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Indictable offences refer to serious crimes that require a grand jury to determine if there is enough evidence to charge the defendant, and can potentially result in felony charges and jail time if convicted. They include crimes like murder, rape, kidnapping, robbery, arson and fraud. Indictable offences require a trial by judge and jury, carry more serious fines and potential jail time of up to life imprisonment compared to summary offences which are less serious and can be punished by a maximum of six months imprisonment and a $2000 fine if convicted.
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Sentencing
Judges have considerable freedom in determining appropriate sentences for convicted criminals. They must consider precedents, circumstances of the offense and offender, and the goals of sentencing such as deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution. More recently, there has been a focus on diversion programs as alternatives to imprisonment to reduce costs and prevent further criminal socialization. Conditional sentences allow offenders to serve time in the community under supervision for crimes with sentences under two years.
Sentencing
The purposes of sentencing in the UK criminal justice system are:
(1) Punishment of offenders, (2) Reduction of crime through deterrence, (3) Reform and rehabilitation of offenders, (4) Protection of the public, and (5) Making reparation by offenders to victims. Specific and general deterrence aim to deter individuals and the general public from committing crimes through fear of punishment. Other aims include incapacitation of offenders, retribution that sees offenders receive their "just deserts", and denunciation of criminal behavior by society.
4.1 statutory & judicial guidelines
Sentencing guidelines provide direction for judges and magistrates when determining appropriate sanctions for criminal offenses. They consider factors like the seriousness of the crime, the offender's mental state, and the needs of victims, offenders, and society. Guidelines aim to balance punishment with rehabilitation while promoting consistent rulings, but judges still maintain discretion depending on each unique case.
Sentencing notes
The document discusses the goals of sentencing criminal offenders which include deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, retribution, and restitution. It also notes that minorities are disproportionately represented in prisons and receiving the death penalty, possibly due to biases in drug laws, victim-offender status, and probation. To address disparities, mandatory sentencing laws and appointing judges for life rather than electing them are proposed. Additionally, "three strikes" laws aim to keep violent criminals imprisoned but may excessively punish non-violent offenders with life in prison for minor felonies and are very costly.
Ch 19 Sentencing and Punishment
The document discusses the history and justifications of criminal punishment including retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. It then covers sentencing alternatives and factors considered in sentencing such as felony vs misdemeanor crimes, presentence reports, and truth-in-sentencing laws. Finally, it briefly outlines probation, parole, the growth of the US prison population, and characteristics of those incarcerated.
Ch09b Sentencing
This document discusses sentencing in the criminal justice system. It covers traditional sentencing options like imprisonment, fines, probation and death. It also discusses the goals of sentencing which include retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation and restoration. The two main models of sentencing discussed are the indeterminate model and the determinate (fixed) model. It also covers topics like sentencing guidelines, truth in sentencing, and landmark Supreme Court cases that have impacted sentencing practices.
Civil Law
A civil case involves pleadings such as a complaint and response, discovery where each side gathers evidence, pretrial discussions to clarify issues and try to settle, a trial where a jury or judge hears the case, a verdict is issued, and the losing side can appeal. The goal is for the plaintiff to prove their case and receive a remedy using a preponderance of evidence standard, or for the defendant to avoid having to provide a remedy.
Sentencing
Once a person is found guilty of a criminal offense, the court must impose a sentence. Sentences can range from prison time to fines to unconditional discharges. Judges consider factors like the offense committed, the offender's background, and the aims of sentencing which include punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, protection of the public, and reparations. Sentencing also depends on things like whether the offender has a criminal record or mental health issues. Different types of sentences include custodial sentences, community sentences, fines, and discharges. Special considerations are made for young or mentally ill offenders.
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Sentencing
Judges have considerable freedom in determining appropriate sentences for convicted criminals. They must consider precedents, circumstances of the offense and offender, and the goals of sentencing such as deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution. More recently, there has been a focus on diversion programs as alternatives to imprisonment to reduce costs and prevent further criminal socialization. Conditional sentences allow offenders to serve time in the community under supervision for crimes with sentences under two years.
