1) The document analyzes social capital and collective action in forest governance in Banyumas, Indonesia. Surveys of over 1,000 households in upstream, middle, and downstream areas were conducted.
2) Preliminary findings show that while forest preservation is widely agreed as important, there is lack of consensus around the seriousness of deforestation. Mutual aid within communities is expected but monitoring of illegal logging is not.
3) Analysis of social trust found the highest trust is within ethnic/religious groups and communities, while trust decreases with distance from the community. Good community governance is key to enabling cooperation.
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The document discusses key areas of overlap between local communities and forest areas, including social-cultural issues, community governance issues, technology issues, non-timber forest products, local government involvement, and policies and strategies. It notes several researchers and their areas of focus related to these topics from a community forestry project in Banyumas, Indonesia.
This document discusses three key issues related to forests and local communities: technology issues led by Dr. Hari, community governance issues led by Dr. Rosyadi, and social-cultural issues led by Dr. Sakano. It outlines the areas of focus for each issue, including non-timber forest products, local government policies, and factors like social capital and trust that influence collective action. The Banyumas Project is examining these issues and their impact on the relationship between forest areas and local communities.
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This document discusses rural public transit in Minnesota. It summarizes that Minnesota is consolidating some of its rural transit systems to form larger, multi-county systems in order to improve regional connectivity, streamline administration, utilize vehicles more efficiently, and comply with federal regulations while preserving transit coverage. This consolidation was prompted by proposed budget cuts and seeks to gain better service coverage and frequency through more efficient use of funding, though many challenges around limited funding and political jurisdictions remain.
The document discusses key areas of overlap between local communities and forest areas, including social-cultural issues, community governance issues, technology issues, non-timber forest products, local government involvement, and policies and strategies. It notes several researchers and their areas of focus related to these topics from a community forestry project in Banyumas, Indonesia.
This document discusses three key issues related to forests and local communities: technology issues led by Dr. Hari, community governance issues led by Dr. Rosyadi, and social-cultural issues led by Dr. Sakano. It outlines the areas of focus for each issue, including non-timber forest products, local government policies, and factors like social capital and trust that influence collective action. The Banyumas Project is examining these issues and their impact on the relationship between forest areas and local communities.
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The document summarizes research from Pakistan and Indonesia on collective choice in community-based management. Some key findings from preliminary surveys in Indonesia are:
- Respondents agree forest preservation is important but awareness of deforestation levels varies
- Water shortage is seen as the main problem caused by deforestation
- The community is expected to play a primary role in forest management
- Mutual aid within communities is high, but monitoring of illegal logging by the community is not
- Social trust resides most strongly within communities, declining with greater social distance
The document discusses environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) as defined by Agenda 21. It provides background on the International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) and its mandate to promote ESTs based on Agenda 21. ESTs are defined as technologies that protect the environment, are less polluting, use resources sustainably, maximize waste recycling, and handle residual waste responsibly. The document outlines criteria for assessing technologies and identifying ESTs, and discusses the role of ESTs in areas like forest governance and sustainable development.
The document discusses environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) as defined by Agenda 21 of the 1992 Earth Summit. It provides an overview of ESTs, including how they are defined, key criteria for assessing ESTs, frameworks for identifying and selecting ESTs, and how ESTs relate to sustainable development and forest governance. ESTs protect the environment, use resources sustainably, minimize waste, and handle residual waste responsibly compared to other technologies. The document outlines various tools for assessing ESTs and emphasizes stakeholder involvement in defining sustainability contexts and boundaries.
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The document provides a progress report on the Environmental Sound Technologies (ESTs) in Forestry Waste Management for Disaster Prevention Project in Indonesia. It discusses the project's objectives to promote sustainable forest management and disaster prevention through demonstration of ESTs and capacity building. It outlines activities conducted including preliminary assessments, policy analysis, ESTs demonstrations, training, and the development of a spatial database covering 32 villages and 1005 households.
