions tested.
Optimising the ripening period of Slow Sand filter Hemant Arora
The document summarizes research to optimize the ripening period of slow sand filters. The objectives were to optimize the scraping procedure, accelerate biological activity, and identify indicators of ripening. Various column experiments were conducted with different filtration rates, added nutrients and inoculum. Results showed that biomass accumulated mainly in the top sand layers. Columns with higher rates and additions had faster reductions in turbidity, particles, and bacteria/virus removal, identifying them as potential ripening indicators. Chemical parameters like DOC and TN did not correlate as well with ripening.
This study developed and tested a laboratory-scale conical spouted bed (CSB) reactor model to investigate minimum spouting velocities. Existing correlations for predicting minimum spouting velocity were found to have shortcomings for small CSBs. Experimental results were used to develop a new empirical correlation that showed excellent agreement. Ongoing work includes further testing to develop a universally applicable correlation, installing a data acquisition system, and designing a CSB biomass gasifier for hydrogen generation.
This document summarizes research determining the effects of the Fibrograph measurement technique on cotton fiber length measurements. Specifically, it examines how fiber crimp, the distance fibers are held behind comb teeth, and where measurements start can impact the 50% span length, 2.5% span length, and uniformity ratio values. The researchers analyzed fiber length distribution data from five cotton varieties measured previously using an array technique. From this data, they generated theoretical fibrograms to model Fibrograph measurements under different correction scenarios. They found that accounting for fiber crimp, the average 0.44 cm fiber holding length, and 0.38 cm start distance helped predicted Fibrograph values match literature measurements better in four of five cases studied.
The document provides information about the evaluation scheme, course outcomes, history, and concepts of chemical engineering and mechanical operations for a course. It discusses particle characterization, average particle sizes including Sauter mean diameter, and provides an example calculation for determining Sauter mean diameter from size analysis data.
Structural behavior of reed evaluation of tensilestrength, elasticityand stressIAEME Publication
This document discusses a study that evaluated the structural behavior and properties of common reed (Phragmites australis). Tests were conducted to determine the density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and stress-strain relationships of reed samples collected from three locations in Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that reed has low density, making it light and a good insulator. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity varied significantly between samples but were found to range from 89 to 234 MPa and 5.59 to 13.91 GPa, respectively. Due to the variation, the authors recommend using more conservative values of 70 MPa for tensile strength and 5 GPa for modulus of
Structural behavior of reed evaluation of tensilestrength, elasticityand stressIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the structural behavior of reed. Three reed samples were collected and tested for properties including density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and stress-strain relationships. Key findings include:
1) Reed has low density, making it light and a good insulator. Densities ranged from 0.413 to 0.852 g/cm3.
2) Tensile strength ranged from 89 to 234 MPa without nodes, 58 to 159 MPa with nodes. 70 MPa is recommended for design.
3) Modulus of elasticity ranged from 5.59 to 13.91 GPa, with a recommendation of 5GPa for design.
Sieving or screen analysis is a common technique used to separate particles by size. It involves shaking a sample through a series of sieves with decreasing mesh sizes to separate particles. This document describes conducting a sieve analysis experiment on calcium carbonate over different time intervals. The results show that longer sieving times of 6 minutes produced the best separation of particles into different size fractions compared to 2 and 4 minute intervals. Sieve analysis provides useful information about particle size distribution that is important for understanding properties and performance.
The document summarizes a jar test experiment conducted on water from the Kanawha River to determine the optimum dosage of alum coagulant. Six jars were dosed with varying amounts of alum from 10-60 mg/L. The pH, alkalinity, total solids, and turbidity were measured for each jar. The results showed that a dosage of 40 mg/L alum produced the lowest total solids and turbidity, indicating it was the optimum dosage for treatment of water from this source.
This document summarizes research on how the self-assembly of precursor ions influences the size of gold nanoparticles produced using the Brust-Schiffrin synthesis method. Specifically, it finds that the transfer of AuBr4 ions forms larger aggregates than AuCl4 ions during the phase transfer step. Larger aggregates increase the size of the resulting gold nanoparticles. Various techniques like NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations were used to characterize the aggregation behavior and hydration levels of different phase transfer catalyst anions, finding that anion electronegativity governs the extent of ion-ion aggregation during synthesis.
The document describes a study on separating minor actinides from simulated high-level nuclear waste using hollow fiber supported liquid membranes (HFSLM) and non-dispersive solvent extraction (NDSX). It presents the motivation, objectives, and overview of the research, which includes developing a mathematical model to represent metal ion transport across HFSLM and NDSX processes. The document then provides details on the HFSLM experimental setup and transport mechanism, and describes the development of a permeability-based model for HFSLM that is validated against experimental data on extracting neodymium ions using TODGA as the extractant.
