If you're thinking about investing in gold, silver or other precious metals, this eBook will give you the information you need to protect yourself from fraud and explain which options are better for certain investors. It start out with an in-depth background of each of the precious metals and then outlines the common ways of investing, such as ETFs, gold IRAs investing, coins, bullion, etc.
Gold has increased in value significantly over the past decade, rising from $1843.60 per ounce in 2011 to over $1900 per ounce currently. This increase has been driven by financial and political crises that increase uncertainty and decrease confidence in fiat currencies. When stock markets and other assets fall, gold often rises as investors view it as a stable store of value. Major crises like the 9/11 attacks, the 2008 recession, European debt problems, and US debt downgrades have all contributed to rising gold prices by weakening currencies and increasing demand for a stable alternative. Political unrest and high inflation also typically cause investors to seek refuge in gold.
The document is a project report submitted by Dhawal Parihar to the University of Mumbai on the gold market of India. It discusses the historical, cultural, and economic significance of gold in Indian society. Gold is widely used in jewelry and is seen as a store of value. The report also examines gold's properties as a metal, its mythological origins in India, traditional uses, consumption trends, production, trading markets, and investment aspects. It provides an overview of the gold industry and gold's deep-rooted role in Indian culture.
Gold plays an important role in Indian culture and economy. About 35-50% of expenditures for Indian weddings go towards purchasing gold jewelry, which is gifted to brides and displays family status. Gold is seen as an investment that retains value, especially during financial crises. While other investment options exist, Indians still prefer gold due to cultural traditions and because a weaker rupee supports domestic gold prices. The price of gold is determined by supply and demand factors like consumer spending, investment demand, and inflation expectations. When prices rise, demand and supply both increase as gold is viewed as a luxury good and store of value.
This document summarizes common gold investment scams and provides tips to avoid them. The top scam involves dealers advertising bullion but then trying to upsell numismatic coins, which cannot be deposited in IRAs and have high commissions. Other scams include exaggerating numismatic coin values and claiming only they would be exempt from government confiscation. The document advises only investing in eligible bullion coins and dealing with reputable dealers to avoid scams when investing in a precious metals IRA.
AMA Brochure 06.06.10 copy with disclaimerKim Koogle
This document summarizes the services of Advantage Metal Advisors, a company that Kim Koogle no longer endorses. It provides an overview of the precious metals and commodities traded by the company, including gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and copper. It describes the dedicated client services offered and focuses on meeting client needs through competitive pricing and trading activities. However, the document also notes that Kim Koogle ended her relationship with Advantage Metal Advisors after learning of their unethical practices.
The document lists the top ten most valuable metals, which include gold, platinum, and silver. These metals have various industrial and decorative uses. The document recommends these metals as alternatives for investment compared to the stock market, as their value holds or increases over time due to their desirability and resistance to deterioration.
What is GOLD?
Information on Gold
Uses and demand
Gold in jewelry
Purity/Fineness
CHINA VS. INDIA
WHO IS BUYING GOLD JEWELLRY?
gold as an investment
Gold as Inflation Hedge
GETTING EXPOSED TO GOLD
Rothbard Model of Gold
Risks of Gold Pricing
Gold Fix ?
PROCESS of Price Determination
Gold Imports
FACTORS AFFECTING GOLD PRICE
Why India Has Stopped Importing Gold ?(P. Chidambaram)
Hdfc sec - Gold ETF and Gold Funds - a review as on Jan 22, 2014Dhuraivel Gunasekaran
Gold prices have fallen significantly in recent years due to factors like tapering of US Fed bond purchases and strengthening dollar. Gold ETF assets under management in India declined 27% year-over-year. Going forward, gold prices may rise slightly due to seasonal demand increases in Asia. However, stronger global economies and rising US interest rates could negatively impact gold prices globally. Gold ETFs provide a way for Indian investors to gain exposure to gold in a convenient, liquid and cost-effective manner.
Gold has increased in value significantly over the past decade, rising from $1843.60 per ounce in 2011 to over $1900 per ounce currently. This increase has been driven by financial and political crises that increase uncertainty and decrease confidence in fiat currencies. When stock markets and other assets fall, gold often rises as investors view it as a stable store of value. Major crises like the 9/11 attacks, the 2008 recession, European debt problems, and US debt downgrades have all contributed to rising gold prices by weakening currencies and increasing demand for a stable alternative. Political unrest and high inflation also typically cause investors to seek refuge in gold.
The document is a project report submitted by Dhawal Parihar to the University of Mumbai on the gold market of India. It discusses the historical, cultural, and economic significance of gold in Indian society. Gold is widely used in jewelry and is seen as a store of value. The report also examines gold's properties as a metal, its mythological origins in India, traditional uses, consumption trends, production, trading markets, and investment aspects. It provides an overview of the gold industry and gold's deep-rooted role in Indian culture.
Gold plays an important role in Indian culture and economy. About 35-50% of expenditures for Indian weddings go towards purchasing gold jewelry, which is gifted to brides and displays family status. Gold is seen as an investment that retains value, especially during financial crises. While other investment options exist, Indians still prefer gold due to cultural traditions and because a weaker rupee supports domestic gold prices. The price of gold is determined by supply and demand factors like consumer spending, investment demand, and inflation expectations. When prices rise, demand and supply both increase as gold is viewed as a luxury good and store of value.
This document summarizes common gold investment scams and provides tips to avoid them. The top scam involves dealers advertising bullion but then trying to upsell numismatic coins, which cannot be deposited in IRAs and have high commissions. Other scams include exaggerating numismatic coin values and claiming only they would be exempt from government confiscation. The document advises only investing in eligible bullion coins and dealing with reputable dealers to avoid scams when investing in a precious metals IRA.
AMA Brochure 06.06.10 copy with disclaimerKim Koogle
This document summarizes the services of Advantage Metal Advisors, a company that Kim Koogle no longer endorses. It provides an overview of the precious metals and commodities traded by the company, including gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and copper. It describes the dedicated client services offered and focuses on meeting client needs through competitive pricing and trading activities. However, the document also notes that Kim Koogle ended her relationship with Advantage Metal Advisors after learning of their unethical practices.
The document lists the top ten most valuable metals, which include gold, platinum, and silver. These metals have various industrial and decorative uses. The document recommends these metals as alternatives for investment compared to the stock market, as their value holds or increases over time due to their desirability and resistance to deterioration.
What is GOLD?
Information on Gold
Uses and demand
Gold in jewelry
Purity/Fineness
CHINA VS. INDIA
WHO IS BUYING GOLD JEWELLRY?
gold as an investment
Gold as Inflation Hedge
GETTING EXPOSED TO GOLD
Rothbard Model of Gold
Risks of Gold Pricing
Gold Fix ?
PROCESS of Price Determination
Gold Imports
FACTORS AFFECTING GOLD PRICE
Why India Has Stopped Importing Gold ?(P. Chidambaram)
Hdfc sec - Gold ETF and Gold Funds - a review as on Jan 22, 2014Dhuraivel Gunasekaran
Gold prices have fallen significantly in recent years due to factors like tapering of US Fed bond purchases and strengthening dollar. Gold ETF assets under management in India declined 27% year-over-year. Going forward, gold prices may rise slightly due to seasonal demand increases in Asia. However, stronger global economies and rising US interest rates could negatively impact gold prices globally. Gold ETFs provide a way for Indian investors to gain exposure to gold in a convenient, liquid and cost-effective manner.
The gold spot price is the price at which physical gold can be bought or sold for immediate delivery. It changes constantly based on supply and demand factors globally. The gold futures price includes costs of storage, delivery, and financing, and is determined based on the current spot price as well as interest rates and supply/demand. The London Gold Fixing establishes benchmark prices twice daily for major currencies but only for large transactions of 400 ounces or more, so it is not the same as the generally available spot price. Trading gold futures provides an alternative to physical gold ownership that allows profiting from gold price movements without taking delivery of gold.
This document analyzes the web page http://www.realgoldira.com/videos.html and its title "Videos - Real Gold IRA" for optimization to rank highly on Google for the search term "real gold ira". It compares the page's performance on various search engine ranking factors to top search results and provides advice, noting the title uses the search term with a high keyword density that could be lowered by adding more text.
The document contains daily predictions from September 2023 to August 2013 for gold, silver, copper and crude oil prices from the website Reiki and Astrology Predictions. For each commodity on each date, brief predictions are given such as "may see some upside" or "may hold its levels". Over 100 entries are listed in total with short repetitive forecasts for the four commodities' future price movements.
Gold and Silver Purity - What all These Numbers MeanFX Pure
Knowing all the purity of Gold and Silver is extremely important before investing in it, so here is everything for you to fully understand the purity units, numbers and facts about the purity of Gold and Silver items.
Precious elements found on earth and their usesRohitsatyaanand
Rhodium, platinum, gold, and osmium are precious metals found on Earth. Rhodium is used in catalytic converters, platinum is used in catalytic converters and jewelry, gold is used in jewelry, coins, and electronics, and osmium is used as a catalyst.
This document discusses the analysis of precious metals such as gold, platinum, and silver. It describes the properties and applications of precious metals and why their purity and composition need to be carefully analyzed. Three analytical techniques - energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry - are introduced as widely-used solutions for rapidly and accurately analyzing precious metals. The document focuses on how these techniques can be applied using instruments from SPECTRO Analytical Instruments to analyze properties like purity, identify alloys, and detect impurities in precious metals.
The document discusses the process of mining and extracting gold. It describes how gold was originally mined during the 1800s gold rush and is now located using soil sampling. It explains two mining methods - lode deposits where gold is visible in rock and panning where gold accumulates in sediment. The extraction process is outlined, involving crushing ore, grinding into a slurry with steel balls, adding cyanide to dissolve the gold, and separating gold from carbon. Refining removes impurities and gold is often alloyed for hardness. Gold has various modern uses including currency, jewelry, dentistry, and industrial applications.
The document discusses various methods for assaying gold, including fire assaying, ICP spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, touchstone testing, and density measurement. Fire assaying is the most widely used and accurate method, involving melting a sample with lead and silver, separating out the noble metals in a cupel, and dissolving away silver to determine the gold content. The method works well for alloys with 30-99.9% gold but requires modifications if nickel, palladium, or platinum are present. Other techniques provide alternatives but with reduced accuracy compared to fire assaying.
