Its a presentation about the formula electric vehicles FEV about suspension system wheel design hub design their angles like castle angle toe angle. It also contains about the design about double wishbone Suspension system. Mechanical students who are working on FEV design during their project can take help from this presentation. Motivated and detail-oriented Fresher Mechanical Engineer with a passion for designing and developing innovative mechanical components. Skilled in analyzing and troubleshooting complex mechanical problems, collaborating with cross-functional teams, and implementing cost-effective manufacturing processes. Introduction: The importance of deduction of marks, which has always been debatable, has now up surged numerous argument in favour and against it, now it has become even more controversial. The substantial influence of late submission has sparked the controversy over the potential impact of this trend in an integral part of the community/society/education system/individual’s/people in recent years. It can be agreed that upside of marks deduction is instrumental indeed; however, it has some drawbacks as well. This essay will elaborate both assertions and will provide to a well-weighed conclusion. BODY 1 (+) At the outset, there are numerous reasons why deduction of marks is unreservedly salient, but the most conspicuous one lies in the fact that the perks associated with Late submission has not only greatly influenced the individuals but also leaves a great impact on communit education. For example, in recent decades it has developed ease and efficacy when it comes to + and +. Therefore, it is certainly a vital time for people to appreciate the significance of TOPIC C for the overall amelioration of the Society/people. BODY 2 ( - ) However, there are some people, who choose to think differently and hold an opposing view point which can certainly overwhelm the potential influence of TOPIC A. Nevertheless, the contradiction is rooted in the fact the pitfalls of TOPIC B in some instances can be disadvantageous. For instance, the threat it imposes on society can be daunting in multifarious ways from , , and what not. Hence, it is apparent that downside of TOPIC C cannot be overlooked. Conclusion: The above presented dissertation illustrates both perspectives about the impact of TOPIC A while it is evident that it has various benefits, although it’s deleterious effects cannot be ignored and have to be addressed and well balanced against its merits.

2. Design And Development Of Formula Student
Vehicle With Focus To Rear Suspension And
Seating System

3. Group Members:
Muhammad Sumeet (70101086)
Sameen Ur Rehman (70098095)
Muhammad Usama (70099134)
Ahmed Ali Raza (70098220)

4. Table Of Content:
Introduction to Formula Student Vehicle Design
 Methodology and Compliance with Formula Student Rules
Suspension System Fundamentals
Suspension Components and Design Considerations
Suspension Design Challenges and Objectives
Impacts on Vehicle Handling and Performance
Seating System and Ergonomics
Material Selection and Structural Parameters
Analysis on Wheel Disc Brake
Conclusion and Future Improvements

5. Introduction to Formula Student Vehicle
Design:
Formula Student is the biggest and best of its kind in Europe. By challenging college students to
design, develop, market, and compete as a team with a small single-seat racing car, the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) and several well-known companies in the sector
hope to promote engineering careers and excellence.
It offers the students a hands-on learning experience for automotive engineering's design,
manufacture, and commercial aspects. It teaches them how to work together effectively under
time constraints and pressure. It requires complete dedication, many late hours, and numerous
obstacles along the way, but the end result is the growth of exceptionally gifted young
engineers.

6. At its core, the Formula Student Electric Vehicle competition aims to foster innovation and
excellence in engineering education. Teams of students from various universities around the
world come together to construct high-performance electric race cars from scratch. These teams
are required to comply with specific rules and regulations set by the competition organizers. This
ensures that all participants work within a common framework while allowing ample room for
ingenuity and novel solutions.

7. Methodology
Planning and
Design
Procurement
of Parts
Building the
Car
Testing and
Validation
Racing

8. Compliance with Formula Student Rules
1.Technical Regulations: These specify requirements for the car's design, dimensions, materials,
and components. This includes details about the engine, suspension, brakes, tires, and other
technical aspects.
2.Safety Regulations: Safety is a top priority, and the rules outline various safety
measures that the car must comply with to ensure the well-being of the drivers,
spectators, and event organizers.
3.Cost and Manufacturing Constraints: Formula Student competitions often have cost
limitations to encourage efficient and cost-effective design solutions.
4.Static Events: Teams typically need to present their design, cost, and business plans to
a panel of judges.
5.Dynamic Events: These include various performance tests such as acceleration, skid
pad, autocross, and endurance.