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1) The document analyzes the implementation of a forest co-management policy in Banyumas, Central Java using a policy implementation approach to understand the influences of content and contextual variables.
2) The forest co-management policy aimed to improve sustainability and economic benefits of forest resources for local communities and authorities through greater participation and responsibility.
3) Analysis found issues with lack of participation in decision making, unclear responsibilities, and lack of coordination that hindered effective implementation. Power dynamics and economic pressures on forests also posed challenges.
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1) The document reports on a survey of 1005 households in villages in Banyumas, Indonesia regarding social capital and forest governance.
2) Preliminary findings show that respondents agree forests are important but have differing views on deforestation levels. Water shortages are seen as the main problem.
3) Communities expect to play a primary role in forest management. Social structures like mutual aid and monitoring exist, but willingness to report logging is lower.
4) Trust levels vary, with own ethnic/religious groups and community leaders having highest trust, and outsiders like NGOs having lowest trust. Good community governance is key to cooperation.
The document provides a progress report on the Environmental Sound Technologies (ESTs) in Forestry Waste Management for Disaster Prevention Project. It summarizes the project's activities and outputs to date. These include developing a spatial database and surveying over 1,000 households to understand social, economic, and environmental conditions. Preliminary assessments have identified potential areas for ESTs demonstrations like ecotourism. Upcoming workshops will discuss these findings and policy recommendations to promote sustainable forest management through ESTs interventions. The project aims to build local capacity and support policies that prevent disasters while improving livelihoods.
The document summarizes research on land cover and land use changes in Banyumas, Central Java between 1990 and 2007 using remote sensing data and GIS analysis. The following key findings are reported:
1) Deforestation rates were approximately 9,300 hectares per year, with over 90% of the original 170,000 hectare forest area being converted mainly to paddy fields, settlements, and mixed gardens.
2) Between 1990-1995, most deforestation occurred rapidly and land use shifted among classes like mixed gardens, plantations, settlements and paddy fields.
3) After 1995, mixed gardens and plantations declined steadily while settlements and paddy fields continued increasing, reaching 23.54% and
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1. The document discusses REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation), which aims to create financial value for the carbon stored in forests to promote conservation.
2. It notes the significant emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, which account for about one-fifth of global emissions. REDD presents opportunities to provide large funds for emission reductions.
3. However, there are also challenges to implementing REDD, including establishing robust governance mechanisms, deciding on payments and beneficiaries, and managing various risks to ensure human rights and equitable outcomes. "REDD readiness" is needed to address these challenges.
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The document summarizes research from Pakistan and Indonesia on collective choice in community-based management. Some key findings from preliminary surveys in Indonesia are:
- Respondents agree forest preservation is important but awareness of deforestation levels varies
- Water shortage is seen as the main problem caused by deforestation
- The community is expected to play a primary role in forest management
- Mutual aid within communities is high, but monitoring of illegal logging by the community is not
- Social trust resides most strongly within communities, declining with greater social distance
The document discusses environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) as defined by Agenda 21. It provides background on the International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) and its mandate to promote ESTs based on Agenda 21. ESTs are defined as technologies that protect the environment, are less polluting, use resources sustainably, maximize waste recycling, and handle residual waste responsibly. The document outlines criteria for assessing technologies and identifying ESTs, and discusses the role of ESTs in areas like forest governance and sustainable development.
The document discusses environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) as defined by Agenda 21 of the 1992 Earth Summit. It provides an overview of ESTs, including how they are defined, key criteria for assessing ESTs, frameworks for identifying and selecting ESTs, and how ESTs relate to sustainable development and forest governance. ESTs protect the environment, use resources sustainably, minimize waste, and handle residual waste responsibly compared to other technologies. The document outlines various tools for assessing ESTs and emphasizes stakeholder involvement in defining sustainability contexts and boundaries.
