This document discusses Mendel's laws of inheritance and related concepts. It begins by describing Mendel's first law of segregation, which states that genes segregate independently during the formation of gametes. It provides the example of crossing two varieties of pea plants that differ in one trait. The document then describes Mendel's second law of independent assortment and provides an example involving two traits in beans. It explains why Mendel chose peas for his experiments and defines several genetic terms. Finally, it describes the differences between backcross and testcross and provides examples.

1. Bab 4
hereditas

2. TABITTA
JOVITA
JOICE
ICHA
P L
Anggota
HERI
MARKUS
MAYKEL

3. 1. Deskripsikanlah yang dimaksud dengan
persilangan

4. 2 a.Deskripsikanlah hukum mendel yang
petama serta contohnya
Hukum mendel 1 dikenal dengan hukum segregasi atau
pemisahan.hukum ini menyatakan prinsip pemisahan gen secara
bebas.pada pembentukan sel atau gamet,2 gen yang berpasangan
akan dipisahkan kedalam 2 sel atau gamet secara bebas.
Hukum mendel 1 berlaku pada persilangan dengan satu sifat beda
atau monohibrid.contohnya yag sering kita temukan adalah
persilangan antara dua bunga mawar sejenis namun beeda warna

5. 2 b. deskipsikan hukum mendel yang kedua
beserta contohnya
Hukum mendel 2 disebut juga dengan hukum
assortmen atau hukum berpasangan secara
bebas. dalam hukum ini,terjadi persilangan
dihibrid antar dua individu yang berbeda
dengan dua sifat yang berbeda.
Contohnya dua kacang arcis yang berbeda
dalam bentuk biji dan warna biji,maka ini
disebut sebagai persilangan dihibrid

6. Pada percobaan pewarisan
sifat,mendel menggunakan kacang
kapri ini dikarenakan kacang kapri
memiliki ciri yang
mengntungkan.ciri tersebut yaitu
mudah memperoleh keturunan
siklus hidup cepat kontraks.
3 a.Tuliskan alasan mendel memilih
kacang kapri sebagai bahan
percobaan

7. 1. Parental (p),artinya induk atau orang tua.
2. Filial (f), artinya keturunan.
i. Keturunan pertama (F1)=anak
ii. Keturunan kedua (F2)=cucu
3. Genotype, adalah sifat keturunan yang tidak nampak dari luar
contoh:AA,Aa,aa,AABB dan AaBb.
4. Gamet, adalah sel kelamin yang berasal dari genotipe contoh genotipe
Aa,gametnya A dan a.
5. Fenotipe, adalah sifat menurun yang nampak dari luar contohnya buah
besar,buah kecil,rasa manis,rasa asam, batang tinggi dan batang pendek
3 b. Tuliskan istilah istilah dalam
persilangan serta artinya

8. 1. Dominan adalah sifat gen yang selalu tampak atau
muncul, disimbolkan dengan huruf besar. contoh
AA,BB,dan CC
2. Gen resesif adalah sifat sifat gen yang tidak selalu
nampak,baru muncul apa bila bersama sama gen resesif
lin. contoh aa,bb dan cc.
3. Homozigot adalah pasangan gen yang sifatnya sama.
contoh AA,BB,CC, dan cc
4. Heterozigot adalah pasangan gen yang tidak sama.
contoh Aa,Bb,dan Cc.
5. Lokus adalah posisi atau letak gen pada kromosom.

9. 4. Deskripsikan perbedaan backcross
dan testcross dan contohnya

10. Process
Step 1
Despite being red,
Mars is cold
Step 2
Neptune is the
farthest planet
Step 3
Venus is the
second planet
Step 4
Saturn is the
ringed planet
Step 5
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun

11. Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
cold place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name and
is the second planet
from the Sun
Mercury
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest in
the Solar System
Practical uses of this subject

12. Proteins and nucleic acids
Proteins Nucleic Acids
Elements
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place
Examples
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
It’s the biggest planet in the
Solar System
Function
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium

13. Assignment
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
02

14. Assignment
Which eukaryotic kingdom is made of both unicellular
and multicellular organisms?
A Animalia
B Bacteria
C Plantae
D Protista

15. Do you know what helps you make
your point clear?
● Lists like this one
● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas
clearly
They look great with good alignment
What are lipids?
And also:
● They help you check what is
done and what needs to be done
● You´ll never forget to buy milk!
And the most important thing: the
audience won’t miss the point of
your presentation

16. Lab: identifying nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Oils
Potatoes
Meat and fish
Vegetables and fruits
Eggs
Legumes
Cereals
Match the food with the correct nutrients.

17. Problem vs solution
Problem Solution
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon
Venus has a beautiful and
cute name and is the
second planet from the
Sun. It’s hot and has a
poisonous atmosphere

18. ● Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's composed mostly of hydrogen
and helium. It was named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture
● Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It's also the fourth-largest object
by diameter in the Solar System
● Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one that harbors life in the
Solar System. This is where we all live on
● Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust,
which gives the planet its reddish cast
Carbohydrates

19. A little exercise
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5
Tissue Cell Organism Organ System
Drag and drop each level of organization in multicellular organisms and put them
in order

20. In the human body there are 10 times more bacteria than cells,
they fulfill very important functions
Despite knowing about 10,000 species, it is estimated that this is
less than 1% of the species that inhabit the Earth
Approximately 8% of DNA is derived from viruses that at some
point entered the body of our ancestors
Did you know this?

21. Feature of
the topic
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
03

22. Characteristics of life
1 Growth and development It’s the closest planet to the Sun
2 Energy metabolism Venus is the second planet from the Sun
3 Homeostasis Mars is actually a very cold place
4 Adaptation Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all
5 Response to stimuli It’s composed of hydrogen and helium
6 Organization It’s the farthest planet from the Sun
7 Reproduction Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet

23. 42%
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Data
90%
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun
64%
It’s the farthest
planet from the Sun

24. Type of organisms
Organisms
Multicellular
organisms
Unicellular
organisms
Amoeba Paramoecium Plants Animals
Bacteria

25. Awesome
words

26. 3/4
body bacteria live in our intestines
500
species have been found in oral flora
1M
of germs hide in a bath sponge

27. Map
Neptune
It’s the farthest
planet from the Sun
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
and has rings

28. About
the topic
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
04

29. Elements of living organisms
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Oxygen
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
Carbon
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun
Hydrogen
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Sulfur
It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun

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32. Definition of concepts
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
Organism
It’s the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest
in the Solar System
Nutrient
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
Protein Bacteria
Jupiter was named after
the Roman god of the
skies and lightning

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Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
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Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all

34. Do you know what helps you make
your point clear?
● Lists like this one:
● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas
clearly
They look great with good alignment
What are
catalysts?

35. A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS

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