9. Formula Student Competition Overview:
• Formula Student is an engineering design competition that challenges university students to design, build,
and race a formula-style race car.
•Teams are typically composed of undergraduate and graduate students from various engineering
disciplines, working together to create the race car.
•The competition is organized by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) and takes place in
different locations worldwide.
• Each team must adhere to a set of rules and regulations provided by the competition organizers, ensuring
safety and fair competition.
•The cars are judged on various criteria, including design, cost analysis, acceleration, skid-pad performance,
autocross, endurance, and fuel efficiency.
•Static events include design presentation, business case, and cost report to assess the team's engineering
and financial planning skills.

10. Dynamic events involve testing the car's performance on the track, showcasing its speed, agility,
and handling capabilities.
Endurance event is a long-distance race that tests the car's reliability and efficiency under
challenging conditions.
Formula Student encourages innovation and creativity, rewarding teams that come up with
novel and practical engineering solutions.
The competition provides students with valuable hands-on experience, networking
opportunities, and exposure to the automotive industry.
Judges and mentors from the motorsport and automotive sectors often participate, offering
feedback and industry insights to the students.

12. Significance of Rear Suspension and
Seating System
The rear suspension and seating system of a Formula
Student electric vehicle are crucial components that
significantly impact the car's overall performance, safety,
and comfort. Here's the significance of each:
Rear Suspension:
1. Handling and Stability
2. Weight Distribution
3. Customization
4. Tunability
5. Impact on Lap Times

13. Seating System:
1. Driver Comfort and Safety
2. Ergonomics
3. Communication and Controls
4. Weight Considerations
5. Compliance with Regulations
In conclusion, the rear suspension and seating system of a Formula Student electric vehicle are vital
elements that impact the car's performance, handling, safety, and driver comfort. A well-designed and
optimized rear suspension and seating system contribute to the vehicle's competitiveness and success in
the competition.

14. Suspension System Fundamentals:
Suspension's Role in Vehicle Dynamics:
The suspension system plays a crucial role in the vehicle dynamics of a
Formula Student electric vehicle. Vehicle dynamics refer to how the car
behaves and responds to various forces and inputs while in motion. Here's
how the suspension system influences vehicle dynamics:
1. Handling and Cornering:
2. Ride Comfort:
3. Weight Distribution:
4. Braking Performance:
5. Acceleration and Traction:
6. Roll Control:
7. Adjustability:
8. Compliance with Regulations:

15. Importance of Controlling Wheel-Body Relative Motion:
Controlling the wheel-body relative motion of a Formula Student electric vehicle is of utmost importance as it
directly influences the vehicle's handling, stability, and overall performance. Here's why it matters:
1. Handling and Stability:
2. Traction and Grip:
3. Cornering Performance:
4. Ride Comfort:
5. Avoidance of Bottoming Out and Chassis Scraping:
6. Compliance with Rules and Safety Standards:
7. Dynamic Event Performance:
8. Vehicle Balance:

16. Impact on Vehicle Performance and Safety:
The performance and safety of a Formula Student vehicle are critical aspects that directly affect the team's success in the competition and
the well-being of the driver and others. Here's how different factors impact the vehicle's performance and safety:
1. Vehicle Dynamics:
2. Powertrain and Electric System:
3. Safety Systems:
4. Structural Integrity:
5. Weight Management:
6. Aerodynamics:
7. Brake System:
8. Driver Training and Experience:
9. Compliance with Rules and Regulations:

17. Suspension Components and Design
Considerations
Springs and Dampers:
Springs are like bouncy coils that help hold up a car and make it ride
smoothly. They can be made softer or harder to make the car feel
different depending on where it's driving and what the driver likes.
Dampers, also known as shock absorbers, are really important parts of a
car's suspension system. They help control how bumpy and shaky the
car feels when it's driving. Dampers make sure the car stays steady and
comfortable for the driver

18. Linkages and Bushings:
In Formula Student electric vehicles, linkages and bushings play a crucial role in connecting various
components and ensuring smooth and precise movements. Let's take a closer look at each of them:
Linkages:
Linkages are mechanical components used to transmit motion or force between different parts of the
vehicle. In the context of Formula Student electric vehicles, linkages are often used in the suspension
system to control the movement of the wheels and provide stability and handling characteristics.
1. Suspension Linkages:
2. Steering Linkages:
3. Throttle Linkage:

19. Bushings: Bushings are small cylindrical components made of rubber or polyurethane that are
used as a form of bearing to dampen vibrations, reduce friction, and isolate parts from each
other. In Formula Student electric vehicles, bushings are commonly found in various locations to
enhance the vehicle's performance and comfort.
1. Suspension Bushings:
2. Control Arm Bushings:
3. Subframe Bushings:
4. Motor Mount Bushings:
Both linkages and bushings are critical components that need to be designed and manufactured
with precision to ensure the vehicle's safety, performance, and overall driving experience.
Formula Student teams often pay close attention to selecting the right materials and engineering
these components to optimize the vehicle's performance on the track.