Report for Experiment 4 Newton’s Second Law .docxsodhi3
Report for Experiment 4
Newton’s Second Law
Name: Your name here
Lab partner: Your partner’s name here
TA: Your instructor’s name here
The date of the experiment here
Abstract
Acceleration is the coupling strength between the mass of a system and the force acting on it. By
comparing the gravitational pull on a . One hanging mass of variable weight is attached to either one
puck (Investigation 1) or two (Investigation 2) on a frictionless air table. A spark timer gives a direct way
to measure velocity and time of the system, calculating acceleration for three hanging weights. Plotting
acceleration vs. the reduced mass of the hanging weights gives a value for gravity. Using one puck, the
data within uncertainty is equal to the standard value of gravity. Using two pucks, the data was not equal
to gravity within error, as rotational and frictional forces were not included in the linear model.
Introduction
This experiment will test Newton’s second law and how it relates to different forces. The law can be
summarized by the equation, F = ma. It is the point of this experiment to find an acceleration of an object
based on a given force and mass of that object. This will effectively solve Newton’s second law in the
form a = F/m. In the first investigation we measured the displacement of an air hockey puck as it was
pulled by three differing weights, using a spark timer. We calculated the velocity of the puck and graphed
velocity vs. time for each weight combination, which gave the acceleration of the puck. To verify
Newton’s second law we graphed the accelerations vs. the reduced mass of the system and then compared
the slope of that graph to the known value of gravity, 9.81 m/s^2. The second investigation used two
pucks strapped together, thereby changing the reduced mass ratio, but otherwise worked the same way as
Investigation 1 to calculate the known value of gravity.
Investigation 1
Setup & Procedure
The air table is set up with a pulley attached to a side. Two pucks are connected to a High Voltage (HV)
source to create a circuit for the spark timer. Carbon paper is laid on the table with white paper laying on
top of this carbon paper. The second puck is to the side but still on the paper so as not to interfere with
the motion of the puck under observation. Weights of either 50, 100, or 200 grams is attached to the puck
by the pulley and string. When the HV is on, the weight is dropped and the puck generates a spark every
30 ms. The spark will leave a black carbon dot from the carbon paper on the white paper, which can be
measured for displacement. The spark timer is set to 30 Hz, so the time between each dot is 0.0333 s.
Ten dots are counted and the displacement between them measured. Using this data, the velocity is
calculated and used to graphically find the acceleration of the system.
Data & Analysis
Table 1 – Displa ...
This document summarizes a study on structural damage to pork cuts (Longissimus dorsi) during slow freezing. Histological analysis was used to assess the area of cavities caused by ice crystal formation at different temperatures during freezing. Statistical techniques were applied to analyze the damage data and determine the relationship between damage area, time, and temperature. The maximum cavity area of 150.04 μm2 was found at -9.9°C. Ice crystal growth rate was highest at early freezing, with an average rate of 11.1 ± 5.5 μm2/°C. The statistical analysis improved understanding of damage development over the freezing process.
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1. Comparison of Fish Mercury
Concentrations among Sample
Preparation Methods
Michael Persson, SUNY-ESF
Dr. Charley Driscoll, Mario Montesdeoca, Amy Shaw & Mariah Taylor, Syracuse University
1
2. Overview
• Background
• Objectives
• Previous literature to compare standard filets and plugs
• Comparison between DEC filets and plugs
• Correction between DEC filets and plugs
• Conclusion & the Future
2
3. Objectives of this Study
1) Establish similarities between the plug and standard filet
2) Identify trends between DEC filet and plug
• Length and weight across all samples
3) Evaluate the relationship method between DEC filet and plug
3
5. 1) Plugs
• Small amount of muscle tissue obtained from below the dorsal fin using
biopsy punch
5
Biopunch used to retrieve and recover muscle tissue
Two white circles represent approximate
sample location for plug
6. 2) Standard filets
• Left side filet of muscle tissue only
3) DEC filets
• Left side filet of muscle tissue including rib cage and skin (no scales)
6
Lines represent locations of incisions to be made to obtain a standard filet
sample. Numbers represent the recommended order for making incisions.