Precious metal alloys /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document discusses precious metal alloys used in dentistry. It begins by defining noble metals as those that do not form oxides, such as gold, palladium, platinum, and silver. It then discusses the properties and uses of these metals in dental alloys. The document outlines the history of dental casting alloys and their classification from Type I to Type IV based on hardness and strength. It also discusses the properties of different alloy types and their applications in all-metal restorations, metal-ceramic restorations, and removable partial dentures.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Before we focus on the best Precious metal Investment, let’s recap the reasons for investing in Silver, Gold, Platinum, and Palladium:
· Global economic reset
· Inflation rate higher than bond yields
· Inflation rising rapidly
· Speculate in Mining stocks
· Diversify Portfolio
· End-of-the-World-as-We-Know-It (EOTWAWKI)
When we really focus on the best metal to invest in we can narrow our list to just Silver and Gold.
For Investment purposes we want to focus on the Precious metals with the widest demand from Investors.
These are the people who will buy our metals when it is time to sell and there are far more Investors aware of Gold and Silver than Platinum or Palladium.
Are Precious metals a good long term Investment
Let’s focus specifically on physical Gold now and how we can obtain an ownership interest in the physical metal.
There are three levels of possession we can talk about when we look at how to invest in Gold Bullion:
1. Personal possession
2. Personal possession, removed storage
3. Third-party possession and storage
Benefits of investing in Precious metals
When you consider how to start investing in Gold you may be thinking about any number of factors:
- Storage of wealth in case of Global Economic Reset
- Hedging against Inflation and ongoing monetary debasement
- Diversifying a traditional retirement Portfolio of stocks and bonds
- Gaining exposure to a potential high return Investment
- Leveraging the rising price of Gold with Mining stocks
Best way to buy physical Gold
The foundation of a Gold Investment Portfolio is physical Precious metal under your personal control.
Gold Bullion Coins and bars are preferred over numismatic Coins.
Bullion Coins and bars typically sell for a small premium over the daily price of Gold. As Investor demand for Bullion overwhelms available supply, however, these small premiums can become large.
How to invest in Precious metals
Investing in Gold online can be accomplished using any of these vehicles:
- Physical Gold Trusts and ETFs
- Mining stocks, warrants, and options
- Gold IRAs
- Gold futures
- Options on Gold futures
It is recommended that Investors overweight their Precious metals Portfolio allocation towards Silver and the companies that mine Silver.
Precious metals investing for dummies
Within the Precious metals segment of your Portfolio you will allocate some percentage to physical metal and the rest for Investing in Mining companies (stocks of companies that mine the metals).
For physical metal, US dimes, quarters, and half-dollars minted in 1964 and earlier (“90% Silver coins” or “junk Silver”) held in your personal possession are best and likely carry the lowest premium to the price of Silver.
Bullion coins like Gold Krugerrands or US Silver Eagles are possible choices, although they can carry a greater premium than other options.
Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, and is solid under standard conditions
Gold is a bright yellow metal that occurs naturally in the earth. It has been used for over 5000 years for jewelry, art, and technology due to its attractive color and resistance to corrosion. Gold dissolves in mercury and certain acid solutions, and is used today in dentistry, medicine, electronics, aerospace applications, and sometimes in gourmet foods for decoration due to its inert properties. The major producers of gold are South Africa, Canada, the United States, and Australia.
Gold is a bright yellow metal that occurs naturally in the earth. It has been used for over 5000 years for jewelry, currency and art due to its attractive color and resistance to corrosion. Gold is also used in electronics, dentistry and aerospace applications where its conductivity, malleability and resistance to corrosion are beneficial. It can also be used as a decorative ingredient in some foods and drinks.
Platinum is a rare silvery-white transition metal that is mined in Russia and South Africa. It has been used for decorative purposes for over 3,000 years. Platinum is highly resistant to corrosion and stable at high temperatures, making it valuable for industrial applications like catalytic converters and fuel cells. The largest uses of platinum today are in autocatalysts for emissions control and jewelry, together consuming over 70% of the global supply. Platinum is refined through a complex extraction process from ores where it is found alongside other platinum group metals.
Gold is a yellow metal that is dense, soft, and ductile. It has high electrical conductivity and is resistant to corrosion and tarnishing. Gold has primarily been used throughout history as a currency and for jewelry, though it also has many industrial applications. The largest gold producers today are South Africa, the United States, Australia, Russia, and Peru. India is the largest consumer of gold, using about 25% of newly mined gold primarily for jewelry.
Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities or atomic weights. Some key points:
- Heavy metals can be toxic at low concentrations, though some are only toxic in certain forms or excess amounts.
- Examples of heavy metals that commonly pose environmental hazards include chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead.
- While some heavy metals like iron and copper are essential nutrients, toxicity can still occur from excess intake. The document discusses biological roles and toxicity levels of various heavy metals.
NIBRACA is a gold and silver bullion manufacturing company established in 1970 in Mumbai, India. It strives to improve customer service and maintains long-term relationships with customers. NIBRACA is a market leader in gold trading with increasing annual turnover. It caters to both wholesale and retail customers. With over 42 years of experience in gold and silver trading, NIBRACA has strengthened its business year over year despite competition.
Gold is a soft, shiny yellow metal that is malleable and ductile. It has many industrial and decorative uses in electronics, jewelry, coins and more due to its conductive and corrosion-resistant properties. Iron is the most abundant metal and is used primarily to make steel for construction and machinery. It is found as ore deposits containing iron oxides. Chromite is the only ore of chromium, which is used to make stainless steel and is often found in ultrabasic rocks. Celestite is a mineral containing strontium sulfate and is used in fireworks, alloys and drilling mud.
The gold spot price is the price at which physical gold can be bought or sold for immediate delivery. It changes constantly based on supply and demand factors globally. The gold futures price includes costs of storage, delivery, and financing, and is determined based on the current spot price as well as interest rates and supply/demand. The London Gold Fixing establishes benchmark prices twice daily for major currencies but only for large transactions of 400 ounces or more, so it is not the same as the generally available spot price. Trading gold futures provides an alternative to physical gold ownership that allows profiting from gold price movements without taking delivery of gold.
This document analyzes the web page http://www.realgoldira.com/videos.html and its title "Videos - Real Gold IRA" for optimization to rank highly on Google for the search term "real gold ira". It compares the page's performance on various search engine ranking factors to top search results and provides advice, noting the title uses the search term with a high keyword density that could be lowered by adding more text.
The document contains daily predictions from September 2023 to August 2013 for gold, silver, copper and crude oil prices from the website Reiki and Astrology Predictions. For each commodity on each date, brief predictions are given such as "may see some upside" or "may hold its levels". Over 100 entries are listed in total with short repetitive forecasts for the four commodities' future price movements.
Gold and Silver Purity - What all These Numbers MeanFX Pure
Knowing all the purity of Gold and Silver is extremely important before investing in it, so here is everything for you to fully understand the purity units, numbers and facts about the purity of Gold and Silver items.
Precious elements found on earth and their usesRohitsatyaanand
Rhodium, platinum, gold, and osmium are precious metals found on Earth. Rhodium is used in catalytic converters, platinum is used in catalytic converters and jewelry, gold is used in jewelry, coins, and electronics, and osmium is used as a catalyst.
This document discusses the analysis of precious metals such as gold, platinum, and silver. It describes the properties and applications of precious metals and why their purity and composition need to be carefully analyzed. Three analytical techniques - energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry - are introduced as widely-used solutions for rapidly and accurately analyzing precious metals. The document focuses on how these techniques can be applied using instruments from SPECTRO Analytical Instruments to analyze properties like purity, identify alloys, and detect impurities in precious metals.
The document discusses the process of mining and extracting gold. It describes how gold was originally mined during the 1800s gold rush and is now located using soil sampling. It explains two mining methods - lode deposits where gold is visible in rock and panning where gold accumulates in sediment. The extraction process is outlined, involving crushing ore, grinding into a slurry with steel balls, adding cyanide to dissolve the gold, and separating gold from carbon. Refining removes impurities and gold is often alloyed for hardness. Gold has various modern uses including currency, jewelry, dentistry, and industrial applications.
The document discusses various methods for assaying gold, including fire assaying, ICP spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, touchstone testing, and density measurement. Fire assaying is the most widely used and accurate method, involving melting a sample with lead and silver, separating out the noble metals in a cupel, and dissolving away silver to determine the gold content. The method works well for alloys with 30-99.9% gold but requires modifications if nickel, palladium, or platinum are present. Other techniques provide alternatives but with reduced accuracy compared to fire assaying.
Precious metal alloys /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document discusses precious metal alloys used in dentistry. It begins by defining noble metals as those that do not form oxides, such as gold, palladium, platinum, and silver. It then discusses the properties and uses of these metals in dental alloys. The document outlines the history of dental casting alloys and their classification from Type I to Type IV based on hardness and strength. It also discusses the properties of different alloy types and their applications in all-metal restorations, metal-ceramic restorations, and removable partial dentures.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Before we focus on the best Precious metal Investment, let’s recap the reasons for investing in Silver, Gold, Platinum, and Palladium:
· Global economic reset
· Inflation rate higher than bond yields
· Inflation rising rapidly
· Speculate in Mining stocks
· Diversify Portfolio
· End-of-the-World-as-We-Know-It (EOTWAWKI)
When we really focus on the best metal to invest in we can narrow our list to just Silver and Gold.
For Investment purposes we want to focus on the Precious metals with the widest demand from Investors.
These are the people who will buy our metals when it is time to sell and there are far more Investors aware of Gold and Silver than Platinum or Palladium.
Are Precious metals a good long term Investment
Let’s focus specifically on physical Gold now and how we can obtain an ownership interest in the physical metal.
There are three levels of possession we can talk about when we look at how to invest in Gold Bullion:
1. Personal possession
2. Personal possession, removed storage
3. Third-party possession and storage
Benefits of investing in Precious metals
When you consider how to start investing in Gold you may be thinking about any number of factors:
- Storage of wealth in case of Global Economic Reset
- Hedging against Inflation and ongoing monetary debasement
- Diversifying a traditional retirement Portfolio of stocks and bonds
- Gaining exposure to a potential high return Investment
- Leveraging the rising price of Gold with Mining stocks
Best way to buy physical Gold
The foundation of a Gold Investment Portfolio is physical Precious metal under your personal control.
Gold Bullion Coins and bars are preferred over numismatic Coins.
Bullion Coins and bars typically sell for a small premium over the daily price of Gold. As Investor demand for Bullion overwhelms available supply, however, these small premiums can become large.