Sentencing
The purposes of sentencing in the UK criminal justice system are:
(1) Punishment of offenders, (2) Reduction of crime through deterrence, (3) Reform and rehabilitation of offenders, (4) Protection of the public, and (5) Making reparation by offenders to victims. Specific and general deterrence aim to deter individuals and the general public from committing crimes through fear of punishment. Other aims include incapacitation of offenders, retribution that sees offenders receive their "just deserts", and denunciation of criminal behavior by society.
4.1 statutory & judicial guidelines
Sentencing guidelines provide direction for judges and magistrates when determining appropriate sanctions for criminal offenses. They consider factors like the seriousness of the crime, the offender's mental state, and the needs of victims, offenders, and society. Guidelines aim to balance punishment with rehabilitation while promoting consistent rulings, but judges still maintain discretion depending on each unique case.
Sentencing notes
The document discusses the goals of sentencing criminal offenders which include deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, retribution, and restitution. It also notes that minorities are disproportionately represented in prisons and receiving the death penalty, possibly due to biases in drug laws, victim-offender status, and probation. To address disparities, mandatory sentencing laws and appointing judges for life rather than electing them are proposed. Additionally, "three strikes" laws aim to keep violent criminals imprisoned but may excessively punish non-violent offenders with life in prison for minor felonies and are very costly.
Ch 19 Sentencing and Punishment
The document discusses the history and justifications of criminal punishment including retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. It then covers sentencing alternatives and factors considered in sentencing such as felony vs misdemeanor crimes, presentence reports, and truth-in-sentencing laws. Finally, it briefly outlines probation, parole, the growth of the US prison population, and characteristics of those incarcerated.
Ch09b Sentencing
This document discusses sentencing in the criminal justice system. It covers traditional sentencing options like imprisonment, fines, probation and death. It also discusses the goals of sentencing which include retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation and restoration. The two main models of sentencing discussed are the indeterminate model and the determinate (fixed) model. It also covers topics like sentencing guidelines, truth in sentencing, and landmark Supreme Court cases that have impacted sentencing practices.
Civil Law
A civil case involves pleadings such as a complaint and response, discovery where each side gathers evidence, pretrial discussions to clarify issues and try to settle, a trial where a jury or judge hears the case, a verdict is issued, and the losing side can appeal. The goal is for the plaintiff to prove their case and receive a remedy using a preponderance of evidence standard, or for the defendant to avoid having to provide a remedy.
Sentencing
Once a person is found guilty of a criminal offense, the court must impose a sentence. Sentences can range from prison time to fines to unconditional discharges. Judges consider factors like the offense committed, the offender's background, and the aims of sentencing which include punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, protection of the public, and reparations. Sentencing also depends on things like whether the offender has a criminal record or mental health issues. Different types of sentences include custodial sentences, community sentences, fines, and discharges. Special considerations are made for young or mentally ill offenders.
capital punishment
The document provides an overview of capital punishment methods that are or have been used worldwide. It discusses 7 main current methods: hanging, electric chair, firing squad, poison gas, lethal injection, guillotine/beheading, and stoning. It also outlines some historical methods like burning at the stake, drawing and quartering, garrotte, and hanging, drawing and quartering. The document then summarizes the current global state of capital punishment, noting that 137 countries have abolished it while 58 maintain it in law and practice. It lists countries that still permit and have carried out executions in recent years. In closing, it poses discussion questions around the purpose and acceptability of capital punishment.
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2. It also covers alternatives to prison such as bonds, community service, and circle sentencing for Aboriginal offenders. Post-sentencing issues are examined including security classification and parole eligibility.
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The juvenile court system aims to rehabilitate young offenders rather than punish them. It handles two types of cases: neglect cases, where youth are abused by caregivers and the court can place them in foster homes, and delinquency cases, where a juvenile commits a crime. For non-violent offenders, the court may divert them into rehabilitation programs instead of formal proceedings. If tried, juveniles are not entitled to juries, their identities are kept secret, and they have rights like legal counsel to protect them. Successful completion of probation results in charges being dropped.
