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述职答辩
安徽大学资源与环境工程学院
地理信息与测绘工程系
副主任 王晨
mail@wang-chen.com
报告提纲
1. 研究背景与问题
2. 研究目标
3. 研究方法
4. 研究实施和数据分析
5. 研究结论
6. 总结与展望
2
1 研究背景与问题
研究背景
 在地理信息领域,三维可视化
• 是目前很多系统的组成部分
• 是炙手可热的交叉科学研究课题
 三维地籍可视化
• 针对地籍注册在空间上叠置的情况
• 解决了一些二维地籍可视化的不足
• 已经成为了很多试验性三维地籍系
统的可视化部分
研究背景
 对于三维地籍可视化,目前
的研究是不足的
只有不足10篇文章专门探讨了三
维地籍可视化
 使用三维可视化
• 是一把双刃剑
• 不仅仅是一个技术问题
5
研究问题
 二维的地理信息可视化知识
可能不再适用于三维地籍可
视化的实践
1. 视觉变量可能在三维可视化中
具有不同于二维可视化的特性
2. 视觉增强技术可能有帮助也可
能影响观察
6
2 研究目标
研究目标:总体目标
 研究提高三维地籍可视化的可用性
• 有效性
• 高效性
• 主观满意度
• 从图形符号学(Semiotics of Graphics)角度,研
究三维地籍的可视化设计
数据 抽取的数
据
三维模型 模型渲染
与实现
用户观看
可视化映射
Feature a
Feature b
Symbol a
Symbol b
前期工作第一步:初步研究
 目的:
分析三维地籍可视化可能涉及的可
视化任务
快速分析常见可视化变量在三维地
籍可视化中支撑用户需求的可用
性
 研究方法:
可视化专家评价
 过程:
提出了五个可视化任务
超过200个三维模型被创建和评价
表现三维空间和二维地块之间
的关系
前期工作第二步:用户访谈
 目的:
验证五个可视化任务
验证视觉变量的可用性
了解用户对三维地籍可视化的想法
 方法
与加拿大魁北克民法律师进行用户访谈
访谈中穿插可用性测试
前期工作第二步:用户访谈
 视觉变量相关结论:
亮度可能不适合在三维中作为视觉变量
色调在三维中依然具有很高的可用性
透明度的可用性尚无法明确
 用户意见:
用户对三维可视化很感兴趣,但是缺乏经验
他们想知道三维可视化对他们工作的具体帮助
先实现两个小目标
 评价视觉变量透明度在三维地籍可视化中的
可用性
 了解用户属性对三维地籍可视化可用性的影
响
研究范围:基于一个案例
 基于公寓空间分割的简单案例
研究范围:基于一个案例
 基于公寓分割的简单案例
c a
b
a. 简单管理边界
b. 简单物理边界
c. 连接边界
边界类型
3 研究方法
研究方法
 本研究使用在线问卷的方法评估透明度的可用性
(根据ISO 9241-11包含:有效性、高效性、主观满意度)
 在线问卷中包含可用性测试
 使用确定度替代主观满意度
 可用性实验遵循随机重复测量法(Randomized
repeated measure method)
 我们使用混合模型(Mixed model)对结果进行统
计分析得到结论
研究方法:三维模型构建
a. 简单管理边界 13%
b. 简单物理边界 36%
c. 连接边界 100%
alpha
边界类型
b c
a
• 每个模型使用三层透明度表现
三种边界类型
研究方法:三维模型构建
 6个模型,12次测试
• 其它视觉变量保持一致
• 环境变量保持一致
• 测试顺序完全随机
• 所有模型使用相同的几何
形态
研究方法:在线问卷设计
 问卷分为三个部分
 第一部分:收集参与者的背景信息:
1. 参与者背景
2. 参与者地籍经验
3. 参与者使用三维可视化经验
 第二部分:测试展示
1. 以例子展现测试案例
2. 参与者模拟操作测试界面
3. 参与者熟悉三维漫游操作
研究方法:在线问卷设计
 第三部分:测试部分
1. 6个模型12次测试
2. 参与者在每个测试中回答相同的问题
• 针对中间墙所在空间的所有权做判断 (有效性)
• 回答问题一的主观确定性:不确定/模棱两可/非常确定 (满
意度)
3. 系统自动记录回答问题所花时间 (高效性)
22
研究方法:参与者选择
 邀请民法律师和测绘专业测绘师方向的研究生
• 民法律师和测绘师是地籍划界公证的主要参与者
• 他们是未来三维地籍可视化的最重要使用者
• 选择研究生可以获得更多的参与者
• 加拿大魁北克拉瓦尔大学+法国国家地理学院(Institut
Géographique National)
4 研究实施和数据分析
研究实施
 开发了在线问卷网站和对应的自动数据收集平台