How to invest in Precious metals
Investing in Gold online can be accomplished using any of these vehicles:
- Physical Gold Trusts and ETFs
- Mining stocks, warrants, and options
- Gold IRAs
- Gold futures
- Options on Gold futures
It is recommended that Investors overweight their Precious metals Portfolio allocation towards Silver and the companies that mine Silver.
Precious metals investing for dummies
Within the Precious metals segment of your Portfolio you will allocate some percentage to physical metal and the rest for Investing in Mining companies (stocks of companies that mine the metals).
For physical metal, US dimes, quarters, and half-dollars minted in 1964 and earlier (“90% Silver coins” or “junk Silver”) held in your personal possession are best and likely carry the lowest premium to the price of Silver.
Bullion coins like Gold Krugerrands or US Silver Eagles are possible choices, although they can carry a greater premium than other options.
Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, and is solid under standard conditions
Gold is a bright yellow metal that occurs naturally in the earth. It has been used for over 5000 years for jewelry, art, and technology due to its attractive color and resistance to corrosion. Gold dissolves in mercury and certain acid solutions, and is used today in dentistry, medicine, electronics, aerospace applications, and sometimes in gourmet foods for decoration due to its inert properties. The major producers of gold are South Africa, Canada, the United States, and Australia.
Gold is a bright yellow metal that occurs naturally in the earth. It has been used for over 5000 years for jewelry, currency and art due to its attractive color and resistance to corrosion. Gold is also used in electronics, dentistry and aerospace applications where its conductivity, malleability and resistance to corrosion are beneficial. It can also be used as a decorative ingredient in some foods and drinks.
Platinum is a rare silvery-white transition metal that is mined in Russia and South Africa. It has been used for decorative purposes for over 3,000 years. Platinum is highly resistant to corrosion and stable at high temperatures, making it valuable for industrial applications like catalytic converters and fuel cells. The largest uses of platinum today are in autocatalysts for emissions control and jewelry, together consuming over 70% of the global supply. Platinum is refined through a complex extraction process from ores where it is found alongside other platinum group metals.
Gold is a yellow metal that is dense, soft, and ductile. It has high electrical conductivity and is resistant to corrosion and tarnishing. Gold has primarily been used throughout history as a currency and for jewelry, though it also has many industrial applications. The largest gold producers today are South Africa, the United States, Australia, Russia, and Peru. India is the largest consumer of gold, using about 25% of newly mined gold primarily for jewelry.
Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities or atomic weights. Some key points:
- Heavy metals can be toxic at low concentrations, though some are only toxic in certain forms or excess amounts.
- Examples of heavy metals that commonly pose environmental hazards include chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead.
- While some heavy metals like iron and copper are essential nutrients, toxicity can still occur from excess intake. The document discusses biological roles and toxicity levels of various heavy metals.
NIBRACA is a gold and silver bullion manufacturing company established in 1970 in Mumbai, India. It strives to improve customer service and maintains long-term relationships with customers. NIBRACA is a market leader in gold trading with increasing annual turnover. It caters to both wholesale and retail customers. With over 42 years of experience in gold and silver trading, NIBRACA has strengthened its business year over year despite competition.
Gold is a soft, shiny yellow metal that is malleable and ductile. It has many industrial and decorative uses in electronics, jewelry, coins and more due to its conductive and corrosion-resistant properties. Iron is the most abundant metal and is used primarily to make steel for construction and machinery. It is found as ore deposits containing iron oxides. Chromite is the only ore of chromium, which is used to make stainless steel and is often found in ultrabasic rocks. Celestite is a mineral containing strontium sulfate and is used in fireworks, alloys and drilling mud.
Gold has been used by humans for over 5,000 years. It gets its name from the old English word 'Geolo' meaning yellow. Minor amounts of gold are found naturally in many substances like seawater and rocks. To extract gold, ore containing traces of gold must be mined and processed. Pure gold is very malleable and ductile. It has been used in dentistry for over 1,000 years to make dental restorations like crowns, bridges and fillings. Gold alloys are classified according to their gold content and properties. Other metals like palladium, silver, copper and platinum are added to gold alloys to increase properties like strength and hardness.
Direct gold has been used as a dental restorative material since the 15th century. It exists in various forms such as gold foil, electrolytically precipitated mat gold, and granular gold. Gold is biocompatible with tissues and exhibits excellent marginal integrity due to its ability to be cold welded. It is durable but technique sensitive. While gold is highly durable when placed properly, it has disadvantages such as cost and lack of esthetics. Direct gold is best for small class I, II, III, V, VI cavities where esthetics is not a concern and occlusal forces are not heavy.
1. India is one of the world's largest silver markets, consuming over 4,996 tons annually which represents 16% of global silver demand.
2. Indian silver demand comes from personal consumption such as jewelry, silverware, and physical investment, which together account for around 75% of demand. The remaining demand is industrial.
3. India imports silver to meet demand as domestic silver production of 436 tons per year is far below total Indian silver needs. India also recycles around 100 tons of silver annually from scrap.
Gold is a soft, shiny yellow metal that is malleable and ductile. It has many industrial and decorative uses due to its conductive and non-corrosive properties. Iron is the most abundant metal found on Earth and is used to make steel and tools. It is found as ores containing iron oxides. Chromite is an iron chromium oxide mineral that is the only ore of chromium, which is used to make stainless steel and other alloys.
Similar to Precious metals investing cheat sheet for maximum roi & minimum risk - Gold IRA Investing Explained (20)
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Precious metals investing cheat sheet for maximum roi & minimum risk - Gold IRA Investing Explained
1.
2. “Resources like gold and silver (unlike diamonds and oil) are not
produced by the Earth. Yes, they are mined here, but the Earth
does not create them. ” - Continue reading to find out more!
3. Disclaimer
This book is intended for entertainment and reference purposes only. It should not be used for
legal, taxation, medical, or financial advice. The author of this book is not responsible for any
risks taken or losses/damages incurred by the recipients of this book.
Investors and/or consumers should seek advice from a certified financial professional before
making any investments.
We are not responsible for any scams or fraudulent practices by third-party organizations
mentioned, as well as not mentioned, in this book.
This book may be distributed as-is. This book may not be modified.
4. What's Covered In This Exclusive Book
• An introduction to all precious metals
• The top 4 traded metals: gold, silver, platinum, and palladium
• Coins (rounds) and bullion (bars)
• Gold and silver as investments
• The gold standard and why the price of gold continues to rise since 1971
• The different investment options for precious metals
• Choosing gold or silver as a long-term investment
• Why billionaires are investing in gold
• Recommended method for investing in gold and/or silver (for maximum benefits and
minimum risk)
• UK precious metals investors notice
5. Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................................1
Precious Metal Determinants.....................................................................................................................2
Rarity And High Economic Value.........................................................................................................2
Bullion: Mass Of Precious Metals.............................................................................................................5
Gold: Most Sought-After Precious Metal.............................................................................................7
Gold & Silver: Traditional Coinage Metals.............................................................................................13
Gold Standard: Definition And The Three Distinct Kinds..................................................................14
Silver: The Highest Thermal And Electrical Conductivity.................................................................15
Common Gold Investing Methods...........................................................................................................18
Top Recommended ⋆ Gold Investing Method ⋆ ......................................................................19
Silver As An Investment: Ways Of Investing In Silver.......................................................................19
⋆ Top Recommended Silver Investing Method ⋆ ......................................................................21
Platinum & Palladium..............................................................................................................................22
The Four Platinum Bullion Coins: A Brief Description Of Each........................................................23
Palladium: Least Dense Of The Platinum Group Metals....................................................................25
Palladium And Platinum As Investment Commodities..................................................................27
Which Should I Choose For My Investment?..........................................................................................30
⋆ The Secrets To Investing In Gold ⋆ ..................................................................................................31
What Is The Insider Secret?.............................................................................................................31
The Power Of The Gold IRA Rollover.................................................................................................34
What Is A Gold IRA?...................................................................................................................34
Why Choose Gold For Your IRA?..............................................................................................35
How It Works.....................................................................................................................................27
UK Investors......................................................................................................................................39
Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................40
6. Introduction
As an investor, it helps to understand where the inherent value of precious metals comes
from. This book starts out with the history and technicalities of precious metals.
For those who just want to discover the best way to invest in precious metals (the secret),
click here to go to page 33.
1
7. Precious Metal Determinants
Rarity And High Economic Value
A metal is considered "precious" if it is rare and is of high economic value. Under these two
factors, nine metallic chemical elements qualify as precious metals. These are, in no
particular order: gold, palladium, silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, platinum, osmium, and
rhenium.
Safety Issues Concerning Precious Metals
The metallic chemical elements collectively known as precious metals are called as such
because of their extreme rarity and high economic value. Precious metals occur naturally or
are by-products of the processing of other less rare metals.
In order of increasing mass abundance (parts per billion), the precious metals are rhenium,
rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, gold, platinum, palladium, and silver. These metals are
not radioactive and are mostly used for industrial purposes and for jewelry.
Still, precious metals have some safety issues attached to them:
Rhenium:
Since rhenium is used in very small amounts, its toxicity is virtually unknown. The hazardous
property of rhenium halide, for example, may be attributed either to rhenium itself or to the
other elements that make up the compound. Another rhenium compound - potassium
perrhenate - is known to have a median lethal dose much like that of sodium chloride
(commonly known as table salt).
Rhodium:
Although rhodium is inert (being a noble metal, as almost all the other precious metals are), it
can be reactive, especially if used as compounds. In its basic form, however, rhodium is not
known to cause any harm.
Iridium:
Iridium, when finely divided, can pose some hazards - it can ignite in air. Apart from this,
accidental exposure to a radioisotope of iridium may cause poisoning by radiation, burns, and
even death.
Ruthenium:
Three conditions may be associated with exposure to ruthenium: it can stain the skin; it may
2
8. accumulate in bones; and it may increase the risk of cancer. Ruthenium tetroxide, a yellow,
diamagnetic tetrahedral ruthenium compound, is highly toxic and volatile; it may explode if it
comes into contact with combustible materials.
Osmium:
Osmium, like iridium, can ignite spontaneously in air when in finely divided form. The
compound osmium tetroxide, in particular, is highly volatile and is extremely toxic if
accidentally inhaled, ingested, or comes into contact with the skin.
Gold:
In its elemental form, gold does not cause irritation and is not toxic even when ingested. In
fact, it is used as a component in some alcoholic drinks and as a food additive. However, ionic
chemical compounds of gold (example, gold chloride) can be extremely harmful to the
kidneys and liver.