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This document discusses sentencing policy in India. It begins by defining the criminal justice system and its goals of punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and supporting victims. It then explains that sentencing occurs after a determination of guilt. The document outlines the differences between sentencing and punishment, and the significance of sentencing policy in ensuring just and proportional punishments. It discusses the goals of sentencing policy in India, the types of sentences, factors considered in sentencing, and the roles and powers of lower courts, high courts, and the Supreme Court in sentencing.
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The document discusses the range and effectiveness of custodial sentences for adult offenders in England and Wales. It outlines the types of custodial sentences available, including mandatory life sentences, discretionary life sentences, custody plus sentences, fixed term sentences, suspended sentences, and home detention curfew. It then evaluates the effectiveness of custodial sentences in protecting the public, rehabilitating offenders, and deterring crime. While prisons can protect the public from dangerous criminals, reoffending rates are high due to overcrowding issues. Prisons are also very expensive and can negatively impact prisoners' families. Overall, the document questions how well the criminal justice system meets the various aims of sentencing through the available range of custodial and community sentences.
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The document provides an overview of capital punishment methods that are or have been used worldwide. It discusses 7 main current methods: hanging, electric chair, firing squad, poison gas, lethal injection, guillotine/beheading, and stoning. It also outlines some historical methods like burning at the stake, drawing and quartering, garrotte, and hanging, drawing and quartering. The document then summarizes the current global state of capital punishment, noting that 137 countries have abolished it while 58 maintain it in law and practice. It lists countries that still permit and have carried out executions in recent years. In closing, it poses discussion questions around the purpose and acceptability of capital punishment.
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This is a sample for the HSC Legal Studies Crime package by HSC Apps. Just click Download and it's all yours to do what you want with it! All of the resources have been updated for 2014-15 to include the latest laws, cases and media reports. You'll see that this presentation includes the Crimes and Other Legislation Amendment (Assault and Intoxication) Act 2014, ‘Mandatory minimum sentences are a legal and judicial muddle’ (SMH, 2014), Lessons from the Kieran Loveridge Sentence (SMH, 2014), the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Amendment (Standard Non-parole Periods) Act 2013 and much more. To order, download the order form from our facebook page or contact us at info@hsclegalstudies.com.
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1. This document discusses sentencing and punishment in New South Wales, including statutory guidelines, judicial discretion, types of penalties like fines and imprisonment, and considerations in sentencing like aggravating/mitigating factors.
2. It also covers alternatives to prison such as bonds, community service, and circle sentencing for Aboriginal offenders. Post-sentencing issues are examined including security classification and parole eligibility.
3. Purposes of punishment like deterrence, retribution, and rehabilitation are outlined, as well as the role of victims in sentencing through victim impact statements. Appeals processes and other alternative methods to traditional sentencing are also summarized.
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The criminal justice system involves several stages once a crime has been reported:
1) The police investigate the crime, make an arrest if they believe they have sufficient evidence, and question the accused at the police station.
2) The accused is then either released or formally charged with the crime. If charged, they appear in magistrates court.
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The American Legal System
The document discusses several key aspects of the American legal system, including protections guaranteed by the Constitution such as habeas corpus, prohibitions on bills of attainder and ex post facto laws, and due process rights under the 5th and 14th Amendments. It also describes the purpose of a grand jury to decide if there is enough evidence to bring someone to trial, as well as the processes of plea bargaining and bail.
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The document discusses the concept of burden of proof in the legal system. It notes that the legal system must navigate uncertainty due to faulty memories, missing evidence, and disagreements. The burden of proof refers to the obligation of a party in a trial to produce evidence to prove their claims. There are burdens of production and persuasion. In criminal cases, the prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, meaning the jury must be highly confident (e.g. 95% certain) of guilt. It is better for guilty people to go free than innocent people to be convicted. In civil cases, the standard is preponderance of evidence, just needing to be over 50% likely.
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Assault is a severe kind of offence in Canada and the world. At first, it seems to be a simple act, but with time, things become complicated for the accused when one looks at its consequences, such as dealing with criminal record upon conviction. According to the Canadian legal system, there’s a significant difference between violence that ends with mere public disapproval and the one which results in serious repercussions.
