Research involves systematically seeking answers to questions across various subjects, highlighting the necessity of addressing incomplete knowledge. It typically differentiates between primary (empirical) and secondary research, with a focus on analyzing and interpreting data. A research paper presents an individual's conclusions from their investigations, fostering critical thinking and adhering to scholarly writing conventions.

1. Research
In virtually every subject area, our knowledge
is incomplete and problems are waiting to be
solved. We can address our incomplete
knowledge and unsolved problems by asking
relevant questions and then seeking answers
through systematic research. We have many
tools at our disposal to help us do these
things—not only physical tools but also
mental and social tools.
Leedy & Ormrod, Practical Research

2. Research in Academic
Settings
- Definition of Research
- A research paper is an in-depth study
of a specific and distinct topic.
- Writer’s interpretation backed up with
facts that show how you reached your
conclusions.
- Audience’s expectations

3. Research ‘simply means trying to find
answers to questions’ (Dornyei, 2007, p.
15),
Research is ‘the organized, systematic
search for answers to the questions we
ask’ (Hatch & Lazaraton, 1991, p. 1)

4. -Research is usually divided into
primary, also called empirical, and
secondary or library research.
- In some texts, ‘Empirical’ is
exclusively used with scientific
method and quantitative research.
For others, it means first-hand data
research.
Research Types

5. Primary = facts-based
Secondary= inferences-based
Inferences of others (in previous
primary researches)

6. -A Report is merely a collection of facts
(i.e., the writer’s perspective is absent)
-A thesis is another type in which the
researcher hypothesizes something to
be checked by a specific procedure.
-Ours are mostly of the second type
Thesis Vs. Report

7. In report no judgement or evaluation is
given of the findings.
Thesis : take a definite stand on an
issue.
A ‘thesis’ is “ a proposition or point of
view that you are willing to argue
against or to defend” (Winkler and
Metherell, 5)

8. Writing a research paper
requires you to seek out
information about a subject,
take a stand on it, and back it up
with the opinions, ideas and
views of others.
The result is known as : term
paper or library paper.

9. What is a Research Paper
A research paper is a report that an
individual presents to others about
the conclusions he or she has
reached after investigating a subject
and carefully assessing the
information he or she has gathered.

10. Research is both ‘Product’ and
‘Process’
The final outcome of the research
process is what we call a (research)
paper.

11. Why Doing Research Papers
Human Curiosity Better understanding
Problem–solving
Development of critical and logical
thinking and sound reasoning and
argumentation

12. - Increase knowledge of a certain topic
- Knowing the conventions of scholarly
writing
- Simply required in courses!