Policy Implementation Analysis of Forest Co Management Program in Banyumas, C...CC BASE
This document analyzes the implementation of a forest co-management policy in Banyumas, Central Java. It finds issues with both the content of the policy and the contextual factors. In terms of content, there are concerns about the sharing formula between stakeholders and lack of incentives for those living near protected forests. Contextually, there is a lack of coordination between the forestry agency and local governments, as well as unresponsive local forestry agencies and a lack of clear responsibilities for forest protection. Overall, the analysis concludes that community participation in policymaking and clarifying protection responsibilities are needed to more effectively implement forest co-management.
The document provides a progress report on the Environmental Sound Technologies (ESTs) in Forestry Waste Management for Disaster Prevention Project in Indonesia. It discusses the project's objectives to promote sustainable forest management and disaster prevention through demonstration of ESTs and capacity building. It outlines activities conducted including preliminary assessments, policy analysis, ESTs demonstrations, training, and the development of a spatial database covering 32 villages and 1005 households.
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1) The document analyzes the implementation of a forest co-management policy in Banyumas, Central Java using a policy implementation approach to understand the influences of content and contextual variables.
2) The forest co-management policy aimed to improve sustainability and economic benefits of forest resources for local communities and authorities through greater participation and responsibility.
3) Analysis found issues with lack of participation in decision making, unclear responsibilities, and lack of coordination that hindered effective implementation. Power dynamics and economic pressures on forests also posed challenges.
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1) The document reports on a survey of 1005 households in villages in Banyumas, Indonesia regarding social capital and forest governance.
2) Preliminary findings show that respondents agree forests are important but have differing views on deforestation levels. Water shortages are seen as the main problem.
3) Communities expect to play a primary role in forest management. Social structures like mutual aid and monitoring exist, but willingness to report logging is lower.
4) Trust levels vary, with own ethnic/religious groups and community leaders having highest trust, and outsiders like NGOs having lowest trust. Good community governance is key to cooperation.
The document provides a progress report on the Environmental Sound Technologies (ESTs) in Forestry Waste Management for Disaster Prevention Project. It summarizes the project's activities and outputs to date. These include developing a spatial database and surveying over 1,000 households to understand social, economic, and environmental conditions. Preliminary assessments have identified potential areas for ESTs demonstrations like ecotourism. Upcoming workshops will discuss these findings and policy recommendations to promote sustainable forest management through ESTs interventions. The project aims to build local capacity and support policies that prevent disasters while improving livelihoods.
The document summarizes research on land cover and land use changes in Banyumas, Central Java between 1990 and 2007 using remote sensing data and GIS analysis. The following key findings are reported:
1) Deforestation rates were approximately 9,300 hectares per year, with over 90% of the original 170,000 hectare forest area being converted mainly to paddy fields, settlements, and mixed gardens.
2) Between 1990-1995, most deforestation occurred rapidly and land use shifted among classes like mixed gardens, plantations, settlements and paddy fields.
3) After 1995, mixed gardens and plantations declined steadily while settlements and paddy fields continued increasing, reaching 23.54% and
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This document discusses the Ministry of Environment of Indonesia's spatial decision support system (SDSS) and open source software. It notes lessons learned from previous projects about issues with spatial data quality, data sharing, and local government capacity. The next steps outlined are to develop the Ministry's SDSS using open source software to improve spatial data management, implement web-based interactive GIS for improved accessibility and usability, and enable spatial analysis and data sharing tools. The SDSS aims to make national mitigation efforts more measurable, reportable and verifiable.
1. The document discusses REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation), which aims to create financial value for the carbon stored in forests to promote conservation.
2. It notes the significant emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, which account for about one-fifth of global emissions. REDD presents opportunities to provide large funds for emission reductions.