20. Push/Pull-rods for Vehicle Support:
In Formula Student electric vehicles, push/pull-rods are part of the suspension system and are used for vehicle
support and motion control. These rods play a crucial role in transmitting forces between the suspension
components and the dampers (shock absorbers) to regulate the vehicle's ride height and handling characteristics.
Push-Rods and Pull-Rods: Push-rods and pull-rods are both types of linkage used in the suspension system. They
connect the suspension arms (typically control arms) to the dampers, which are mounted on the chassis or body
of the vehicle. The main difference between push-rods and pull-rods lies in their orientation and direction of force
transmission.
Push-Rods: These are angled or downward-oriented rods that connect the suspension arms to the
top of the dampers. When the suspension compresses, the push-rods push the dampers inwards,
activating the shock absorption and allowing the vehicle to smoothly absorb bumps and maintain
traction.
Pull-Rods: These are angled or upward-oriented rods that connect the suspension arms to the
bottom of the dampers. When the suspension compresses, the pull-rods pull the dampers upwards,
activating the shock absorption and assisting in maintaining vehicle stability during braking and
cornering.

21. Wheels and Tires:
For a Formula Student electric vehicle, designing and building lightweight wheels involves careful
consideration of a number of variables, including weight reduction, material selection, structural
integrity, and performance optimization. The following is a thorough procedure for creating
lightweight wheels for such a vehicle:

22. Tires:
Vehicles must have two types of tires as follows
Dry tires: The tires on the vehicle when it is presented for technical inspection are defined as its “dry
tires”.
Wet tires: Wet tires may be any size or type of treaded or grooved tire provided:
The tread pattern or grooves were molded in by the tire manufacturer or were cut by the tire
manufacturer or their appointed agent. Any grooves that have been cut must have documentary
proof that it was done in accordance with these rules.
There is a minimum tread depth of 2:4 mm
Tires on the same axle must have the same manufacturer, size and compound.
Tire warmers are not allowed.
Special agents that increase traction may not be added to the tires or track surface

23. Anti-roll bars:
Anti-roll bars, also known as sway bars or stabilizer bars, are important components in the
suspension system of Formula Student electric vehicles. Their primary function is to minimize
body roll during cornering and improve the vehicle's stability and handling.
Purpose: Anti-roll bars are designed to reduce the lateral tilting or rolling motion of the vehicle's
body that occurs when the car takes a turn. When the vehicle corners, the weight transfers from
one side to the other, causing body roll, which can negatively impact handling and traction.

24. Suspension Design Challenges and Objectives:
Safety, Durability, and Weight Reduction:
Safety is a critical aspect of Formula Student vehicles. Compliance testing involves ensuring the
integrated system adheres to relevant safety regulations, including electrical safety, fire safety,
and crashworthiness. These tests verify that the system meets the required safety standards and
provides a secure environment for the driver.
Durability and fatigue analysis are essential for ensuring that suspension systems can withstand
the demanding racing conditions. Factors such as fatigue life prediction, material selection, and
structural integrity are carefully considered during this analysis.
Weight reduction is another critical aspect in seat design, as it directly impacts the overall
weight and performance of the vehicle. Carbon fiber, a lightweight material with a high strength-
to-weight ratio, is commonly used in seat construction for its strength, rigidity, and weight-
saving properties. Carbon fiber seats offer superior stiffness, impact absorption, and are well-
suited for racing applications.

25. Meeting Formula Student Competition Rules:
Meeting Formula Student competition rules is essential for participating teams to ensure fair
competition, safety, and compliance with the established standards. Formula Student competitions
have a set of regulations and guidelines that teams must follow when designing, building, and
competing with their electric vehicles. Here are some key aspects of meeting Formula Student
competition rules:
1. Technical Inspection
2. Safety Regulations
3. Design Constraints
4. Dynamic Events Compliance
5. Business Presentation and Cost Report
6. Sportsmanship and Conduct