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This document discusses sentencing policy in India. It begins by defining the criminal justice system and its goals of punishing criminals, rehabilitating offenders, and supporting victims. It then explains that sentencing occurs after a determination of guilt. The document outlines the differences between sentencing and punishment, and the significance of sentencing policy in ensuring just and proportional punishments. It discusses the goals of sentencing policy in India, the types of sentences, factors considered in sentencing, and the roles and powers of lower courts, high courts, and the Supreme Court in sentencing.
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This is one of the 52 Powerpoints in the HSC Legal Studies Crime Package from HSC Apps. Every presentation also comes with a video version that can be shared with every student in the school (the video for this presentation can be found at http://youtu.be/vn7PN4o0Rh4). For more information about the packages (which also include the Human Rights, Consumers, Family and Shelter topics, as well as Prelim Legal and HSC Business Studies), just send us an email at info@hsclegalstudies.com and we'll get straight back to you.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the range and effectiveness of custodial sentences for adult offenders in England and Wales. It outlines the types of custodial sentences available, including mandatory life sentences, discretionary life sentences, custody plus sentences, fixed term sentences, suspended sentences, and home detention curfew. It then evaluates the effectiveness of custodial sentences in protecting the public, rehabilitating offenders, and deterring crime. While prisons can protect the public from dangerous criminals, reoffending rates are high due to overcrowding issues. Prisons are also very expensive and can negatively impact prisoners' families. Overall, the document questions how well the criminal justice system meets the various aims of sentencing through the available range of custodial and community sentences.
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Statutory and Judicial Guidelines - Free Band 6 Resource
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Adarsh talking pen
The document discusses a proposed reading pen called Adarsh that aims to help visually impaired individuals read printed text by converting it to audio. It would be more affordable and mobile compared to existing screen reading software. The team plans to partner with Aravind Eye Hospital, India's largest eye care provider, to distribute the pen to patients who cannot be treated surgically for vision loss. This partnership could help the pen reach more rural users in a financially sustainable way based on Aravind Hospital's model of affordable healthcare.
Adarsh talking pen
The document discusses a proposed reading pen called Adarsh that aims to help visually impaired individuals read printed text by converting it to audio. It would be more affordable and mobile compared to existing screen reading software. The team plans to partner with Aravind Eye Hospital, India's largest eye care provider, to distribute the pen to patients who cannot be treated surgically for vision loss. This partnership could help the pen reach more rural users in a financially sustainable way based on Aravind's model of affordable healthcare.
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This document discusses Chotukool, a mini refrigerator innovated by Godrej to serve low-income markets in India. Chotukool can operate on battery, solar, or electric power. It has a 43-liter capacity and keeps items 28 degrees cooler without using refrigerant. Priced at 3,970 rupees, Chotukool aims to provide basic refrigeration to rural households and enable shopkeepers to preserve goods longer. It will be distributed through partnerships with the post office, microfinance groups, and self-help organizations to reach bottom-of-the-pyramid customers typically unaware of refrigerators.
Team dcsmat drip irrigation
The document discusses drip irrigation, an innovative irrigation method developed by Rakesh Gandhi. It saves water and fertilizer by slowly dripping water to plant roots through a network of pipes and emitters. Key benefits include increased yields and quality while reducing costs, water usage, and environmental impact compared to traditional flood irrigation. The method is well-suited for India's agriculture needs and climate conditions.
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NVIS Technologies is a leading manufacturer of microwave components and test benches for industry, defense, and education (paragraph 1). It provides world-class technical training equipment and solutions (paragraph 2). The company produces analytical products, test and measurement products, and training products (paragraph 3). NVIS Technologies manufactures various robotic products including Robocar, a 6 axis robotic trainer, and robotic systems (paragraph 4-5). Robots can perform dangerous, tedious, and dirty work for humans and help increase manufacturing competitiveness and jobs (paragraph 7-8). The robotic industry has seen rapid growth with record sales increases in recent years and this trend of automation is expected to continue alongside higher safety standards and standardization (paragraph 9-11).
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1) It introduces the group members and outlines the topics to be discussed, including crimes, the criminal process, and crimes that harm business or are committed by businesses.
2) For the first topic, it discusses the differences between civil and criminal law, how conduct becomes criminalized, the roles of prosecutors, juries, punishments for felonies versus misdemeanors.