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Satta matka fixx jodi panna all market dpboss matka guessing fixx panna jodi kalyan and all market game liss cover now 420 matka office mumbai maharashtra india fixx jodi panna
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WhatsApp 9040963354
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Preliminary Result Of Social Capital
1. 集団分極化現象と米国市民による政策投票の実
験から学ぶリスクコミュニケーションの方法
Forest Governance in Banyumas:
Preliminary Report of Social Capital Analysis
Tatsuro Sakano & Farhan Helmy
Department of Social Engineering
Tokyo Institute of Technology
December 4, 2006
2. Positive Effects of Social Capital: Some Evidences(1)
Excerpted from Uslaner(2003)
3. Positive Effects of Social Capital: Some Evidences(2)
Excerpted from Uslaner(2003)
4. Three generations of developmental strategy
► 1st 50s-60s Material Base (Physical Capital)
modernization by external infusion of sufficient capitals and
technology under the guidance of western experts.
→does not create next cycle of production
► 2nd 70s-90s People Centered (Human Capital)
Self-reliant, human development, empowerment
“build people’s capacity to solve their problems”
→created foreign educated, PhD holders, but poverty
remained
► 3rd 2000s- Trust Base (Social Capital)
5. Definition of CPSETs
“Common Property Socio Eco Tech system” is a system which has
the following properties
behaviors benefit
input commons output
•Indivisibility, mutual dependence of one’s benefits on others
•Free ride-ability (defection is dominant strategy)
•System collapsibility (if all take D then outcome is Parete ineff.
rational individual choice → socially irrational outcome
•CPR Problem by G.Hardin (negtive externality)
•Public goods problem by M.Olsen (positive externality)
6. Public Goods Problem & Local Governance
► Market
indivisible、free ride(social dilemma)
⇒necessity of collective action
► State
high monitoring cost, exploitation,rent-seeking
inflexibility to local commons
⇒necessity of the third approach
► Local governance (Local Property Regime)
self-enforced collective choice mechanism
⇒transaction coast <CC-DD
⇒matter of social invention, diversity
⇒social capital (trust & network of civic engagement)
6
7. Definition of Social Capital
► Alexis De Tocqueville
“Propensity for individuals to join together to address
mutual needs and pursue common interests.”
community spirit, civic engagement,
a sense of belongingness
a sense of individual stewardship for common good
► Coleman(1988) Putman(1993) : A Functional View
“relationship, which facilitates solving collective action
dilemmas by lowering transfer cost of right to control one’s
action”
norms of reciprocity generalized collective action
civic engagement trust
10. Occupation by area
upstream middle downstream total
farmers 72.5 54.5 55.7 65.6
employed 12.8 24.8 29.5 18.2
others 14.8 20.7 14.8 16.2
11. Preliminary Findings: Focused Questions
► Perception about deforestation
Forest preservation
Level of Deforestation
Overexploitation in Upstream Areas
Forest Management Responsibility
► Social Structure for collective action
Mutual Aid within community
Cooperation inside/outside village
Response to logging activity
► Social Structure of Trust
12. forest preservation is important for your area?
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
disagree(4.7) nutral(1.5) agree agree
some(50.5) strong(44.0)
Mostly (94.5%) agrees
13. Level of deforestation
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
)
7)
)
.9)
)
.4
.5
.6
.
9
18
(9
6
3
(1
(1
(3
m
ly(
us
us
er
le
ht
rio
h
ob
io
ot
g
r
se
pr
sli
se
no
o
ts
no
No consensus on the seriousness of deforestation
Only 16% perceives deforestation is serious
14. over exploitation in upstream affect on downstream
region?
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1)
)
2)
.5)
.3
.
5.
