The document summarizes the key findings of a nationwide legal needs survey conducted in South Korea in 2018. Some of the main findings include: - Between 15-56% of respondents reported experiencing a legal problem in the past 4 years, with money, consumer, and debt issues being the most common. - Respondents reported high levels of stress from legal problems. - Most people sought advice from family and friends rather than professional help, largely due to concerns about financial costs. - Around half felt the outcomes of their legal issues were fair, while over 40% in some groups felt outcomes were unfair.

1. Judge KIM, Young Gi
(National Court Administration
under the Supreme Court of Korea)
Translated by researcher Ja Yon KIM
Reflections and Lessions
from 2018 Nationwide
Legal Needs & A2J Survey
in South Korea
EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE
OECD Policy Roundtable (5-6 July 2018), Riga, Liatvia

2. Contents
Why & How we did the Survey
Executive Summary
Policy Implications from the Survey
Key Findings

3. Why & How
We did the survey

4. To find out users’ legal needs and the problems of current judicial usage
To provide timely legal aid service
To commit to the international efforts for promoting access to justice
To make specific plans after analyzing the information from the survey
Purpose of the Study
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e L e g a l N e e d s S u r v e y i n D e t a i l

5. Background of the Survey
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e L e g a l N e e d s S u r v e y i n D e t a i l

6. Research Methodology
M o v e m e n t T o w a r d A 2 J i n S o u t h K o r e a n J u d i c i a r y

7. 17.1
17.5
20.3
19.8
25.3
19-29 years old
30-39 years old
40-49 years old
50-59 years old
60 years and over
10.2
37.4
19.5
32.9
Less than Middle school
High school
Two or three year college
Four year college or more
46.9
48.9
4.1
Large City
Small and medium size cities
Town/township
50.3% 49.7%
Age
Total household income Area
Gender
Highest level of completed education
12.1
12.0
23.9
20.4
15.5
16.1
Less than 1,000,000
1,000,000 to 1,990,000
2,000,000 to 2,990,000
3,000,000 to 3,990,000
4,000,000 to 4,990,000
5,000,000 or more
Demographics (Group A)
M o v e m e n t T o w a r d A 2 J i n S o u t h K o r e a n J u d i c i a r y

8. 16.9
18.0
21.2
19.7
24.2
19-29 years old
30-39 years old
40-49 years old
50-59 years old
60 years and over
3.1
21.7
13.7
61.6
Less than Middle school
High school
Two or three year college
Four year college or more
43.9
50.3
5.8
Large City
Small and medium size cities
Town/township
48.7%
51.3%
Age
Total household income Area
Gender
Highest level of completed education
15.8
15.8
18.9
15.1
14.2
20.2
Less than 1,000,000
1,000,000 to 1,990,000
2,000,000 to 2,990,000
3,000,000 to 3,990,000
4,000,000 to 4,990,000
5,000,000 or more
Demographics (Group B)
M o v e m e n t T o w a r d A 2 J i n S o u t h K o r e a n J u d i c i a r y

9. 7.1
12.2
15.4
26.2
39.1
19-29 years old
30-39 years old
40-49 years old
50-59 years old
60 years and over
24.2
39.6
14.9
21.3
Less than Middle school
High school
Two or three year college
Four year college or more
82.6
16.3
1.1
Large City
Small and medium size cities
Town/township
54.6%
45.4%
Age
Total household income Area
Gender
Highest level of completed education
35.7
16.9
22.1
14.1
5.5
5.7
Less than 1,000,000
1,000,000 to 1,990,000
2,000,000 to 2,990,000
3,000,000 to 3,990,000
4,000,000 to 4,990,000
5,000,000 or more
Demographics (Group C)
M o v e m e n t T o w a r d A 2 J i n S o u t h K o r e a n J u d i c i a r y