 在线地址survey.3dcadastre.com (已经下线)
 41个参与者完成了全部测试
 原始数据自动收集,数据地址
surveydata.3dcadastre.com
 基于混合模型,使用R和SAS进行数据统计分析,
程序地址
analysisscript.3dcadastre.com
5 研究结论
研究结论
 相比于不使用透明度,使用三种透明度层级表现三
种不同地籍边界类型可以帮助用户正确识别公寓内
的权利划分
 但是,用户回答有效性问题的正确率依然不到70%
 提示即使对专业用户,三维地籍可视化依然会带来
潜在的风险
研究结论
a. 简单管理边界 13%
b. 简单物理边界 36%
c. 连接边界 100%
alpha
边界类型
b c
a
a. 简单管理边界 13%
b. 简单物理边界 36%
c. 连接边界 85%
这种设计降低了高
效性
a. 简单管理边界 36%
b. 简单物理边界 13%
c. 连接边界 100%
这种设计降低了
用户回答的确定
度
这种设计比较不
使用透明度提高
了可用性
 不同的透明度参数会影
响用户对三维场景的观
察
研究结论
 绝大部分民法律师研究生并没有任何的三维可视化
使用经验
 实验证实,没有三维可视化经验会降低用户回答三
维地籍可视化相关问题的确定度
 提示在未来的三维地籍可视化实施中,要特别强调
对用户的培训
6 总结与展望
实现了两个小目标
 证实了视觉变量透明度在三维地籍可视化中是具有可
用性的
 证实了用户的三维可视化经验会影响他们对三维地籍
可视化的应用
 第一次以实证方法研究三维地籍的具体可视化参数
 研究成果发表在了顶级期刊Geoinformatica
传递了一个重要信号
三维可视化,看上去很美很灿烂。但是地理信息、信
息可视化、认知科学等领域多种实证研究(包括本研
究)反复证实,用户往往无法通过三维可视化很好的
完成可视化相关任务。三维地理空间可视化具有较高
的使用门槛和认知风险,迫切需要更深入的研究。
在安徽大学的工作
 将二维的地图符号编码方式扩展到三维以支持三维地
籍可视化
 是三维地籍可视化标准的建立的基础
 比较JSON格式和CSS格式
谢谢!
mail@wang-chen.com
数据分析
 基于混合模型的数据分析
 针对有效性:A logistic mixed regression (混合模型逻
辑斯蒂回归)
 针对高效性:Linear mixed model(线性混合模型)
 针对主观确定度:Generalized logit link with mixed
effect (基于混合模型的广义logit连接)

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Presentation_Blanch_Cn_whu.pptx

Editor's Notes

  1. arcScene, skyline, Cesium Overlapping situation: condominium, bridge 2D deficiencies: indirect, need mental process, sometime hard even for the professional Netherland, Australia, German, China, Turkey
  2. Why insufficient: 100 papers, only 10 concentrated on visualization. Only shojaei () and vandesheva () involved somehow user’s participation in visualization design Brings new opportunities, more design factors, But without careful design, may result result that couldn’t support user’s work The other factors Data, semiotics, users, usages ----MacEachren and Kraak (2001)
  3. Research questions
  4. Visual variables: size, shape, brightness, saturation, hue, orientation, texture, transparency Enhancement: labeling, object detaching, highlighting