8. Murphy et al. 2009
Data source: 2008 – 2009 Baseline Monitoring Program (BLM); non-detects reported at ½ the MDL
Notes: all ages and sexes combined. Regression on log transformed data. Data is log base 10
8
Scatter plot of fillet vs plug mercury concentrations (ppm wet) in fish collected from Onondaga Lake
10. Objectives of this Study
1) Establish similarities between the plug and standard filet
2) Identify trends between DEC filet and plug
• Length and weight across all samples
3) Evaluate the relationship method between DEC filet and plug
10
12. -2.6
-2.1
-1.6
-1.1
-0.6
-0.1
0.4
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Plugln(Hgwetweightinµg/g)
Filet ln(Hg wet weight in µg/g)
All species
n=241
All YP
All RB
All CP
All LT
All LM
All SM
All WY
1 to 1
12
13. y = 0.0003x + 0.341
R² = 0.1873
y = 0.0003x + 0.3985
R² = 0.1847
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
[THgwetweight](µg/g)
Weight (g)
All fish sample masses (g) vs. [THg wet weight] (µg/g)
Linear (DEC Filet)
Linear (Plug)
y = 0.0012x + 0.1043
R² = 0.2272
y = 0.0014x + 0.1065
R² = 0.2476
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
[THgwetweight](µg/g)
Length (mm)
All fish sample lengths (mm) vs. [THg wet weight]
(µg/g)
Linear (DEC Filet)
Linear (Plug)
13
14. Objectives of this Study
1) Establish similarities between the plug and standard filet
2) Identify trends between DEC filet and plug
• Length and weight across all samples
3) Evaluate the relationship method between DEC filet and plug
14
16. • Similar to length-standardization
method for mercury concentration
• Plotted all filet and plug values to
gain trend
• Plugged original filet value into the
regression equation
• This value is, “projected DEC filet”
• Evaluated relative percent differences
(RPD) between predicted and actual
filet concentrations
• Fish mass (g) or length (mm) is
plotted against projected DEC filet
(µg/g)
y = 1.1446x + 0.0089
R² = 0.9735
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Plug[THgwetweight](µg/g)
Filet [THg wet weight] (µg/g)
Filet [THg wet weight (µg/g)] vs. Plug [THg wet weight
(µg/g)]
Linear (Filet vs. Plug)
16
17. y = 0.0012x + 0.1043
R² = 0.2272
y = 0.0014x + 0.1065
R² = 0.2476
y = 0.0014x + 0.1105
R² = 0.2272
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
[THgwetweight](µg/g)
Length (mm)
All fish sample lengths (mm) vs. [THg wet weight]
(µg/g)
Linear (DEC Filet)
Linear (Plug)
Linear (Predicted DEC
Filet)
y = 0.0003x + 0.341
R² = 0.1873
y = 0.0003x + 0.3985
R² = 0.1847
y = 0.0003x + 0.3814
R² = 0.1873
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
[THgwetweight](µg/g)
Weight (g)
All fish sample masses (g) vs. [THg wet weight] (µg/g)
Linear (DEC Filet)
Linear (Plug)
Linear (Predicted DEC
Filet)
17
Linear (Projected
DEC Filet)
Linear (Projected
DEC Filet)
18. Conclusion and bottom line
Benefits of plugs:
• Time
• Less spent on processing fish
• 30 – 45s per plug
• 3 – 10 mins per filet
• Freezer space
• Plugs: minimal
• Whole fish: large amount
• Sample homogenization
• 40 min to freeze mill 100 g of tissue
• ~1 min per plug by hand
• Humane alternative
• Practicing catch and release
18
19. Future
• Investigate correlations for lakes with varying chemical properties (e.g. eutrophic,
low ANC) and other target species (yellow perch etc.)
• More research needed to narrow the gap between predicted trend and plug line
• Create another evaluation?