10. 82.6%
17.4%
Gender
1.1
13.6
30.9
38.1
16.2
19-29 years old
30-39 years old
40-49 years old
50-59 years old
60 years and over
AgeType
69.4
30.6
professor
lawyer
Demographics (Group D)
M o v e m e n t T o w a r d A 2 J i n S o u t h K o r e a n J u d i c i a r y

11. Executive
Summary

12. On the question of experience of a legal problem in the last 4 years,
- general public face-to-face survey had 15.2%
- general public on-line survey had 55.9%
- professional group survey had 43.4%
- because of its characteristic, Legal Aid Center visitors had the rate of 100%
Executive Summary
E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y
Among the general public, Money and consumer problems were experienced the most,
while employment/labour problems were the highest to the Legal Aid Center visitors

13. The types of experienced problem/dispute were all different in the survey groups
For example, in housing problems, ‘the terms of a lease or eviction’ were mostly experienced in
surveys from general public (face-to-face) and Legal Aid Center visitors,
while general public (on-line) respondents experienced ‘problems with neighbours’ the most
In family problems, ‘divorce’ were mostly experienced in surveys from general public (face-to-face)
and Legal Aid Center visitors while general public (on-line) and professional group respondents
eperienced ‘inheritance’ the most
Executive Summary
E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

14. More than 5 out of 10 people found that the outcome of the problem was fair to everybody concerned
In general public (face-to-face) survey, 7 out of 10 people found it to be fair.
On the other hand, 31.2% of general public (face-to-face) respondents found the outcome to be unfair
and more than 40% in surveys from general public (on-line) and Legal Aid Center visitors found it
unfair.
With respect to the effect of problem/dispute, more than 70% of all the surveyed groups responded
‘stress’
Executive Summary
E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

15. In the general public surveys, both face-to-face and on-line respondents,
information, advice and representation were received the most from ‘family, friends or acquaintances’.
While for the Legal Aid Center visitors, ‘a government department or agency’ was the highest and for
the professionals, ‘a lawyer, professional advisor, adivice service or advice helpline’ was the highest.
In reasons for not seeking advice, ‘concerned about the financial cost’ response were highest among
the general public and the Legal Aid Center visitors,
while ‘did not think advice was necessary’ was the highest in the professionals group.
Executive Summary
E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

16. 40.1% of the face-to-face respondents were aware of the office of free legal advice
79.6% of the face-to face respondents agreed to the following statement:
“For civil issues, law is like a game in which the skillful and resourceful are more likely to get what they
want”
Executive Summary
E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

17. Q : Please tell me on a score of 0 to 10 how much you personally trust the courts. (0= do not
trust at all, 10= trust very much). Please make sure your answer is based upon your trust in courts
only, NOT based on your trust in the other public institutions, including the Police, the
Prosecution, the Constitutional court, and executive government agencies.
A : The trust in the courts had from 5.07 to 6.38 points out of 10 points. Level of trust in the courts were
higher in the face-to-face respondents than the on-line respondents.
More than 72% of offline general public and legal professional gave 6 and more points
while 46.4% of online general public gave 6 and more points
Factors influencing the level of the trust were newspapers, TV, radio which deliver the information
regarding the courts and the cases that attract social interest of the general public.
Executive Summary
E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

18. Policy Implications
From the Survey

19. The most prevalent experiences of problems/disputes are in the following order: money,
consumer, debt, employment/labour, family, housing and others
Key Findings 1
- Most prevalent problem types seemed to be related to money and there is a high possibility that these problems
occur between individuals rather than between an individual and a group
Most serious problems are related to housing, employment/labour and family.
- The above problems seemed to occur generally in everyday life and because of their frequency, respondents would
find them to be quite serious in actual life

