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1. Anterior Region of Neck
Presented by-
Tanishka Muthal
Shivam Nagar
Mona Nagar
Saurabh Nannaware
Bhimesh Narwade
Sanika Nimablkar
Abhishek Palaskar
Janhavi Pandhare
Pranav Pangare
Aman Patel
Anatomy:
Boundaries, subdivisions, and Clinical Significance

2. Introduction
THE TRIANGULAR AREA ON THE FRONT OF THE NECK BETWEEN THE
TWO
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLES IS CALLED ANTERIOR REGION OF
THE
NECK.
The anterior region of the neck is crucial due to its role in breathing, swallowing,
speaking, and vascular supply to the head.
It contains vital structures such as muscles, arteries, veins, nerves, and glands.
Today, we’ll dive into the details of the anterior neck, focusing on its anatomical
subdivisions known as ‘triangles’. These triangles help us organize the complex structures
in this area.
These triangles are significant both for anatomical study and for clinical procedures, such
as surgery or diagnosis.

3. ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK
A large triangular space on each side of the neck, in front of
sternocleidomastoid with its apex directed downwards and base
directed upwards.
Boundaries-
Anterior: Anterior median line of the neck.
Posterior: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
muscle.
Base: Lower border of the body of mandible and a line
extending from the angle of mandible to the
mastoid process.
Apex: Suprasternal notch at the meeting point between
anterior border of sternocleidomastoid and
anterior median line.
Roof: Investing layer of deep cervical fascia.

4. The anterior triangle has been subdivided, by the digastric
muscle and superior belly of omohyoid muscle, into the
following 3½ triangles:
1. Submental triangle (half only).
2. Digastric (submandibular) triangle.
3. Carotid triangle.
4. Muscular triangle.
Contents-

6. Submental Triangle
This is a median triangle.
Boundaries:
On each side - the anterior belly of the
corresponding digastric muscles.
Base - The body of the hyoid bone.
Apex - lies at the chin
Floor - The right and left mylohyoid muscles and
the median raphe uniting them.

7. Contents
Two to four small submental lymph nodes
are
situated in the superficial fascia the
anterior bellies of the digastric muscles.
( They drain: Superficial tissues below the
chinb, Central part of the lower lip, the
adjoining gums, anterior part of the floor of
the mouth & tip of the tongue. Their
efferents pass to the submandibular nodes.)
Small submental veins join to form the

9. Boundaries
Anteriorly: Anterior median line of the neck from thehyoid bone to the sternum.
Posterosuperiorly: Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Posteroinferiorly: Lower part of anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Floor :
It is formed by sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles.
Roof :
It is formed by investing layer of deep cervical fascia. The
superficial fascia over the contains anterior jugular vein
and associated lymph nodes.
MUSCULAR TRIANGLE

10. Contents
The infrahyoid muscles are the chief contents of
thetriangle. These muscles may also arbitrarily form the
floor of the triangle.The infrahyoid muscles are:
a. Sternohyoid
b. Sternothyroid
c. Thyrohyoid
d. Omohyoid.

11. All of them are supplied by the ventral rami
of first, second and third cervical spinal
nerves.

12. Digastric Triangle
The area between the body of the mandible and thehyoid bone
is known as the submandibular region.
Boundaries
Anteroinferiorly: Anterior belly of digastric.
Posteroinferiorly: Posterior belly of digastric and thestylohyoid.
Superiorly or base: Base of the mandible and a linejoining the
angle of the mandible to the mastoid process.

13. Roof:
Skin
Superficial fascia, containing:
a. The platysma
b. The cervical branch of the facial nerve
c. The ascending branch of the transverse or anteriorcutaneous nerve of the neck.
Deep fascia, which splits to enclose the submandibular salivary gland.
Floor:
It is formed by mylohyoid (anteriorly), hyoglossus, and small
part of the middle constrictor (posteriorly).

14. Contents:
Anterior Part of the Triangle
Structures superficial to
mylohyoid are:
1 Superficial part of the
submandibular salivary gland
2 The facial vein and the
submandibular lymph nodesare
superficial to it and the facial
artery is deep to it.
3 Submental artery
4 Mylohyoid nerve and vessels
5 The hypoglossal nerve
Posterior Part of the Triangle
1 Superficial structures are:
a. Lower part of the parotid gland.
b. The external carotid artery before it enters
theparotid gland.
2 Deep structures, passing between the
external andinternal carotid arteries, are:
a. The styloglossus
b. The stylopharyngeus
c. The glossopharyngeal nerve
d. The pharyngeal branch of the vagus
nervee. The styloid process. A part of the
parotid gland.
3 Deepest structures include:
a. The internal carotid artery
b. The internal jugular vein
c. The vagus nerve

16. Triangle
It is so called because it contains all the three carotid arteries,
viz. common carotid, internal carotid, and external carotid.
Boundaries
Anterosuperiorly: Posterior belly of the digastric muscle;and the stylohyoid.
Anteroinferiorly: Superior belly of the omohyoid.
Posteriorly: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoidmuscle.
Roof:
1 Skin
2 Superficial fascia containing:
a. The plastysma
b. The cervical branch of the facial nerve
c. The transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck.
3 Investing layer of deep cervical fascia.
Floor
It is formed by parts of:
a. The middle constrictor of pharynx
b. The inferior constrictor of the pharynx
c. Thyrohyoid membrane.

17. Contents-
Arteries -
1 The common carotid artery with the carotid sinusand the carotid body at its termination
2 Internal carotid artery
3 The external carotid artery with its superior thyroid,lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal
and occipitalbranches
Veins-
1 The internal jugular vein
2 The common facial vein draining into the internaljugular vein.
3 A pharyngeal vein which usually ends in the internaljugular vein.
4 The lingual vein which usually terminates in theinternal jugular vein.
Nerves -
1 The vagus running vertically downwards.
2 The superior laryngeal branch of the vagus, dividinginto the external and internal laryngeal
nerves.
3 The spinal accessory nerve running backwards overthe internal jugular vein.
4 The hypoglossal nerve 5 Sympathetic chain runs vertically downwards posterior to the
carotid sheath.
6 Carotid sheath with its contents.
Lymph nodes-
The deep cervical lymph nodes are situated along theinternal jugular vein, and include the
jugulodigastricnode below the posterior belly of the digastric and thejugulo-omohyoid node
above the inferior belly of theomohyoid.

19. Thank You