48
21
6
(2
al(
e(
e(
ng
tr
m
e
ro
nu
gr
so
st
sa
e
di
re
e
re
ag
ag
Considerable portion disagrees
15. Problem of deforestation
water shortage 55.9
land slide 0.7
erosion 0.7
flodding 0
wikd pigs 9.2
lainnya 4.6
Water shortage is the most common problem
16. responsibility to manage forest
gov (national/district) 15.7
gnv (village) 2.3
local coommunity 18.3
gvn & LC 37.9
mandor 17
KPH 0.4
SFC & LC 0.6
Community is expected to take responsibility
17. Summary of Perception about Forest Preservation
► Almost all agrees on the importance of forest to their area
► However, awareness of deforestation is not high
► There are some perception gaps on
(1) seriousness of deforestation
(2) the interdependency of up & down stream area
► Water shortage is most distinctive damage
► Community is expected to play primary role in responding
to deforestation
18. most people in this village/neighborhood will help
you if you need
disagree 9.5
nutral 11.5
agree some 62.3
agree strong 15.2
Mostly expect mutual help
19. community help (when unfortunate happen such as
land slide/flood, the community get together to help?
very unlikely 0.4
somewhat unlikely 0.9
somewhat likely 13.1
very likely 71.2
Mostly expect mutual help in emergency
20. how likely will be criticized or sanctioned when not
participate in community activity?
very unlikely 2.1
somewhat unlikely 11
somewhat likely 22.5
very likely 50.3
Monitoring & control is effective in community
21. Work/interact with other groups with similar group in
no 18.5 no 27.5
occasionally 26.6 occasionally 22.2
frequently 13.4 frequently 8.6
In the village & neighborhood Outside the village &
neighborhood
Contact with outside the neighbor hood is less
22. if you find logging activity what community will do if they
what do you do ? Ask/inform to find logging?
neighbourhood 25.1 check to the location 16.8
community leader 12.1 no action 42.5
get organized to meet
village gvt 18.2 19.5
community leader
SFC 21.7 inform to the police 13.4
police 4.2
others 6.1
23. Summary of Potentiality of Collective Action
► Mutual aid within communities are perceived high for both
of daily life necessity and in case of emergency
► There are effective control and monitoring mechanism to
suppress free riding (keep members contribution to
community activities)
► However, overall expectation to community to monitor
illegal logging is not high (about 40%)
► Among several actors, community/neighborhood is the
highest to be reported about illegal logging
24. smaller small great greater
extent extent extent extent
own ethnic/tribe 1.7 5.6 10.8 82
other ethnic/tribe 6 27.5 24.4 42
religious leader 0.5 2.1 7 90.3
shopkeeper 1.1 7.7 12.8 75.7
local gvt 2 8.4 14.8 74.5
police 4.6 17.7 17 58.5
international NGO 5.2 15.3 29.9 30.7
national NGO 3.4 13.8 27.6 37.8
RPH 4.4 14.6 20.7 58.5
KPH 3.8 14.2 23.2 56.8
community leader 0.7 2.5 7 89.5
researcher 1.3 5.7 11.8 80.7
stranger 13.1 31 26.7 23
military 3.1 7.5 13.6 69.3
25. advice & expertise
from whithin the members 32.3
other sources in the community 11.1
sources outside the community 10.6
26. Summary of Social Structure of Trust
► There are three groups according to the level of trust
(1)high trust group
own ethnic/tribe, community leader
religious leader
researcher
(2)low trust group
stranger, NGO, other ethnic group
(3)middle trust group
local government, military
police, RPH, KPH
► The basis of social trust resides in community
► The further from the community, the less trust
► The government agency lie in the middle
27. Tentative conclusion and further analysis
► The nature of CPSETs defines collective action problem:
size/spatial, stakeholders, difficulty of collective action
► Sharing perception about interdependency is the necessary
condition for collective action
► There are goods points and bad points
(1) perception gap about inter dependency and
seriousness
(2) variation is high among community by community
(3) necessity to explain this variation
dependency on forest → awareness
where they live, occupation difference
28. Tentative conclusion and further analysis
► The structure of social trust shows:
(1) The basis of social trust resides in community
(2) The further from the community, the less trust
→ difficulty for inter community level cooperation
→ necessity of third trustful party
(3) The government agency lie in the middle
NGO s trust is low
→ local researcher/institution might be the key?
(4) Good governance at community level is the basis for
inter-community level cooperation not a barrier.
► Participatory mapping is considered to be good start