20. There were high percentage of people who tried to resolve the problem by communicating
with the other party. Also the percentage of people resolving the problem on their own were
high in well-educated people and above middle-income class. The followings theories could
be an explanation.
Key Findings 2
1) There is a cultural tendency in Korea where well-educated people with high income try to solve the problem on
their own and get help from outside only when it fails
2) The problem with lack of access to judicial resolution leads to attempts to solve the problem on one’s own and
then use the judicial process after it fails
▶ Possibility of both theories: people put more credit on their prior knowledge or information obtained from the
internet rather than the advice from professionals and they come up with their own resolution
In this case, if the parties have the wrong information, the problem, which could have been
easily resolved by the professionals, could possibly continue over a long period of time or
could lead into an emotional conflict between the parties

21. Reasons for not seeking advice: Concerned of the high lawyer’s fee
Key Findings 3
-In the surveys, there were generally high responses of not seeking advice because of the high lawyer’s fee
-When dealing with a dispute, getting information, advice and representation from family, friends or
acquaintances could be understood in the same context as above

22. Experienced problems were generally similar among 4 different groups
Key Findings 4
- Survey results show that generally experienced problems were about consumer, money, debt,
employment/labour, and family
- In detail, ‘difficulties obtaining a refund’, ‘divorce’, ‘inheritance’, ‘unpaid wages’, and ‘being behind and unable to
pay money you owe’ were commonly experienced
- Note: The most commonly experienced problems had corresponded to the general expectation.
- This means that the survey was well conducted without any bias

23. Low perception on fairness
Key Findings 5
-Only 56.3% of Legal Aid Center visitors responded that the outcome was fair.
- Also 39.6% of Legal Aid Center visitors responded that the process was unfair.
- Note: The survey results show that negative responses on the fairness of process were almost as high as
negative responses on the fairness of outcome.
- Since fairness of the outcome could be set by the trial with 50/50 chance of winning, the fairness of the process
could have more important meaning than the fairness of the outcome.

24. Need to Resolve Stress
Key Findings 6
- Across all the surveys, while dealing with a legal problem, stress was experienced the most
- Also levels of stress were improved the most after resolving the problem
- Note: For the general public, legal problems are not experienced regularly and could be once in a lifetime
Therefore, it is highly understandable that legal problems such as divorce could cause extreme stress
- The reason why the professionals group have low rate of stress as improvements after resolving the problem
might be because they are constantly exposed to stress from their jobs

25. Measures 1: Integrated assistance
To enhance the accessibility of the general public, the simplicity is the key.
When the general public has to do something to deal with the dispute in their hands, there has to
be an institution to provide integrated assistance on whatever the dispute it may be
.

26. Measures 2: Judicial Justice Center
-Toefficientlyprovidethepublictheaccesstoprofessionalsandinformation,itisnecessarytoestablish a
centralised organisation such as Judicial Justice Center to resolve problems effectively
- When establishing the Judicial Justice Center, not only the courts but the executive (Department
of Justice) and professional organisations (Korean Bar Association) should jointly contribute to
enhance people’s convenience and the accessibility

27. Measures 3: Enhancing the trust in the courts
- It is necessary to provide more information on the court and its role and improve the satisfaction of
dispute resolutions. The survey shows that the perception of the courts is shaped largely by the
media. Aside from the media intentionally distorting the image of the court, it should consider that
some these may come from media’s lack of information or understanding
- Also when establishing the Judicial Justice Center, correct information should be provided in order
to improve the understanding of the judiciary so that distorted facts by the media could kept in
control. Furthermore, improving online accessibility will help enhancing the reliability of the online
users

28. Measures 4: Lawyer’s fee
- Compared to the foreign countries in similar conditions, the lawyer’s fee in Korea is low. Especially, the lawyer’s
fee is 1/10 of the United States while their quality has been regarded as quite high as in the other advanced
country
Even in these situation, the disparity exists because
(1) The media keep showing cases about large amount of lawyer’s fee that receive public attention, and
(2) because ordinary people do not know much about lawyers so when an ordinary person tries to hire a lawyer,
the problem arises from the information asymmetry.
- Therefore, when establishing the Judicial Justice Center, providing information about the lawyers through an
reliable institution would become a solution to this matter.