3) It then covers the prosecution's burden in criminal cases to prove the defendant's conduct was unlawful, their intent, and potential defenses like insanity.
4) Later sections address specific crimes like larceny,
INCHOATE OFFENSE.pptx
The document discusses three types of inchoate offenses: criminal attempt, criminal conspiracy, and criminal abetment. It provides definitions and explanations of each offense. Criminal attempt involves acts done toward committing a crime that fail to complete the crime. Criminal conspiracy involves two or more people agreeing to commit a crime. Criminal abetment involves instigating or assisting another person to commit a crime. Lesser punishments are imposed for inchoate offenses than completed crimes.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines key concepts related to crime, deviance, and social control. It discusses how definitions of deviance can vary across cultures and over time. Crime is defined as acts against the law, while deviance breaks social norms and values. Deviance can be situational, historical, or cross-cultural. Formal social control is exercised through government institutions like police and courts, while informal control comes from groups like family, education, and peer networks. Explanations of crime focus on factors like social class, gender roles, racism, and lack of opportunities that may lead some groups to commit crimes at higher rates.
The criminal code of canada
The document outlines various criminal offences in Canada, including their elements and classifications. It discusses violent offences like homicide, murder, manslaughter, and assault. It also covers sexual assault and identifies three levels based on severity of the crime. Motor vehicle offences in the Criminal Code like dangerous operation and hit-and-run are explained. Impaired driving laws and penalties for exceeding blood alcohol limits while operating a vehicle are also summarized.
Harsher Punishments: Solution to crime?
This document presents arguments for and against whether harsher punishments are a solution to crime. Those in favor argue that harsher punishments can deter criminal acts by increasing the costs. However, others argue that harsher punishments alone do not address the root causes of crime and can breed more resentment and aggression. While punishments may deter some "rational" criminals, they will not affect those with mental illness or who cannot control their actions. Ultimately, the document concludes that while punishment can deter crime, harsher punishments are not a complete solution and must be coupled with other approaches like rehabilitation and addressing societal issues to be effective.
Chapter 11
This document discusses the goals of punishment and sentencing. It outlines several goals of punishment, including general deterrence, incapacitation, specific deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation, equity/restitution, and restoration. It then discusses different sentencing models like determinate vs indeterminate sentencing and factors that affect sentencing decisions. It finishes with an overview of capital punishment, including current execution numbers, DNA evidence challenges, and arguments for and against the death penalty.
Lecture 8 - CJS FINAL (LEJ).pdf
The document provides an overview of the criminal justice system, including:
1) It defines criminal justice and outlines the key stages from arrest through to sentencing.
2) It discusses the two main models of criminal justice - crime control which prioritizes repression of crime, and due process which prioritizes preventing unfairness.
3) It examines the use of experts in criminal cases and how they can either support crime control by aiding convictions or support due process by ensuring accurate examination of evidence.
Our court system
The Australian court system is organized in a hierarchy with the High Court at the top hearing appeals from state Supreme Courts and constitutional issues. Below this are the Supreme Courts which handle serious criminal cases like murder and large civil claims. Next are the County Courts which hear serious criminal matters and civil injury claims. The Magistrates' Court is the lowest court dealing with minor offenses and civil claims under $100,000 as well as committal hearings for more serious crimes.
Similar to Presentation1 (20)
Presentation1
- 1. What is Indictable Offences? • a crime (offence) for which a grand jury rules that there is enough evidence to charge defendant with a felony (a crime punishable by death or a term in the state penitentiary). These crimes include murder, manslaughter, rape, kidnapping, gran d theft, robbery, burglary, arson, conspiracy, frau d, and other major crimes, as well as attempts to commit them.
- 2. JAIL TIME! Indictable Offenses are simply serious offences than can put a person in jail if proven guilty.
- 3. What is the difference between summary and indictable offences? • If you are charged with a summary offense, you do not have to a trial by jury. • Indictable offenses require a trial by judge and jury.
- 4. FOR HOW LONG? • INDICTABLE OFFENCES- Indictable offences can carry serious fines and jail time up to life imprisonment. • SUMMARY OFFENCES- summary conviction offences can be punished by a maximum of six months imprisonment, a fine of $2000, or both.
- 5. The End.