The document discusses a study analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation as a predictive biomarker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. Researchers developed an mR-score biomarker using machine learning that predicted response to chemotherapy. The mR-scores were stable after chemotherapy started and may help stratify bladder cancer risk. Future studies aim to validate the risk stratification model and further explore the translational potential of cfDNA methylation analysis.