29. Measures 5: Judicial Justice Center
as a Gateway
- To provide appropriate information and aid on these disputes, the Justicial Justice Center should
strengthen its professionalism. Because these disputes could be resolved by currently existing
public institutions (such as Korea Consumer Agency and Ministry of Employment and Labor),
Judicial Justice Center should help the citizen to easily access to those public institutions by
providing detailed information about how to use the system.

30. Measures 6: Psychological Sercvices
from Judicial Justice Center
- The biggest issue that arises from experiencing legal problems is stress
- Although modern people frequently experience psychological problems, the social atmosphere is
reluctant to psychological treatment, especially in Korea. Therefore Psychological Counseling
Center should be established under the Judicial Justice center and offer counseling on legal
problems and the stress in a more lighter setting. By providing professional counseling and ways
for cure, the visitors will be able to use the service to relieve their stress, anxiety, and
dissatisfaction that arose from the legal problems

31. Key Findings
of the Survey

32. Had experienced problems or disputes
in the last 4 yearsQ1.
Experienced
Rate
TOP3 Experienced Types
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
15.2%
Money
(2.8%)
Consumer
(2.4%)
Debt
(2.3%)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
55.9%
Consumer
(31.1%)
Money
(15.9%)
Housing
(15.2%)
Legal Aid Center
Visitors
(N=1000)
100.0%
Employment/
labour
(23.7%)
Money
(18.3%)
Debt
(13.8%)
Professionals
(N=265)
43.4%
Consumer
(21.9%)
Housing
(17.0%)
Land
(10.9%)

33. Q2-1.
Had experienced problems or disputes
in the last 4 years
General Public (face-to-face)
(N=2137)
General Public (on-line)
(N=1016)
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
Professionals
(N=265)
Consumer
Most
Experienced
Difficultiesobtaining a refund (61.5%) Difficultiesobtaining a refund (72.8%) Difficultiesobtaining a refund (37.5%) Difficultiesobtaining a refund (50.0%)
Most
Frequent
Billingerrors,Disputeswith bank
(mean1.5 times)
ConsumerOthers(mean1.7times) Billingerrors(mean2.0 times)
Disputeswithbank, Utilityproviders
(mean1.7 times)
Land
Most
Experienced
Disputesover titleordisputesover
boundaries (72.7%)
Disputesover titleordisputes over
boundaries (42.4%)
Disputesovertitleor disputesover
boundaries (40.5%)
Disputesovertitleor disputesover
boundaries (48.3%)
Most
Frequent
All the responses had the same
mean of 1.0 time
Environmentaldamage
(mean3.0 times)
Expropriation (mean2.3times) Environmentaldamage(mean2.3 times)
Housing
Most
Experienced
The termsof a lease,or eviction(34.5%) problemswith neighbours (46.1%) The termsof a lease,or eviction(48.9%) The termsof a lease,or eviction(42.2%)
Most
Frequent
Problemsconcerningan, owners‘
corporation(mean2.0 times)
Problemsconcerningan, owners‘
corporation(mean2.6 times)
Poor maintenance(mean1.8 times)
Problemsconcerningan, owners'
corporation(mean1.6 times)
Family
Most
Experienced
Divorce (66.7%) inheritance(29.2%) Divorce (34.5%) inheritance(52.4%)
Most
Frequent
Custodyof childrenor accessto
(mean6.1 times)
Violenceorharassment
(mean4.4 times)
Custodyof childrenor accessto
/ Violenceorharassment
(mean1.3 times)
Violenceorharassment
(mean5.3 times)
Injury/
Illness
Most
Experienced
Aninjurycausedbysomeoneelse(50.0%) Aninjurycausedbysomeoneelse(38.4%)
An injurycaused by someoneelse
(66.7%)
Negligent medicaltreatmentor wrong
medicaltreatment(46.2%)
Most
Frequent
All the responses had the same
mean of 1.0 time
Injury/illnessOthers
(mean1.4 times)
An injurycaused by someoneelse
(mean1.1 times)
Workingconditions
(mean1.7 times)
Employment/
Labour
Most
Experienced
Unpaid wages (75.0%) Unpaid wages (43.5%) Unpaid wages (86.5%) Unpaid wages (45.5%)
Most
Frequent
Harassment(mean4.7times) Harassment(mean3.6times) Dismissal(mean1.3 times)
Poor workingcondition, Unfairdisciplinary
procedures (mean3.0times)
Debt
Most
Experienced
Being behind and unable topay money
you owe (67.3%)
Being behind and unable topay money
you owe (71.1%)
Being behind and unable topay money
you owe (45.7%)
Being behind and unable topay money
you owe (71.4%)
Most
Frequent
Actionby a creditorfornon-payment
(mean2.9 times)
Actionby a creditorfornon-payment
(mean2.3 times)
Actionby a creditorfornon-payment
(mean1.6 times)
Actionby a creditorfornon-payment
(mean2.0 times)