Platinum:
Findings by the U.S. federal agency CDC reveal that exposure to platinum salts, on the short
term, may cause nose, throat, and eye irritation. Long-term exposure to these compounds, on
the other hand, may cause skin and respiratory allergies.
Palladium:
Palladium in bulk metallic form is completely inert. The same can't be said though of the metal
in finely divided form, which can readily ignite in air.
Silver:
Silver compounds (example, colloidal silver), when absorbed into the body, may cause
argyria, a condition characterized by the bluish-gray pigmentation of the skin, mucous tissues,
and the eyes. While the condition is not really harmful to one's health, it is often permanent.
Otherwise, silver per se is not at all toxic.
It certainly is important to know that each of the precious metals has possible health hazards
so that first-time handlers can take the necessary precautions. We will mainly be discussing
the four most commonly traded precious metals, which are: gold, silver, platinum, and
palladium.
So that while the chemical element tellurium is considered one of the rarest element in the
Earth's crust (its mass abundance being the same as that of rhodium, iridium, and ruthenium),
its estimated price is only less than 5 U.S. dollars per troy ounce, and, therefore, cannot be
considered a precious metal. The same can be said of bismuth, which has a mass abundance
half less than that of palladium, but with a price of only a little more than a tenth of tellurium's
price.
3
9. In terms of mass abundance, expressed in parts per billion (ppb), here's how the nine
precious metals are ranked (rare to rarest): 9th: silver (75 ppb); 8th: palladium (15 ppb); 7th:
gold (4 ppb); 6th: osmium (1.5 ppb); 5th to 3rd: iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium (1 ppb); 2nd:
rhenium (0.7 ppb); and 1st: platinum (0.003 ppb).
4
10. Bullion: Mass Of Precious Metals
Bullion is a mass of any one of the known precious metals. By strict definition, precious
metals are those metallic elements that are rare. Bullion is commonly made of either gold or
silver. Its value is determined by the worth of the metal rather than by its face value as money.
To put it another way, bullion is valued based on the mass and purity of the metal used,
instead of its artificial currency value.
New sources of ore have been discovered and there also have been improvements in the
mining and refining processes. These two factors may cause the values of gold, silver, and
the other precious metals to diminish. Also, the "precious" qualification of a metal is
determined by the market value or high demand.
Bullion is traded on commodity markets in two forms: bulk ingots or coins, the latter minted by
the government of a country. At least ten countries are known to mint gold and silver bullion
coins. These are Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Mexico, Poland, South Africa,
Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
While bullion coins are issued as legal tender, with nominal values assigned to them on
minting, such face values are far below the commodity value of the metals themselves. Here's
an example: Most of the gold coins issued by national governments, particularly those with
currency values of between 10 and 100 U.S. dollars, usually contain no less than 31 grams of
gold. On the average (considering the consistent rise in the exchange rate of gold), the value
of gold is around USD12 per gram. Here, it is clear that the currency value assigned by the
government to a gold bullion coin has no meaning.
Below is a list of some of the government-issued gold and silver bullion coins:
1. Australian Gold Nugget, Lunar Series I, and Lunar Series II
2. Austrian Philharmoniker
3. Canadian Maple Leaf
4. Chinese Gold Panda
5. Mexican Centenario, Libertad, and Onza
6. Polish Orzel bielik
7. South African Krugerrand
8. Swiss Vreneli
5
11. 9. British Britannia and Sovereign
10. American Buffalo, American Eagle, and Double Eagle
The 10,000-dollar Australian Gold Nugget is one of the world's largest bullion coins. Minted by
the Australian government, this bullion coin is made of 1 kilogram of 99.9% pure gold. Some
other bullion coins larger than the Australian Gold Nugget have come out. However, these are
not produced in mass quantities and are not practical to handle. Two examples are given
here: One is the 100,000-euro Vienna Philharmonic, minted in 2004, which contains 31
kilograms of gold; the other is the 1 million-dollar Canadian Maple Leaf, minted in 2007, which
contains 100 kilograms of gold.
Three factors - metal, purity, and weight - affect the value of bullion. The overall value of
bullion is determined by the metal used. We know, of course, that platinum is worth more than
gold, which, in turn, is worth more than silver. It is easy to understand, therefore, that silver
bullion coins have become popular with collectors because of their relative affordability.
Krugerrand: Most Well-Known Precious Metal Coin
There are thirty-three known bullion coins in the world. Of these, 5 are made of platinum, 1 of
palladium, 9 of silver, and 18 of gold. And of all these precious metal coins, the South African
gold bullion coin Krugerrand is perhaps the most popular.
In 1967, the South African Mint Company introduced the Krugerrand, with the intention of
circulating it as currency. Its status as a legal tender was seen as the best way for marketing
South African gold around the world. In fact, thirteen years after its introduction, this precious
metal coin accounted for about ninety percent of the gold coin market.
The Krugerrand comes in four varieties:
1. One-tenth ounce coin (0.11 troy ounce in weight, 1.35 millimeters thick, and 16.55
millimeters in diameter).
2. Quarter ounce coin (0.27 troy ounce in weight, 1.89 millimeters thick, and 22.06 millimeters
in diameter).
3. Half ounce coin (0.55 troy ounce in weight, 2.22 millimeters thick, and 27.07 millimeters in
diameter).
4. One ounce coin (1.09 troy ounces in weight, 2.84 millimeters thick, and 32.77 millimeters in
diameter).
Each of these four coin varieties is 22K, containing 91.67% pure gold and 8.33% copper. This
composition was meant to make the coins more durable and harder and thus resist dents and
scratches, as, again, they were originally intended for circulation.
On the obverse of the Krugerrand is the face of Stephanus Jonannes Paulus Kruger, fifth
6
12. president of the South African Republic (note the surname Kruger and the South African
currency Rand were combined to give this precious metal coin its name). Also here are the
Afrikaans and English versions of the name "South Africa", both inscribed in capital letters.
On the reverse of the coin is an image of the springbok, an antelope specie which is a South
African national symbol. Atop the image is an inscription of the name of the coin, in capital
letters, while below it is the coin's gold content, inscribed in Afrikaans and English.
Special samples of the coin (proof Krugerrand) are minted and offered as collector's items.
These proof Krugerrands are priced above the bullion Krugerrands. The two coin versions
can be distinguished from one another by the number of serrations they have - the proof
version has 220, while the bullion has 40 less than the former's.
Other nations, such as Canada, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom, started
producing their own precious metal coins one after the other beginning in 1979. The decisions
of these gold-producing countries to mint their own bullion coins were most likely inspired by
the success of the Krugerrand in its role as a vehicle for promoting the South African gold to
the international market. As of 2008, about 1.3 million kilograms of South African gold,
contained in Krugerrand coins, have been sold.
Unlike the bullion coin series of other countries, which come in gold and silver, the Krugerrand
comes only in gold. Coins made of silver that are passed off as "Krugerrands" are neither
produced by the South African Mint Company nor sanctioned by the government of South
Africa.
Gold: Most Sought-After Precious Metal
Of all the different precious metals we can think of, gold is certainly the one most greatly
desired.
Since the beginning of recorded history, gold has been in use in many different works of art,
7
13. coinage, and, of course, jewelry.
Occurring as grains in rocks and in alluvial deposits, gold is shiny, soft, and dense. It is known
to be the most ductile and malleable pure metal.
Gold nuggets are naturally occurring large masses of native gold found in alluvial deposits.
Often they are concentrated by watercourses and recovered by placer mining. In other
instances, gold nuggets are found in piles of residue in sites where mining operations once
took place.
Two gold nuggets are noted for being the largest masses of gold ever discovered. These are
the "Welcome Stranger" and the "Hand of Faith". Their respective "largest" titles, however,
carry further qualifications.
The Welcome Stranger Gold Nugget:
The exact distinction given of this gold nugget is: "the largest alluvial gold nugget ever found".
It was discovered on February 5, 1869 at Moliagul, a small township in Victoria, Australia
about 37 miles west of the city of Bendigo. The discoverers, John Deason and Richard Oates,
found the nugget just a couple inches below the surface on a slope in a place that's
sometimes called Black Reef.
Records have the following details about the Welcome Stranger:
• Gross weight: 3,523.5 troy ounces (241.61 pounds)
• Trimmed weight: 2,520 troy ounces (172.8 pounds)
• Net weight: 2,315.5 troy ounces (158.78 pounds)
• Measurement: 2 feet (0.61 meter) x 1.02 feet (0.31 meter)
For their find, Deason and Oates were paid about £19,068 by the London Chartered Bank
(located in the town of Dunolly in Victoria), where they took the nugget.
The Welcome Stranger no longer exists today, although the gold from it understandably still
does. Also, there exist two replicas of the nugget. One is in possession of the descendants of
John Deason, while the other is in the City Museum in Treasury Place, in Melbourne.
The Hand of Faith Gold Nugget:
This gold nugget actually carries two distinctions: "the largest gold nugget found by a metal
detector" and "the largest gold nugget currently in existence". It was discovered on
September 26, 1980 somewhere near the small town of Kingower in Victoria, Australia.
The nugget's discoverer, Kevin Hillier, was aided by a metal detector in this precious find.
Hillier found the nugget in a vertical position just a foot below the surface.
8
14. The Hand of Faith weighs 874.82 troy ounces (60 pounds) and measures 1.54 feet (0.47
meter) x 0.66 feet (0.20 meter) x 0.30 feet (0.09 meter). The Golden Nugget Casino in Las
Vegas, Nevada currently houses the nugget. Its sale price was reportedly around 1 million
U.S. dollars.
Gold nuggets actually are not composed of pure 24K gold. A safer estimate would be that
they're somewhere between 20K and 23K. Those found in Australia often have higher purity
than the ones found in Alaska. The color of a nugget often provides a clue as to the purity of
its gold content. Nuggets that have very rich deep orange/yellow color are sure to have higher
gold content than pale ones.
Also, there is a system called "millesimal fineness" which is used to denote the purity of gold
alloy (also of silver and platinum alloys) by parts per thousand of pure metal by mass in the
alloy. A nugget containing 91.6% gold, for example, is denoted as "916 fine". This fineness is
equivalent to 22K.
What makes pure gold especially attractive is its bright yellow color and luster. These
characteristics are maintained as gold is chemically unaffected by air or moisture. Here are
some of the properties of gold:
General:
• Chemical Symbol: Au
• Atomic Number: 79
• Category (as an element): Transition Metal
• Group/ Period/ Block (in the Periodic Table): 11/ 6/ d
• Atomic Weight: 196.966569(4) g.mol-1
• Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Physical:
• Density (near room temperature): 19.30 g.cm-3
• Liquid Density (at melting point): 17.31 g.cm-3
• Melting Point: 1064.18°C, 1947.52°F, 1337.33°K
• Boiling Point: 2856°C, 5173°F, 3129°K
• Heat of Fusion: 12.55 kJ.mol-1
9
15. • Heat of Vaporization: 324 kJ.mol-1
Atomic:
• Oxidation States: -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• Electronegativity: 2.54 (Pauling scale)
• Atomic Radius: 144 picometre
• Covalent Radius: 136±6 picometre
• Van der Waals Radius: 166 picometre
• Ionization Energies: 890.1 kJ.mol-1 (first), 1980 kJ.mol-1 (second)
The term "gold" was derived from "geolu", an Old English Anglo-Saxon word which means
"yellow". Its symbol "Au", on the other hand, originated from "aurum", the Latin word for
"gold". The exact period when gold was first discovered could be a subject of dispute. While
some accounts point to the year 1848 when gold was discovered in California, history tells us
that this precious metal was already being used extensively by the ancient Egyptians,
Romans, Greeks, Chinese, and South Americans.
Throughout history, gold has served as a measure of value and a symbol of wealth. It is one
of the coinage metals (along with silver and copper). It is used, customarily and legally, as a
means of payment or a medium of exchange. Gram and troy weight are the units of
measurement used for gold. To indicate the amount of gold present in, say, a piece of jewelry,
the term "carat" is used. A necklace, for instance, that is 24 carats means that it is made of
pure gold.
While gold's price is determined through trading in the derivatives and gold markets, its daily
benchmark price is provided in a procedure called the London Gold Fix. In this procedure, the
price of the precious metal is determined each business day on the London market. The fixing
is done twice - once in the morning and another in the afternoon. The latter actually was
introduced about 49 years after the procedure itself was introduced, as a means of providing
a price when US markets are open.
This gold-price fixing procedure is done by the five members of the London Gold Market
Fixing Ltd., namely The Bank of Nova Scotia, Barclays Capital, Deutsche Bank AG London,
HSBC, and Societe Generale Corporate & Investment Banking.
Gold nuggets are naturally occurring large masses of native gold found in alluvial deposits.
Often they are concentrated by watercourses and recovered by placer mining. In other
instances, gold nuggets are found in piles of residue in sites where mining operations once
took place.
Two gold nuggets are noted for being the largest masses of gold ever discovered. These are
10
16. the "Welcome Stranger" and the "Hand of Faith". Their respective "largest" titles, however,
carry further qualifications.
The Welcome Stranger Gold Nugget:
The exact distinction given of this gold nugget is: "the largest alluvial gold nugget ever found".
It was discovered on February 5, 1869 at Moliagul, a small township in Victoria, Australia
about 37 miles west of the city of Bendigo. The discoverers, John Deason and Richard Oates,
found the nugget just a couple inches below the surface on a slope in a place that's
sometimes called Black Reef.
Records have the following details about the Welcome Stranger:
• Gross weight: 3,523.5 troy ounces (241.61 pounds)
• Trimmed weight: 2,520 troy ounces (172.8 pounds)
• Net weight: 2,315.5 troy ounces (158.78 pounds)
• Measurement: 2 feet (0.61 meter) x 1.02 feet (0.31 meter)
For their find, Deason and Oates were paid about £19,068 by the London Chartered Bank
(located in the town of Dunolly in Victoria), where they took the nugget.
The Welcome Stranger no longer exists today, although the gold from it understandably still
does. Also, there exist two replicas of the nugget. One is in possession of the descendants of
John Deason, while the other is in the City Museum in Treasury Place, in Melbourne.
The Hand of Faith Gold Nugget:
This gold nugget actually carries two distinctions: "the largest gold nugget found by a metal
detector" and "the largest gold nugget currently in existence". It was discovered on
September 26, 1980 somewhere near the small town of Kingower in Victoria, Australia.
The nugget's discoverer, Kevin Hillier, was aided by a metal detector in this precious find.
Hillier found the nugget in a vertical position just a foot below the surface.
The Hand of Faith weighs 874.82 troy ounces (60 pounds) and measures 1.54 feet (0.47
meter) x 0.66 feet (0.20 meter) x 0.30 feet (0.09 meter). The Golden Nugget Casino in Las
Vegas, Nevada currently houses the nugget. Its sale price was reportedly around 1 million
U.S. dollars.
Gold nuggets actually are not composed of pure 24K gold. A safer estimate would be that
they're somewhere between 20K and 23K. Those found in Australia often have higher purity
than the ones found in Alaska. The color of a nugget often provides a clue as to the purity of
its gold content. Nuggets that have very rich deep orange/yellow color are sure to have higher
gold content than pale ones.
11
17. Also, there is a system called "millesimal fineness" which is used to denote the purity of gold
alloy (also of silver and platinum alloys) by parts per thousand of pure metal by mass in the
alloy. A nugget containing 91.6% gold, for example, is denoted as "916 fine". This fineness is
equivalent to 22K.
12
18. Gold & Silver: Traditional Coinage Metals
Four transition metals make up group 11 of the periodic table of
elements. All, except one, are considered traditional coinage
metals. Qualifying this further, only two of these three traditional
coinage metals are considered precious metals. These are gold
and silver.
Gold and silver are rare and have high economic values. These
things can't be said of copper, the other traditional coinage metal.
Occurring in nature in metallic form, these two precious metals can be produced sans the use
of extraction metallurgy. These other characteristics of gold and silver make them both well
suited for coinage:
• They are not radioactive.
• They are more ductile or softer than most other elements.
• They are less reactive compared with other elements.
• They have excellent luster.
• They have higher melting points compared with other metals.
The high-ductility property of gold and silver means they can be easily damaged as coins for
circulation. Coins intended for circulation must be highly resistant to corrosion and wear. For
this reason, gold or silver must be alloyed with other metals (example, manganese) so that
the resulting coins will come out harder, more wear-resistant, and not easily damaged or
deformed.
As numismatic items, gold and silver coins are made almost entirely of the precious metals,
respectively. Current collectible gold coins (the 22-carat gold coins), for example, are made of
92% gold, with silver and copper comprising the rest. The coins in circulation in the United
States prior to 1933 were made of 90% gold and 10% copper-silver combined. Canada's
official gold bullion coin - The Canadian Gold Maple Leaf - is made of 99.999% gold; and so
are these four other gold bullion coins:
1. British Britannia (with a face value of 100 pounds).
2. Chinese Gold Panda (with face values of 500, 200, 100, 50, and 25 Yuan).
3. Swiss Helvetia Head (with face values of 100, 20, and 10 Swiss francs).
4. Austrian Vienna Philharmonic (with face values of 100, 50, 25, and 10 euros).
13
19. Silver coins, like the minted coins circulated in the United States and other countries prior to
1965, were made of 90% silver and 10% copper. The American Silver Eagle and the Mexican
Silver Libertad bullion coins, introduced in 1986 and 1982 respectively, were made of 99.9%
silver and 0.1% copper.
Other notable silver bullion coins include the Australian Silver Kookaburra, Chinese Silver
Panda, and the Russian George the Victorious.
Minting coins, whether gold or silver, always entails the risk of having the value of the metal
used in the coin greater than the coin's face value. This is especially true in coins of low
denomination. Because of this, there exists the possibility of some smelters taking gold or
silver coins and melting these down for the scrap value of the precious metals.
A couple examples, in this regard, are worth mentioning here: US pennies have been made of
copper-clad zinc since 1982, when they were before this time made of copper alloys; and
British pennies were once made of 97% copper, but are now made of copper-plated steel.
As additional information, gold and silver both have a currency code of ISO 4217.
Gold Standard: Definition And The Three Distinct Kinds
The gold standard is defined in many different reference materials as a monetary system in
which the unit of currency used is a fixed quantity or weight of gold. Under this system, all
forms of money, including notes and bank deposits, were freely converted into gold at the
fixed price.
There are three known kinds of gold standard that have been adopted since the early 1700s -
the gold specie, gold exchange, and gold bullion standards. Following is the definition and a
brief historical account of each.
Gold Specie Standard:
In this gold standard, the unit of currency is linked to the gold coins that are in circulation.
More specifically, the monetary unit is associated with the unit of value of a specific gold coin
in circulation along with that of any secondary coinage (coins made of metal that is valued
less than gold).
Recorded history points to the existence of a gold specie standard in medieval empires. For
example, the Eastern Roman Empire made use of a gold coin called Byzant (from the original
Greek term Bezant). The first known major area in the world to be on a gold specie standard
in modern times is the British West Indies. That standard, however, was more of a commonly
applied system rather than an officially established one. It was based on the Spanish gold
coin called the doubloon.
14
20. The United States adopted the gold specie standard "de jure" (by law) in 1873, using the
American Gold Eagle as unit.
Gold Exchange Standard:
In this gold standard, only the circulation of coins minted from lesser valuable metals (such as
silver) may be involved. The authorities, however, will have undertaken a fixed exchange rate
with a country that's on the gold standard.
Before the turn of the 20th century, countries that were still on silver standard started pegging
their monetary units to the gold standard of either the United States or the United Kingdom.
For example, Mexico, the Philippines, and Japan pegged their respective silver units to the
U.S. dollar at fifty cents.
Gold Bullion Standard:
In this gold standard, gold bullion is sold on demand at a fixed price. It was introduced in 1925
by the British Parliament in an act which at the same time voided the gold specie standard.
Six years later, the United Kingdom decided to temporarily stop the gold bullion standard
because of the large amount of gold that flowed out across the Atlantic Ocean. The gold
standard eventually ended that same year.
One of the advantages of the gold standard is that it sort of restricts the government's power
in inflating prices, which is possible through excessive issuance of paper currency. Also by
providing a fixed pattern of exchange rates, the gold standard may effectively lessen
uncertainty in international trade.
As to its disadvantage, the gold standard may make monetary policy ineffective in stabilizing
the economy in the event of a general slowdown in economic activity. This is likely, as many
economists fear, since under the gold standard the supply of gold would be the exclusive
determinant to the amount of money.
15
21. Silver: The Highest Thermal And Electrical Conductivity
Silver is generally described as a soft, white, lustrous metallic chemical element. It occurs
naturally in its pure form, as an alloy with other metallic elements (especially gold), and in
chlorargyrite and other minerals. As one of three coinage metals (the other two being copper
and gold), silver is very malleable and ductile.
Of the different metals, silver is known to have the highest thermal conductivity. Similarly of
the different known elements, silver has the highest electrical conductivity. Provided below are
some of the properties of this precious metal.
General:
• Chemical Symbol: Ag
• Atomic Number: 47
• Category (as an element): Transition Metal
• Group/ Period/ Block (in the Periodic Table): 11/ 5/ d
• Atomic Weight: 107.8682 g.mol-1
• Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s1
Physical:
• Density (near room temperature): 10.49 g.cm-3
• Liquid Density (at melting point): 9.320 g.cm-3
• Melting Point: 961.78°C, 1234.93°F, 2041.4°K
• Boiling Point: 2162°C, 3924°F, 2435°K
16
22. • Heat of Fusion: 11.28 kJ.mol-1
• Heat of Vaporization: 250.58 kJ.mol-1
Atomic:
• Oxidation States: 1, 2, 3
• Electronegativity: 1.93 (Pauling scale)
• Atomic Radius: 144 picometre
• Covalent Radius: 145±5 picometre
• Van der Waals Radius: 172 picometre
• Ionization Energies: 731 kJ.mol-1 (first), 2070 kJ.mol-1 (second), 3361 kJ.mol-1 (third)
Despite having higher electrical conductivity than copper, silver isn't as much used for
electrical purposes as copper is. There are two reasons for this: first is that silver has a
greater tendency to tarnish; and second is that silver is much more expensive.
As a precious metal, silver has been much valued for ages with its so many applications, as in
the following:
1. Jewelry (sterling silver is used in making fine jewelry and watches).
2. Silverware (sterling silver is also used in making utensils, tableware and ornaments).
3. Photography (silver nitrate and silver halides are used in making films).
4. Electrical and electronic products (silver paints are used in making printed circuits; silver
electrical contacts are used in making computer keyboards).
5. Dentistry (silver-mercury alloy is used in making dental amalgams).
6. Optics and mirrors.
7. Various industrial and commercial uses (silver is ideal for use as a catalyst in chemical
reactions).
8. Clothing (silver ions are mixed with the polymer to make yarns).
9. Medicine (silver compounds and silver ions have toxic effect on some viruses, fungi and
bacteria, but not on humans).
17
23. 10. Currency or coinage (as in silver bullion).
The principal sources of silver are copper, lead, zinc and gold ores. It also occurs in the
minerals chlorargyrite and argentite. Of course, silver occurs natively, too. Some of the top
silver-producing countries in the world are the United States, Canada, Peru, and Mexico. Fine
silver, which has no less than 99.9% silver, is available commercially.
Because of competing store-of-value and industrial demands, the price of silver has fluctuated
considerably over the last century. As of the beginning of 2010, the price of this precious
metal is estimated at about 18 U.S. dollars per troy ounce (or 588 U.S. dollars per kilogram).
18
24. Common Gold Investing Methods
Four of the nine known precious metals are regarded as investment commodities. Of these
four, gold is the most popular. Investing in gold is a way of protecting against crises that may
be brought about by economic or political instability or by social unrest.
There are at least seven ways of investing in gold:
Buying gold coins:
This is the most popular way of investing in gold. Gold bullion coins are typically priced based
on their weight; a premium is added to the gold spot price. Gold coins may be bought or sold
over the counter in most Swiss banks. However, only certain coins are allowed by the IRS in a
gold IRA. They are listed here.
Buying gold bars:
This is the most traditional way of investing in gold. As in gold bullion coins, bullion gold bars
can be bought or sold over the counter in most Swiss banks, as well as in major banks in
Liechtenstein and Austria. There also are bullion dealers that provide this same kind of
service. Gold bars however are becoming less and less an option among investors due to the
difficulties (in the verification process, transportation, and storage) associated with them.
Opening a gold account:
Gold accounts are offered by most banks in Switzerland. Here, gold can be bought or sold in
much the same way foreign currencies are dealt. A gold account is backed either through
non-fungible (allocated) gold storage or pooled (unallocated) storage.
Owning a gold certificate:
A gold investor may opt to hold on to a gold certificate rather than store the physical gold
bullion. The gold certificate allows the investor to buy and sell the security and do away with
the many difficulties associated with the actual gold's transfer.
Trading in Gold Exchange-Traded Funds (GETFs):
Trading in GETFs is like trading shares in, say, the New York Stock Exchange or the London
Stock Exchange. Gold Bullion Securities, the first GETF introduced (in 2003, on the Australian
Stock Exchange), stood for 1/10 of an ounce of gold. GETFs are a good means of gaining
exposure to the price of gold, minus the inconvenience of storage. Trading in GETFs involves
payment of commission and storage fee (charged on an annual basis). The expenses
incurred in relation to the handling of the fund are charged through the selling of a certain
amount of the gold as represented by the certificate. Over time, the amount of gold in the
19
25. certificate, as may be expected, decreases.
Entering in a Contract For Difference (CFD):
Some of the noted financial services firms, especially those in the United Kingdom, provide
Contract for Difference (CFD). In this gold investment vehicle, two parties (a "buyer" and a
"seller") enter into a contract, in which the seller agrees to pay the buyer the difference
between the current value of gold and its value at contract time. In case the difference is
negative, the seller receives payment instead from the buyer. A CFD, therefore, allows an
investor to take advantage of long or short positions, enabling him/her to speculate on these
markets.
In a related scenario, an investor may buy gold early in a condition where there is increased
investor confidence. The investor then sells the gold before a general decline in the stock
market sets in. Obviously in this case, the investor's aim is to gain financially.
⋆ Top Recommended Gold Investing Method ⋆
Opening a Gold IRA (Retirement Account Rollover into Physical Gold):
This is perhaps now the most common type of way people invest in gold because it allows
them to invest large amounts with the same tax benefits of a traditional Roth IRA. The IRS
now allows investors to allocate all or a portion of any or all of their eligible retirement
accounts.
Most gold/silver investors now choose this because it is simply the very best way to invest in
precious metals as there are many benefits on top of the stability and growth potential. Click
here to learn more.
Silver As An Investment: Ways Of Investing In Silver
Silver is like three other precious metals (gold, palladium, and platinum) in terms of being
regarded as an investment commodity. In fact, this precious metal has been regarded as a
form of currency and a store of value for over four centuries.
There are different ways by which one may invest in silver. Seven are presented here:
Buying silver coins:
This is a popular way of taking hold of silver - physically. Perhaps the best example of a silver
coin is the Canadian Silver Maple Leaf, which consists of 99.99% pure silver. Silver coins may
either be "fine silver" or "junk silver". Junk silver coins are older coins with a lower percentage
20
26. of silver. Examples of these are the dime, quarter, and fifty-cent U.S. coins minted in 1964 or
earlier. These coins contain 90% silver and are 8/10 troy ounce per 1 USD of face value.
Buying silver bullion bars:
This is the most traditional way of investing in silver. Silver bullion bars can be bought or sold
over the counter in most banks in Switzerland. They may be stored in safe deposit boxes in
banks or placed in non-fungible (allocated) or pooled (unallocated) storage with a silver
dealer.
Opening a silver account:
An investor may open a silver account with one of the major banks in Switzerland. Here, silver
can be bought or sold over the counter just like any foreign currency. However, the bank client
does not own the actual silver metal. Instead, he/she has a claim against the bank for a
specified quantity of the metal. A silver account is backed through either allocated or
unallocated storage.
Owning a silver certificate:
In lieu of storing actual silver bullion, an investor may opt for ownership of a silver certificate.
A silver certificate allows an investor to buy and sell the security sans the inconveniences
associated with the physical silver's transfer. The Perth Mint Certificate Programme, which is
fully guaranteed by the Government of Western Australia, is the only silver certificate program
in the world that is guaranteed by a national government.
Trading in Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs):
An investor can have an easy way of gaining exposure to the price of silver through an ETF.
Some of the well-known ETFs include iShares Silver Trust (with ticker symbol NYSE: SLV),
Central Fund of Canada (with ticker symbols TSX: CEF.NV.A, NYSE: CEF), and ETFS Silver
Trust (with ticker symbol NYSE: SIVR). Trading in ETFs means doing away with the
inconveniences associated with the handling of physical silver bars.
Entering in a Contract For Difference (CFD):
Some of the noted financial services firms, especially those in the United Kingdom, provide
Contract for Difference (CFD). In this silver investment vehicle, two parties (a "buyer" and a
"seller") enter into a contract, in which the seller agrees to pay the buyer the difference
between the current value of silver and its value at contract time. In case the difference is
negative, the seller receives payment instead from the buyer. A CFD, therefore, allows an
investor to take advantage of long or short positions, enabling him/her to speculate on these
markets.
It must be mentioned here though that silver has lost its forced tender status in the United
States since the abandonment of the silver standard, when, on August 15, 1967, then U.S.
President Lyndon B. Johnson announced that the U.S. would discontinue redeeming currency
21
27. for silver (or any other precious metal).
Top Recommended Silver ⋆ Investing Method ⋆
Opening a Gold IRA (Retirement Account Rollover into Physical Silver):
This is perhaps now the most common type of way people invest in gold because it allows
them to invest large amounts with the same tax benefits of a traditional Roth IRA. The IRS
now allows investors to allocate all or a portion of any or all of their eligible retirement
accounts.
Most gold/silver investors now choose this because it is simply the very best way to invest in
precious metals as there are many benefits on top of the stability and growth potential. Click
here to learn more.
22
28. Platinum & Palladium
In the periodic table of the chemical elements, six metallic elements - all transition metals -
are clustered together and lie in the d-block (the d-block in the periodic table refers to groups
8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6). These six elements are collectively referred to as the platinum
group metals.
Of this group of metals, platinum is considered the most widely traded, as it is extensively
used in the following: catalytic converters; dental alloys and other dentistry equipment;
electrical conductors; resistive thermal devices, laboratory dishes and such other equipment
capable of resisting chemical attack even in high temperature; and, of course, jewelry.
As a transition element, platinum is gray-white in appearance. Often because of this, it is
mistaken for silver. Its other physical characteristics include its being malleable, ductile, and
dense. But while platinum is generally resistant to corrosion, it is corroded by certain
elements, such as cyanides (potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide), caustic alkalis, sulfur,
and any of the five halogens (astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine).
The following lists some of the properties of platinum:
General:
* Chemical Symbol: Pt
* Atomic Number: 78
* Category (as an element): Transition Metal
* Group/ Period/ Block (in the Periodic Table): 10/ 6/ d
* Atomic Weight: 195.084 g.mol-1
* Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
Physical:
* Density (near room temperature): 21.45 g.cm-3
* Liquid Density (at melting point): 19.77 g.cm-3
* Melting Point: 1768.3°C, 3214.9°F, 2041.4°K
* Boiling Point: 3825°C, 6917°F, 4098°K
23
29. * Heat of Fusion: 22.17 kJ.mol-1
* Heat of Vaporization: 469 kJ.mol-1
Atomic:
* Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2
* Electronegativity: 2.28 (Pauling scale)
* Atomic Radius: 139 picometre
* Covalent Radius: 136±5 picometre
* Van der Waals Radius: 175 picometre
* Ionization Energies: 870 kJ.mol-1 (first), 1791 kJ.mol-1 (second)
Platinum is known to occur as only three thousandth parts-per notation (0.003 ppm) in the
Earth's crust. This makes it an extremely rare metal.
Compared to gold, platinum is more precious, although its price is considered more volatile.
One of the reasons for this is that its demand is driven by industrial uses or applications. For
example, its price tends to be double that of gold's when world economy is stable, but
significantly goes down in times of economic uncertainty.
Because it's wear-resistant and does not tarnish, platinum is highly valued by jewelers,
especially watchmakers. In 2008, its price went up to as high as 2,252 U.S. dollars per troy
ounce.
Being rare and, therefore, very precious, platinum has been made synonymous to things that
are considered "of the highest quality". We hear for instance of a platinum debit card holder
enjoying a wide range of privileges; or of a platinum award being handed out to a music
album that has sold over a million copies.
Platinum's rarity and preciousness has been so pronounced in fact as early as the Eighteenth
century, that then French King Louis XV even made a declaration making platinum "the only
metal fit for a king".
The Four Platinum Bullion Coins: A Brief Description Of Each
Bullion coins are coins made from precious metals. Their market values are determined by
their inherent precious metal contents. As such bullion coins are mainly kept as investments
or stores of value.
24
30. Most of the bullion coins available are made from silver or gold. A few also come in platinum
though, including the American Platinum Eagle, the Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf, the
Australian Platinum Koala, and the Manx Noble. Here's a quick rundown of each of these four
platinum bullion coins:
The American Platinum Eagle:
The American Platinum Eagle bullion coins were first minted and released in 1997 by the
United States Mint. They are offered in four varieties:
1. 1/10 ounce (oz.) coin - With a face value of USD10, 3.112 grams (g) in weight, 0.95
millimeters (mm) thick, and 16.5 mm in diameter.
2. 1/4 oz. coin - With a face value of USD25, 7.78 g in weight, 1.32 mm thick, and 22 mm in
diameter.
3. 1/2 oz. coin - With a face value of USD50, 15.56 g in weight, 1.75 mm thick, and 27 mm in
diameter.
4. 1 oz. coin - With a face value of USD100, 31.12 g in weight, 2.39 mm thick, and 32.7 mm in
diameter.
All coin varieties consist of 0.9995 fine platinum. One interesting feature of the American
Platinum Eagle coin is that its reverse design changes every year.
The Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf:
The Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf bullion coins were issued from 1988 until 2002 by the
Royal Canadian Mint (RCM). They were offered in four varieties: 1/10 oz. coin (with a face
value (FV) of CD5), 1/4 oz. coin (FV: CD10), 1/2 oz. coin (FV: CD20), and 1 oz. coin (FV:
CD50).
Two additional varieties, 1/20 oz. coin (FV: CD1) and 1/15 oz. coin (FV: CD2), were issued by
RCM, but only in 1994. In 2009, the 1 oz. coin was reintroduced. All coins, which have legal
tender status in Canada, consist of 0.9995 pure platinum.
The Australian Platinum Koala:
The Australian Platinum Koala bullion coins were first released in 1988 by the Perth Mint, the
oldest currently operating mint in Australia. The coin comes in 1 oz. variety, with a face value
of AD100. As with most other bullion coins, this value is much lower than the coin's bullion
value.
On the coin's obverse is a koala, in sunken relief (i.e., lowered from the coin's plane); on the
25
31. reverse is Queen Elizabeth II. The coin has legal tender status in Australia.
The Manx Noble:
The Manx Noble platinum bullion coins were minted from 1983 to 1989 by the Pobjoy Mint,
the leading private mint in Europe. The coins were offered in five varieties:
1. 1/20 oz. coin - With 1.555 g platinum content, 1.556 g in weight, and 13.9 mm in diameter.
2. 1/10 ounce coin - With 3.11 g platinum content, 3.112 g in weight, and 16.5 mm in diameter.
3. 1/4 ounce coin - With 7.776 g platinum content, 7.78 g in weight, and 22 mm in diameter.
4. 1/2 ounce coin - With 15.552 g platinum content, 15.6 g in weight, and 27 mm in diameter.
5. 1 ounce coin - With 31.103 g platinum content, 31.119 g in weight, and 32.7 mm in
diameter.
The coins have no currency value. Their value, rather, is equal to their respective platinum
contents. All coins consist of 0.9995 pure platinum.
On the coin's obverse is Queen Elizabeth II, along with these texts: "ISLE OF MAN" and
"ELIZABETH II". On the reverse are a Viking ship, the denomination, platinum content, and
the words "Platinum fine".
Palladium: Least Dense Of The Platinum Group Metals
Palladium is a rare precious metal characterized by its lustrous silvery-white appearance. It
was discovered by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston in London, England in 1803,
along with his discovery (together with Smithson Tennant, another English chemist) of the
other metals in the platinum group. The name "palladium" was coined by Wollaston from the
asteroid named "Pallas".
Of the different precious metals in the platinum group (which includes iridium, platinum,
osmium, rhodium, and ruthenium), palladium is known to be the least dense. It likewise has
the lowest melting point.
Palladium is utilized in many applications because of its unique properties, some of which are
provided below.
26
32. General:
• Chemical Symbol: Pd
• Atomic Number: 46
• Category (as an element): Transition Metal
• Group/ Period/ Block (in the Periodic Table): 10/ 5/ d
• Atomic Weight: 106.42 g.mol-1
• Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d10
Physical:
• Density (near room temperature): 12.023 g.cm-3
• Liquid Density (at melting point): 10.38 g.cm-3
• Melting Point: 1554.9°C, 2830.82°F, 1828.05°K
• Boiling Point: 2963°C, 5365°F, 3236°K
• Heat of Fusion: 16.74 kJ.mol-1
• Heat of Vaporization: 362 kJ.mol-1
Atomic:
• Oxidation States: 0, +1, +2, +4, +6
• Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling scale)
• Atomic Radius: 137 picometre
• Covalent Radius: 139±6 picometre
• Van der Waals Radius: 163 picometre
• Ionization Energies: 804.4 kJ.mol-1 (first), 1870 kJ.mol-1 (second), 3177 kJ.mol-1 (third)
27
33. Palladium is used in the following:
1. Catalytic converters;
2. Jewelry and watch making;
3. Dentistry and surgical instruments;
4. Aircraft spark plugs;
5. Electrical contacts;
6. Connector platings;
7. Manuscript illumination.
Since the late 1930s, palladium has been utilized as a precious metal in jewelry. Because of
its naturally white properties, palladium has been used as an alternative to white gold. Along
with silver and nickel, palladium is popularly used in making white gold alloys.
According to the British Geological Survey (BGS), the top four palladium-producing countries
in the world are Russia, South Africa, Canada, and the United States (in this order). Russia
produces at least half of the total amount of palladium produced in the world.
Commercially, palladium is produced from copper-nickel deposits in Siberia, South Africa, and
in Ontario in Canada. The precious metal is also found - alloyed with the other metals in the
platinum group as well as with gold - in Ethiopia, Australia, North and South America, and in
the Ural Mountains in Russia.
The Norilsk Nickel Mining and Metallurgical Company in northern Russia is the largest single
producer of palladium in the world. Significant amounts of mineable palladium are also found
in two other places: the Lac des Îles igneous complex in northwestern Ontario, Canada and
the Stillwater igneous complex in the state of Montana in the United States.
Such is the rarity and preciousness of palladium that many metric tons of ore have to be
processed to obtain just a troy ounce of the precious metal. The ISO currency codes of
palladium, as a commodity, are XPD and 964. Its price is approximately 150 U.S. dollars per
troy ounce.
Palladium And Platinum As Investment Commodities
Palladium and platinum are two of nine metallic chemical elements considered "precious" for
28
34. their rarity and high economic value. Like all the other precious metals, palladium and
platinum have various industrial uses. But apart from these, both are also regarded as
investment commodities.
Palladium as an investment commodity:
Palladium is valued at around US$415 per troy ounce. Actually, this is much lower than its
price of more than one thousand U.S. dollars per troy ounce in early 2001, when the
automobile industry placed a high demand for the precious metal for use as catalytic
converters.
As an investment commodity, palladium may be bought in forms of bullion coins or bars.
Palladium bullion coins are internationally recognized forms of currency and have the ISO
codes XPD and 964. The first known palladium coins to be issued were those of Sierra Leone
in 1966. The following year, Tonga started issuing theirs.
Other countries later began issuing their own palladium bullion coins, including Canada (with
its Big & Little Bear Constellations and the very popular Palladium Maple Leaf), Australia,
France, China, Portugal, and the former Soviet Union. The latter, in fact, is known to have
minted the most number of palladium coins in the world.
Because of low circulation of palladium coins, palladium as an investment commodity is not
as good as either silver or gold. Another reason for this is the relatively wider spread between
the metal's buying and selling prices.
Palladium is traded on the London Stock Exchange as an exchange-traded fund (ETF), under
the ticker symbol LSE: PHPD.
Platinum as an investment commodity:
As of January 2010, platinum is valued at around us$1,555 per troy ounce (a couple years
earlier, its price is about 48% higher than this - considered its peak price). Compared with
silver or gold, platinum tends to trade at a higher per-unit price because it is scarcer and has
lower mine output. The average mine production of platinum is 5 million troy ounces per year.
This is lower by about 77 million troy ounces when compared with the annual mine production
of gold, and even much lower - by about 547 million troy ounces - when compared with the
yearly silver mine production.
Platinum is traded on the London Stock Exchange (as ETF, under the ticker symbol LSE:
PHPT) and on the New York Mercantile Exchange. One way of investing in platinum is
through platinum ingots. Platinum ingots are first assayed and hallmarked before being sold
on commodity markets.
Another way of investing in platinum is through platinum coins. Platinum coins are
internationally recognized forms of currency and have the ISO code XPT. However, there are
29
35. only a few varieties of platinum coins minted, largely because of the cost of platinum and of
the difficulty in working with it.
Bullion coins minted from platinum include the Manx Noble (minted from 1983 to 1989), the
Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf (1988 to 1999), the Australian Platinum Koala (1988 to the
present), the Mexican Libertad (1989 only), and the American Platinum Eagle (1997 to the
present). The Chinese Platinum Panda were minted in three periods: from 1988 to 1990,
1993 to 1997, and lastly from 2002 to 2005.
Platinum accounts are offered by most banks in Switzerland. Here, platinum is treated like
any other foreign currency; that is, it can be bought or sold instantly. However, bank clients
are not entitled to ownership of the physical metal. Instead, they have a claim against their
banks for a specified quantity of the metal.
30
36. Which Should I Choose For My Investment?
There’s an age old debate about buying gold versus buying silver. Of course, both have their
benefits. The obvious difference is price. If you were to buy one or the other and store it
yourself, buying the same dollar amount in silver would require much more storage space
since you can buy approximately 63 times the cash equivalent in silver as you can in gold.
That means you need about 63 times the storage space for silver.
When you are investing in a precious metals IRA, the gold or silver is stored by the company.
This means you’d want to ensure the company you choose has top notch security, a heck of
an insurance policy, and… especially if you are going for a silver IRA, you would benefit much
more from a low flat storage fee rather than a sliding scale fee. These are all reasons why the
top choice was obvious.
Growth Of A Gold IRA (2001 - 2013)
Growth Of A Silver IRA (2001 – 2013)
31
37. ⋆ The Secrets To Investing In Gold ⋆
Countries and governments are buying gold. On top of this, the world's top wealth holders are
also investing in gold.
⋆What Is The Insider Secret?
Gold has been a successful unit of currency for over 6,000 years. Since then, its purchasing
power has maintained the about the same. For example, if you bought a horse now, it would
cost the same as it would have 6,000 years ago... that is... if you had bought it with gold.
Gold and silver are limited resources. Not only are they precious metals to which people are
drawn for their use in jewelry and other expressions of opulence, they are heavily used and
often required in industrial processes and the production of goods. For example, did you know
that the catalytic converter in your car necessitates platinum in order to filter out pollutants
from your car's exhaust in order for it to pass EPA required emissions tests and be allowed to
drive on the road? Nothing else works as well.
The circuitry in your mobile phone, as well as in the multi-billion-dollar communication
satellites that orbit Earth, need gold and silver because of their low electrical resistance (or
high electrical conductivity).
32
38. Resources like gold and silver (unlike diamonds and oil) are not produced by the Earth. Yes,
they are mined here, but the Earth does not create them.
They are either made by a rare kind of dying star and blasted across the galaxy in an intense
process called supernova nucleosynthesis or through the collision of neutron stars. Not every
supernova produces gold.
Generally, when a star starts producing heavier metals, it begins to die very quickly and dies
when it begins to make iron (never reaching gold production as it is an element much heavier
and further down the Periodic Table of Elements than iron).
The collision of two neutron stars is even more rare! It is extremely rare for new gold to be
created even in our entire universe, so don't expect any raining down from the sky anytime
soon.
This means precious metals truly are precious because we cannot just make more (unlike
diamonds again), and we cannot rely on the Earth to produce more over time. We will run out
eventually.
We will run out of petroleum eventually because of the increasing rate of our consumption,
but at least the Earth does produce more of it.
We just consume it to fast. On the contrary, the only way we can have more gold on Earth
than it currently contains is if we receive it from an outside source. For example, if we are
struck by a gold-rich asteroid.
This is not impossible, but ask yourself, when do you see that happening?
This powerful yet simple piece of knowledge is what drives billionaires as well as
average investors add gold to their long-term portfolio and are taking advantage of the
IRS-approved gold IRA rollover in order to:
• Continue the tax benefits they receive from traditional retirement accounts (Roth IRA,
401(k), 403(b), etc)
• Be able to make annual contributions just like traditional retirement accounts
• Move away from the instability of the fickle stock market and other financial markets
(mutual funds, bonds, etc)
• Become independent of the dying US dollar and hedge against inevitable inflation
• Avoid the calamity of hyperinflation
• Leave a tangible legacy that will maintain its worth (as it has for over 6,000 years)
• Benefit from secure and insured risk-free storage
• Be able to liquidate their assets into paper currency sell any or all gold back at anytime
at spot price with the “buyback at spot price guarantee”
• Avoid spending money that is needed on a day to day basis on precious metals
33
39. • Leverage the continued growth of gold as there no longer is a Gold Standard backing
our dollar (gold was less than $100 per ounce in 1971 – the year the Gold Standard
was abandoned)
• Buy at the lowest price for the period
CLICK HERE TO GET STARTED
(we use this company because of their sterling reputation and award-winning customer service)
34
40. The Power Of The Gold IRA Rollover
Before we explain how you can make it work for you, let’s talk about why it works.
If you would have invested $33,000 in 2001, the table below depicts how much the account
would have grown in only 13 years (including all fees if having used this company):
2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 Growth Factor
$33,000.00 $35,211.00 $71,443.12 $159,3779.29 $175,155.64 530.77%
What Is A Gold IRA?
First let’s clarify what a traditional IRA entails. IRA stands for
Individual Retirement Account and is not typically associated with
an employer (apart from an SEP) as opposed to other forms of
retirement accounts. Other forms of retirement accounts commonly
also receive contributions from the employer or are designed for
the self-employed.
35
41. An IRA generally requires investing in funds such as:
• Stocks
• Bonds
• Mutual funds
• And other financial markets
However, the US government now allows retirement accounts to be held in physical assets
such as precious metals (as opposed to the fickle financial markets).
Why Choose Gold For Your IRA?
Did you know that you can buy approximately the same amount of basic necessities with one
ounce of gold today as the ancient Egyptians could 6000 years ago?
• April 5th, 1933 – In Executive Order 6102, President Franklin D. Roosevelt buys all (but a
small amount) of gold bullion and gold coins and pays $20.67 per Troy Ounce (worth over
$372.75 today = 1803.34% inflation of the US dollar). FDR forbids hoarding of gold with
penalties of fines up to $10,000 and/or 10 years in imprisonment. Why?
• August 15th, 1971 – President Nixon moves away from the gold standard and the US
dollar is no longer backed by physical assets. Again… why?
Okay… you’re not here for rhetoric and… Honestly we’re not here to sell you on the idea of
investing in precious metals or how to optimize your retirement portfolio.
Chances are you’ve already made the gradual but educated decision to invest in hard assets.
So one question remains, how can you leverage such a significant change into the best
possible outcome for your future and the security of your family?
36
42. With the continuous devaluation of the dollar, more and more people are making the smart
decision to secure a major portion of their assets in something that has made the world go
’round for over 6000 years.
However, a smart decision can still have a detrimental outcome without the proper
knowledge. That is why it is recommended you get your free gold IRA investors kit.
CLICK HERE TO GET YOUR FREE GOLD IRA INVESTORS KIT
37
43. How It Works
The following are the steps in order of the average process to the best of our
recommendation. Please note that individual processes may vary based on specific
circumstances (for example, sometimes a custodian will reject a transfer request because of
very minute and simple inaccuracies in provided documentation or filling out the application
which causes delays and redundancies on the applicant’s behalf). Providing accurate and
complete information promptly from the start will help expedite the rollover process.
The first few steps that require major decisions on your behalf should not be taken lightly.
1. Research and understand the differences between investing in gold vs silver for retirement
as different storage fees may apply
2. Decide which or how much of your retirement account(s) you want to rollover
3. Know the pros and cons of investing in bullion vs numismatic (collectible) coins as the IRS
has strict laws about what is specifically allowed in a retirement account
4. Review and choose a reputable company to handle your rollover
5. Request their free investing kit to learn about their investment options (there is usually a
$10K minimum investment requirement for gold or silver IRAs but can be waived)
6. Speak to a representative by phone. Ask for a signed copy of their Terms and Conditions
and fees disclosure
7. For a quick and hassle-free process, choose the option for e-Signing and virtual paperwork
8. Have the representative help you fill out the application for a self-directed IRA and partner
up with a trustworthy custodian
9. When choosing a silver or gold IRA custodian, be sure they: are FDIC ensured, are
licensed, meet IRS requirements, are experienced with precious metals, disclose any and all
fees. Experienced investors may chose a custodian directly, but in most cases a reputable
company will take care of this and present your situation to the best and most trusted
custodians that deal with precious metals
10. Again, be sure you are choosing assets that are legal in a retirement account (numerous
gold/silver coins are not allowed by the IRS)
11. Be sure the transfer or rollover of your selected retirement funds will be tax-free and not
subject to penalties
12. Have the representative review and submit the application to the chosen custodian
(ensure all details are accurate: account numbers, contact info, etc)
13. Custodian will reject or accept the transfer (rollover) request. If necessary, make
requested corrections and re-submit
38
44. 14. Once the gold IRA custodian has accepted the rollover application, the gold IRA custodian
will initiate the transfer of funds and purchase the chosen precious metals on your behalf
using the retirement account funds you have provided (through a wire transfer)
15. When the funds have been received, you will receive the invoice and the precious metals
will be shipped
16. Once the precious metals shipment is received, the precious metals will be securely
stored and the rollover process is complete
17. You and the custodian will receive receipts for the IRA purchase
18. If using our recommended company, you will be able to sell back any or all of your
precious metals when you desire with the “buyback at spot price guarantee”
Have A Gold IRA Account Professional Set It Up For You (US Only)
Risk-Free With Zero Obligation
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45. UK Investors
If you live in the UK, get your free investors kit here:
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46. Conclusion
The vast majority of precious metals investment experts and billionaires, such as Peter Schiff, Seth
Klarman, George Soros, John Paulson, David Einhorn, Jim Rogers, and many many others all predict
the price of gold per ounce to hit extreme record highs of $5,000 per ounce within the next few years.
The price of gold only continues to rise as the value of the dollar continues to fall. When is the right
time to invest in a gold IRA?
The answer is: years and years ago... obviously. However, speaking realistically, it was not yet
available back then.
The gold IRA has recently become an option for investors that is fully approved by the IRS and has
many tax benefits.
Therefore, the time to invest in a gold IRA is of course... RIGHT NOW!
YES! I WANT TO INVEST IN THE GROWTH & SECURITY OF A GOLD IRA!
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