26. Impacts on Vehicle Handling and
Performance:
The handling and performance of a Formula Student electric vehicle can be significantly impacted by various
factors. These factors influence how the vehicle behaves on the track, how it responds to driver inputs, and its
overall competitive advantage during Formula Student competitions.
1. Suspension Setup:
2. Weight Distribution:
3. Tire Selection and Grip:
4. Aerodynamics:
5. Power-to-Weight Ratio:
6. Regenerative Braking:
7. Driver Skill and Input:
8. Real-Time Data Analysis:
9. Track Conditions:

27. Seating System and Ergonomics:
Importance of Proper Seating for the Driver:
A proper seat is essential for motorsports drivers because it provides safety, control, comfort, and
endurance. A well-fitting seat minimizes excessive body movement, keeps you firmly in place, evenly
distributes your weight, and minimizes muscle strain. It also helps you maintain focus and mental
acuity, and allows you to fine-tune your driving position to your liking.
Here are some specific examples of the benefits of a proper seat:
1. Safety
2. Control
3. Comfort
4. Endurance
5. Customization

28. Continues
Ensuring Comfort and Control During Racing:
Ensuring the comfort and control of the seat during racing is crucial for the performance and safety of the Formula Student
electric vehicle. The driver's ability to maintain focus and the car effectively depends greatly on the seat's design and
functionality. Here are some important factors to consider:
1. Ergonomic Design:
2. Adjustability
3. Safety Harness Integration
4. Materials and Padding
5. Anti-Slip Surface
6. Ventilation
7. Head and Neck Support
8. Vibration Dampening
9. Testing and Feedback
10. Compliance with Regulations

29. Material Selection and Structural
Parameters
1. Chassis Material: The chassis is the backbone of the vehicle, and materials like steel, aluminum, or carbon
fiber composites are commonly used. Each material has its pros and cons.
2.Suspension Components: The suspension system is vital for handling and ride quality. Generally, high-
strength steel, aluminum alloys, and titanium are commonly used for suspension components due to their
strength-to-weight ratios and fatigue resistance.
3.Aerodynamic Elements: Materials like carbon fiber composites are often used for aerodynamic elements
like front and rear wings, as they offer high strength and low weight, contributing to better overall vehicle
performance.
4.Wheels: Lightweight and strong materials like aluminum are frequently used for wheels to reduce
unsprung weight and improve handling.

30. Continues
1.Safety Cell: The driver's safety cell is a crucial aspect of the vehicle's design. Steel or carbon
fiber monocoque structures are typical choices due to their ability to absorb and dissipate
impact energy effectively.
2.Powertrain Components: Materials for engine parts, gearbox, and other powertrain
components need to withstand high temperatures and stresses. Steel, aluminum, and various
alloys are commonly used, depending on the specific part and its requirements.
3.Fasteners and Connectors: High-quality fasteners made of materials like titanium or high-
strength steel are essential for ensuring the structural integrity of the vehicle.

31. Continues
Structural Parameters:
1.Stiffness: The chassis and other critical components must be designed to provide adequate
stiffness to maintain stability and responsiveness during cornering and braking.
2.Weight Distribution: The distribution of weight across the vehicle can significantly impact its
handling characteristics. Achieving an optimal weight distribution is essential for maximizing
performance.
3.Center of Gravity: Lowering the center of gravity improves the vehicle's stability and reduces
body roll during cornering.
4.Safety Standards: The vehicle must meet safety standards and regulations set by the
competition organizers to ensure the driver's well-being.
5.Manufacturability and Cost: Design choices should consider ease of manufacturing and cost-
effectiveness to meet budget constraints.

32. Conclusion and Future Work
The rear suspension system and seating are crucial aspects of a Formula Student
vehicle's design, directly impacting its performance, handling, and driver
comfort. A well-designed rear suspension system enhances the vehicle's
traction, stability, and maneuverability on the track. On the other hand, the
seating arrangement plays a vital role in ensuring the driver's safety, ergonomics,
and ability to handle the vehicle effectively during races.

33. Future Work:
1.Safety Compliance: Continuously update the seat design to meet the latest safety standards
and regulations, ensuring the driver's protection during high-speed maneuvers or potential
crashes.
2.Driver Ergonomics: Conduct ergonomic studies to tailor the seat's shape and padding for better
support, comfort, and reduced fatigue during extended races.
3.Adjustability: Design seats with adjustable features, such as seat height, angle, and lumbar
support, to accommodate drivers of different sizes and preferences.
4.Driver Feedback: Gather feedback from drivers to understand their needs and preferences, and
use this information to enhance the seating design.

34. Analysis on Wheel Disk Brake

37. CAD Model of
Formula
Student vehicle

38. Formula Student Vehicle