34. Q2-1. Contents of the most experienced problems

35. Seriousness of the Experienced Problems
/DisputesQ3.
Average on the
scale of 10 (points)
Most Serious Least Serious
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3 BOT1 BOT2 BOT3
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
Housing:
Others
(10.0)
Family:
Others
(10.0)
Abuse by state
officials: Others
(10.0)
Public services/admi
nistration
: tax disputes
(4.5)
Family: inheritance
(4.5)
Consumer
: utility providers
(4.5)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
Government
payments: Others
(10.0)
Public services/
administration
: fairness of
examinations(9.2)
Public services/
administration
: disputes with other
government(9.2)
Abuse by state officia
ls: discriminatory
treatmentby the
customary authority
or corrupt treatment
by the customary
authority
(3.0)
Housing
: problems or
disputes with a
landlord
: problems
concerning
an owners'
corporation(4.0)
Consumer:Others
(5.3)
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
Consumer:billing
errors (10.0)
Community
: resources unfair o
f accessto the
benefits of
community land
/ forest / water
groups (10.0)
Community
: resources Others
(10.0)
Employment/labour:
discrimination
(1.0)
Injury/
Illness: working
conditions (2.0)
Public services/
administration
: other public
documentation
(2.5)
Professionals
(N=265)
Employment/labour:
denial of rights (10.
0)
Employment / labour
: changes to contra
ct terms (10.0)
Family: violence or
harassment
(9.0)
Family: custodyof
children or access
to children (1.0)
Family:
Others
(1.0)
Housing:
Others
(2.0)

36. Information, Advice and Representation
Q6.
Most Experienced Information, Advice and Representation
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3 TOP4 TOP5
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
Family, friendsor
acquaintances
(32.0%)
No experience
(28.8%)
A lawyer professional
advisor, advice service
or advice helpline
(24.9%)
A national, regional or
municipalgovernment
department,agency, c
ouncil or a politician
(8.1%)
A court (or tribunal) or
other dispute
resolutionorganization
or the police
(4.9%)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
No experience
(39.2%)
Family, friendsor
acquaintances
(30.9%)
A lawyer professional
advisor, advice service
or advice helpline
(22.9%)
A court (or tribunal) or
other dispute
resolutionorganization
or the police
(6.5%)
Any other person or or
ganization (4.5%)
Legal Aid Center
Visitors
(N=1000)
A national, regional or municipalgo
vernment department, agency,
council or a politician
(26.5%)
No experience
(25.4%)
A court (or tribunal) or
other dispute
resolution
organization
or the police
(21.0%)
A lawyer professional
advisor, advice service
or advice helpline
(18.0%)
Family,friendsor
acquaintances
(17.6%)
Professionals
(N=265)
A lawyer professional advisor, advic
e service or advice helpline
(46.9%)
No experience
(39.6%)
Family,friendsor acqu
aintances(12.5%)
A court (or tribunal) or
other dispute
resolutionorganization
or the police
(8.3%)
A national, regional or
municipalgovernment
department,agency,
council or a politician
(7.3%)

37. Actions Taken in the Process
Q7.
TOP3 Actions Taken in the Process
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
You communicated with the
other party
(61.2%)
You or the other party made a
claim to, or made use of, a court
(21.7%)
There was no negotiation or
third party involvement
(11.3%)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
You communicated with the
other party
(54.1%)
You or the other party made a
claim to, or made use of, a court
(14.9%)
There was no negotiation or
third party involvement
(14.3%)
Legal Aid Center
Visitors
(N=1000)
You communicated with the
other party
(47.8%)
You or the other party made a
claim to, or made use of, a court
(20.4%)
No answer
(11.0%)
Professionals
(N=265)
You communicated with the
other party
(55.2%)
You or the other party made a
claim to, or made use of, a court
(22.9%)
You or the other party made a
claim to, or made use of, an
dispute resolution process
(15.6%)

38. Manner of Problem Conclusion
Q12.
TOP4 Manner of Problem Conclusion
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3 TOP4
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
by agreement
betweenyou
andthe other
party (25.8%)
by a court
(or tribunal) judgment
(11.8%)
by the other party
independentlydoing what
you wanted (11.8%)
by mediation,conciliationor
arbitration (10.8%)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
by agreement
betweenyou
andthe other
Party (22.2%)
by the other party
independentlydoing what
you wanted (13.4%)
by mediation,conciliationor
arbitration (11.3%)
by a court
(or tribunal) judgment
(9.5%)
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
by a court
(or tribunal)judgment
(56.3%)
by a decisionor intervention
by another formalauthority
(12.5%)
by mediation,conciliationor
arbitration
(10.4%)
No answer
(10.4%)
Professionals
(N=265)
by agreement
betweenyou
andthe other
Party (21.2%)
by a court
(or tribunal) judgment
(19.2%)
by the other party
independently doing what
you wanted (17.3%)
by you moving away from
the problem
(11.5%)

39. Fairness of the Outcome
Q13.
Fair Unfair
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
68.8% 31.2%
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
53.9% 46.1%
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
56.3% 43.8%
Professionals
(N=265)
53.8% 46.2%

40. Fairness of the Process
Q14.
Fair Unfair
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
71.5% 28.5%
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
53.9% 46.1%
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
60.4% 39.6%
Professionals
(N=265)
51.9% 48.1%

41. Results from the Process or Conclusion
Q19.
TOP5 Results from the Process or Conclusion
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3 TOP4 TOP5
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
stress
(78.6%)
financial loss
(37.9%)
damage to your
property (14.6%)
damage to a family
relationship
(13.9%)
loss of confidence
or fear
(13.6%)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
stress
(77.5%)
financial loss
(40.5%)
damage to your
property (24.0%)
ill-health or injury
(17.4%)
damage to a family
relationship
(16.0%)
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
stress
(72.0%)
financial loss
(40.6%)
damage to a family
relationship
(15.3%)
ill-health or injury
(14.8%)
damage to your
property (13.0%)
Professionals
(N=265)
stress
(83.3%)
financial loss
(33.3%)
damage to your
property (28.1%)
damage to a family
relationship
(17.7%)
ill-health or injury
(13.5%)

42. Reasons for Not Seeking Advice
Q20.
TOP4 Reasons for Not Seeking Advice
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3 TOP4
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
Concerned
aboutthe
financial
cost (25.8%)
Did not think needed
advice (23.6%)
Problem resolved without
need to get advice (20.2%)
Concernedabout the time
it would take
(16.9%)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
Concerned
aboutthe
financial
cost (20.4%)
Didn't know where
/ how to get advice
(19.0%)
Problem resolved without
need to get advice (18.5%)
Thoughtit would be too
stressful(16.7%)
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
Concerned
aboutthe
financial
cost (47.0%)
Didn't know where
/ how to get advice
(17.4%)
Concernedabout the time
it would take
(15.3%)
No answer
(13.1%)
Professionals
(N=265)
Did not think
advice wasneeded(34.2%)
Didn't think it would make
any differenceto the
outcome(31.6%)
Thoughtit would be too
stressful
(21.1%)
Thoughtit would damage
relationshipwith other
party
(15.8%)

43. Usefulness of the Advisor’s Help
Q62.
Very useful Somewhat useful Not very useful
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
23.1% 66.7% 10.3%
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
19.7% 68.2% 12.1%
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
19.5% 65.5% 15.0%
Professionals
(N=265)
24.9% 64.7% 5.9%

44. Difficulty in Paying the Advisor
Q68.
Not
difficult all
Not
very difficult
Somewhat
difficult
Very
difficult
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
2.6% 48.7% 41.0% 7.7%
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
7.7% 40.4% 38.5% 13.5%
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
11.1% 44.4% 22.2% 22.2%
Professionals
(N=265)
8.3% 41.7% 41.7% 8.3%

45. Improvements after Resolving
the ProblemQ78.
Levelsof
stress
Your
finances
Noanswer
Family
relation
ship
Your
confidence
Your
health
Your
employment
situation
Your
housing
situation
Levelsof
harassment
or
violence
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
45.3% 11.7% 10.9% 10.2% 9.4% 6.3% 2.3% 2.3% 1.6%
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
47.4% 10.0% 11.0% 6.2% 9.6% 6.7% 3.8% 5.3% -
Legal Aid
Center Visitors
(N=1000)
44.4% 7.4% 29.6% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% - 7.4% -
Professionals
(N=265)
25.0% 14.3% 25.0% - 17.9% - - 14.3% 3.6%

46. More Information, Advice, Support lead
to Better Outcome?Q80.
Yes,
definitely
Yes,
probably
Not
sure
No,
probably not
No,
definitely not
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
2.9% 43.4% 40.5% 12.9% 0.3%
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
6.4% 38.5% 42.6% 10.9% 1.6%
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
7.3% 41.1% 39.8% 11.0% 0.9%
Professionals
(N=265)
9.4% 44.8% 26.0% 14.6% 5.2%

47. Trust in the Courts
Q90.
Trust Usually Not trust
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
72.6% 15.6% 11.8%
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
46.4% 21.6% 32.1%
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
67.5% 15.4% 17.1%
Professionals
(N=265)
72.8% 9.4% 17.7%

48. The Factors that Lead to Trust
Q90-1.
TOP3 Factors that Lead to Trust
TOP1 TOP2 TOP3
General Public
(Face-to-face)
(N=2137)
Paid attention to the informationabout
the courts and the trials through
newspapers,television,and radio
(64.0%)
Watcheddramas or moviesabout the
courts and the trials (40.2%)
Searchedthe informationabout the
courts and the trials through the
internet, YouTube,and others
(26.1%)
General Public
(On-line)
(N=1016)
Paid attention to the informationabout
the courts and the trials through
newspapers,television,and radio
(48.5%)
Watcheddramas or moviesabout the
courts and the trials (25.3%)
Heard of your familyor relative's
experiencein the courts
(24.2%)
Legal Aid Center Visitors
(N=1000)
Had an experience in the court
through your own, family,or relative's
case
(45.4%)
Paid attention to the information about
the courts and the trials through
newspapers, television,and radio
(40.8%)
Heard of your family or relative's
experiencein the courts
(23.7%)
Professionals
(N=265)
Had an experience in the court
through your own, family,or relative's
case
(48.7%)
Learned about the judicial system
through the school curriculum
(31.3%)
Paid attention to the information about
the courts and the trials through
newspapers, television,and radio
(24.2%)

49. Judge KIM, Young Gi
(National Court Administration,
Supreme Court of Korea; warmheart071@gmail.com
The End
South Korean Judiciary will keep trying its best to promote
A2J by cooperating with the international organizations.
Let us go on all together!