• Utilize archived data sets
• Promote tagging and recapture
• Better monitoring practices
• Use the plug
19
My name is Michael
I am in the Air and Solid Waste Division
And under Waste Enforcement & Materials Management Branch
And then work with Resource Conservation & Pollution Prevention Section with Gayle Hubert doing Sustainable Food Waste Projects
This presentation covers some research that I participated in at Syracuse University
I will be presenting differences among sample preparation methods for total mercury concentration analysis in fish
As a quick note, all of my slides are numbered in the bottom right corner
Here is a general outline of the presentation
I will give you some background information about this study by defining the three methods of sample preparation
Then we’ll look over some literature reinforcing and supporting that the standard filet and plug are similar
Then, we’ll go over the objectives of this study
Next, we will compare some DEC filet and plug THg concentration regressions
Then evaluate an empirical regression to compare data sets
And finally, we’ll look over some conclusions, and future ideas of this study
Here are the objectives of this presentation
First, we’ll establish that the standard filet and plug are similar based on previous studies
Second, we’ll compare and identify DEC filet and plug regressions to determine any discrepancies
Finally, we’ll look at an empirical regression that can be utilized to predict DEC filet data and compare it to plug data
To better understand this study we have to know the similarities and differences between plugs, standard filets, and DEC filets
Plugs are a small amount of muscle tissue taken beneath the dorsal fin of a fish
Plugs do not include skin or bones
The tool that is utilized to collect the sample is called a biopsy plug
Here are two pictures that represent a biopsy tool, and where one would take plug samples
Standard filets are muscle tissues samples taken from the entire left side of the fish
Standard filets do not include skin, bones, and scales
DEC filets are similar to standard filets, but they do include skin and bones
Here is a representation of where/how a filet sample is taken
Now that we understand the three types of preparations we can reinforce how the standard filet and plug are similar based on some previous literature
Here is a study from Margret Murphy in 2009 with smallmouth bass, brown bullhead, pumpkinseed, and walleye from Onondaga Lake
These plots are represented as natural log wet weight mercury concentrations in microgram per kilogram
The x-axis represents standard filets and the y-axis represents plugs
The red dots are samples taken in 2008 and the blue dots in 2009
As you can see, the R squares among the plots is fairly strong thus representing that that there is a strong and positive correlation between the standard filets and plugs
Here are two plots from two different data sets from Syracuse University
These plots are not represented in natural log, but in regular wet weight mercury concentrations in micrograms per gram
The x- and y- axis’s again are standard filets and plugs, respectively
These plots are is represented as brook trout and yellow perch, respectively
The R square values from these plots also represent a fairly strong and positive correlation between standard filets and plugs
Now that we’ve reinforced that there is a similarity between standard filets and plugs we can look to identify and compare regressions between DEC filet and plug data
We will look at two different plots one with wet weight data that is natural logged, and then we’ll look at a plot wet weight data that is not natural logged
Here is the first plot represented as natural log wet weight mercury concentrations in micrograms per gram
The x- and y- axises are filet and plug, respectively. And here is the 1 to 1 line
As you can see, all of the species are represented here in their respective markers, and spans across multiple magnitudes
The yellow perch are on the lower end of the spectrum while the smallmouth bass are at the higher end of the spectrum.
Aside from four samples, there is a clear bias that DEC filet concentrations are low
It is hypothesized that it is because the skin and bones dilute the homogenized sample so to speak
Here are two plots that are not represented in natural log, but in regular wet weight mercury concentrations in micrograms per gram
Both plots contain all fish samples across all species and lakes
One plot represents weight in grams and the other lengths in mm plotted against total mercury concentrations of wet weight in micrograms per gram
The blue, and red lines represent DEC filet and plug regressions, respectively
As you can see for both of these plots the plug trend concentration is higher compared to the DEC filet trend
As I made these plots across all species, and lakes, plug trends were consistently higher compared to the DEC filet trends
Although the R squared values could be stronger, it is understandable that they are low because the trends span across all species with varying weights and lengths and concentrations
Now that we’ve identified some trends between DEC filet and plug data, we can evaluate an empirical relationship between DEC filet and plug data to compare it to plug data
I will first take us through how we evaluated an empirical relationship, then look at those results
So this is how we evaluated a relationship to compare DEC filet data to plugs
This method should be a fairly familiar method because our approach is similar to the length standardization method
We did this to identify the significance in the data
Starting off, as you can see, the R squared value is strong implying that for this particular case (all samples), the relationship between plugs and filets is fairly strong
Then we took the regression equation, from this plot and entered the original filet value for “x”
We labeled this value as the projected DEC filet value
This value was then plotted against mass or length to gain a regression that would be proximal to the red plug regression
As a side note we then evaluated the RPD between predicted and actual filet concentrations
These plots are the same as the two previous plots of weight and length with the x- and y- axis as weight and length, and total wet weight mercury concentrations, respectively.
Again these plots represent all samples across all species and lakes
However, notice the difference between the plots is that there is now a dotted blue line
This represents the projected DEC filet regression
As you can see on both of these plots, the DEC filet regression is fairly close in proximity to the red plug regression
Once again, although the R squares are not that strong, there is a clear visual similarity between the predicted DEC filet and plug regressions
So with this information in mind it is important to see some of the observable benefits of the plugs
The first is that it takes less time to process fish
The second is that plugs take up less storage space compared to whole fish
The third is less time spent on homogenization
And finally it’s a more humane alternative to taking the entire fish
To have stronger research we should investigate lakes’ chemical characteristics and other target species
In the future, we hope to be able to develop a more accurate and precise empirical method to apply to archived data sets to establish and compare more regressions to reduce the gap between regressions
By practicing a catch and release policy, tagging and recapture could be promoted and stronger monitoring efforts could be established
We could actually see the fluctuations in bioconcentrations a single fish
With all of this information, I personally would advise the use of the plug…
Thank you to the DEC, NYSERDA, and the lab for presenting me the opportunity to complete this research as an undergraduate
I will gladly take questions now!