SpeQtra het houten gevelelement van de toekomstwilliamvandepol
SpeQtra is een revolutionair nieuw houten gevelelement. Door middel van nauwe samenwerking met onze ketenpartners en het compleet afgelakt, beglaasd en gemonteerd leveren, eventueel inclusief het daarbijbehorende onderhoud, garanderen wij een houtrotvrij kozijn wat net zo lang mee gaat als dat u wilt. Onderhoudskosten worden gereduceerd met zeker 30%!
Study on Suppressive Effect of Anthropogenic Stress and Regulation of Hantavi...Abdullah Mahmud-Al-Rafat
Hantaviruses are primarily rodent-borne pathogens, which have received considerable attention in recent decades due to their high mortality rate. In order to find the causes of emergence of hantavirus-associated diseases anthropogenic changes are a priority. These include urbanization, deforestation, noise pollution, light pollution and electromagnetic fields, all of which have been shown to profoundly affect rodent physiology and immunology. These transformations act as chronic stressors to rodents and cause elevated concentrations of glucocorticoids, which are a major class of immunosuppressive hormone. Glucocorticoids are responsible for altering the immune tolerance of rodents, thereby rendering them susceptible to infection. A perspective of these events affords an insight into the extent to which anthropogenic stressors are responsible for the emergence and persistence of hantaviruses in rodents. Glucocorticoids induce T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes to reduce inflammatory and antiviral responses and to activate regulatory responses, principally through production of the cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β to support viral persistence. It is concluded that in order to develop a low-cost intervention strategy consideration should be given to a systemic approach to therapy of hantavirus infection. This would target both a reduction of anthropogenic stressors and a greater understanding of host-parasite interactions.
SpeQtra het houten gevelelement van de toekomstwilliamvandepol
SpeQtra is een revolutionair nieuw houten gevelelement. Door middel van nauwe samenwerking met onze ketenpartners en het compleet afgelakt, beglaasd en gemonteerd leveren, eventueel inclusief het daarbijbehorende onderhoud, garanderen wij een houtrotvrij kozijn wat net zo lang mee gaat als dat u wilt. Onderhoudskosten worden gereduceerd met zeker 30%!
Study on Suppressive Effect of Anthropogenic Stress and Regulation of Hantavi...Abdullah Mahmud-Al-Rafat
Hantaviruses are primarily rodent-borne pathogens, which have received considerable attention in recent decades due to their high mortality rate. In order to find the causes of emergence of hantavirus-associated diseases anthropogenic changes are a priority. These include urbanization, deforestation, noise pollution, light pollution and electromagnetic fields, all of which have been shown to profoundly affect rodent physiology and immunology. These transformations act as chronic stressors to rodents and cause elevated concentrations of glucocorticoids, which are a major class of immunosuppressive hormone. Glucocorticoids are responsible for altering the immune tolerance of rodents, thereby rendering them susceptible to infection. A perspective of these events affords an insight into the extent to which anthropogenic stressors are responsible for the emergence and persistence of hantaviruses in rodents. Glucocorticoids induce T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes to reduce inflammatory and antiviral responses and to activate regulatory responses, principally through production of the cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β to support viral persistence. It is concluded that in order to develop a low-cost intervention strategy consideration should be given to a systemic approach to therapy of hantavirus infection. This would target both a reduction of anthropogenic stressors and a greater understanding of host-parasite interactions.
2. Present Perfect Continuous mengungkapkan tindakan yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan sekarang masih berlanjut. Tenses bahasa inggris ini juga digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lalu dan baru saja selesai.
3. Penggunaan 1. tindakan yang telah dimulai dimasa lalu dan masih berlanjut sekarang 2. tindakan yang baru saja berhenti
4. Rumus : Positif (+) Subject + has / have + been + verb-ing Negatif (-) Subject + has / have + not + been + verb-ing Tanya (?) Has/have + subject + been + verb-ing ?
5. Contoh : I have been watching TV for two hours (+) He has been playing football since elementary school (+) Marina has not been learning english for two years (-) Have you been reading a book for an hour ? (?)
6. Keterangan waktu (adverb of time) yang digunakan, “for” dan “since” merupakan keterangan waktu yang sangat umum digunakan dalam Present Perfect Continuous tense
7.
8. Latihan I : terjemahkan kalimat ini kedalam bahasa inggris 1.Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam 2.Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ? 3.Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam 4.Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun 5.Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ? 6.Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam
