This document discusses burns, including the different types, causes, risk factors, assessment, management, and nursing care. It covers the key stages in burn management: resuscitation, acute, and rehabilitative phases. The resuscitation phase focuses on airway, breathing, and fluid resuscitation. The acute phase prevents infection and provides wound care and metabolic support. Later stages maximize function and independence through exercises, splinting, and emotional support. Nursing management includes infection prevention, wound care, administration of topical medications, and health education to prevent future burns.

2. Case Presentation On BURN
Presented by: Prafull Rajendra Gulankwar,
GNM 2nd year Aug 2019 Batch,
College Of Nursing, Chandrapur.

3. ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY

8. Functions Of The Skin
• Protection
• Thermo Regulation
• Cutaneous Secretion
• Absorption
• Formation of Vitamin D
• Excretion

9. DISEASE CONDITION

10. BURN
•Injuries that results from direct Contact
with or exposure to any thermal,
chemical, electrical or radiation source
are termed as burn.

11. TYPES OF BURN
•Thermal Burn
•Chemical Burn
•Electrical Burn
•Radiation Burn
•Inhalation Burn

12. ETIOLOGY
• Usually caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, and
friction
• Thermal burns are caused by steam, fire, hot, objects or hot
liquids. Most common burns for children and the elderly.
• Electrical burns are the result of direct contact with electricity or
lightning.
• Chemical burns are occur when the skin comes in contact with
household or industrial chemicals.
• Radiation burns are caused by over-exposure to the sun, tanning
booths, sun lamp, X-ray or radiation from cancer treatments.
• Friction burns occurs when skin rubs against a hard surface, e.g.

13. RISK FACTORS
• Careless smoking: Cigarettes are the leading cause of house fires.
• Absent or non-functioning smoke detectors: The presence of a functioning
smoke detector decreases risk of death by fire by 60 percent
• Use of wood stoves
• Exposed heating sources or electrical cords.
• Unsafe storage of flammable or caustic materials.
• Water heaters set above 120⁰ f.
• Microwave heated foods and containers.
• Substandard or older housing
• Substance abuse: Use of alcohol and illegal drugs increases risk.

14. INVESTIGATION
• HISTORY COLLECTION
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• CBC
• WOUND SWAB CULTURE
• X-MATCH
• KFT
• LFT
• TISSUE HISTOPATHOLOGY

15. • X-RAY
• STAGGING
STAGE ONE: COLONIZATION
SUPERFICIAL, PENETRATING, PROLIFERATIVE
STAGE TWO: INVASION
MICRO INVASION, DEEP INVASION, MICROVASCULAR
INVOLVEMENT

16. COMPLICATIONS
• DEHYDRATION AND HYPOVOLEMIA
• SHOCK
• HYPOTHERMIA
• INFECTION
• BLOOD CLOTS
• RENAL FAILURE
• CONTRACTURS

17. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• DIRECT INJURY TO SKIN
• FLUID SHIFTS
• PULMONARY SYSTEM
• MYOCARDIAL DEPRESSION
• ALTERED SKIN INTEGRITY
• IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
• PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSE

18. MANAGEMENT

19. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
The treatment is related to the severity of burn…
Severity of burn is determined by
Burn depth
Burn size (percentage of TBSA burner)
- The rule of nine
- The palm method
- Age specific burn diagram or chart
Burn location
Age of burn victims
General health of burn victims
Mechanism of injuries

20. THERULEOFNINE

21. PalmMethod
• Small or patchy burns are can be approximated by using the
surface of the patient’s PALM
• The palm of the patient’s hand excluding the fingers, is
approximately 0.5 percent of total body surface are and the
entire palmer surface including fingers is 1 percent in children
and adults.

22. MANAGEMENT OF MINOR BURNS
• Wound Assessment
• Initial care of wound
• Tetanus immunization
• Pain management
• Health education.
Usually less than 15%of TBSA is generally considered a minor
burn in an adult younger than 40yrs or 10 % in clients older than 40
yrs.

23. MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR BURNS
• A- Airway with cervical spine control
• B- Breathing
• C- Circulation
• D- Neurological Disability
• E- Exposure to environmental control
• F- Fluid resuscitation

24. PHAGES OF BURN MANAGEMENT
RESUSCITATION BURN/EMERGENCY PHASE
~This phase begins with initial injury and ends 36 to 48 hours later
whe fluid resuscitation is complete.
~During this phase, airway and breathing are of paramount concern
as in hypovolemia. The burn itself except for assessment of severity
and depth is of less consern.
- Burn depth
- Burn size
- Rule of nine

26. - Age: Death rates are higher for children younger than 4yrs and
client older than 65yrs.
- General health: Debilitating cardiac, pulmonary, endocrine and
renal disease can influence the client response to injury. Alcoholic
client have more complications and long hospital stages.

27. ACUTE PHASE
This phase begins when the client is hemodynamically stable.
Capillary integrity restored, and diuresis has begun approximately
48 to 72 hours post injury and continues untill wound closure is
achieved.
• PREVENT INFECTION
• PROVIDE METABOLIC SUPPORT
• PROVIDE WOUND CARE
• TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT.

28. Maximize function
- splinting
- Positioning
- Exercise
- Ambulation
- Pressure therapy
- performance of ADL

29. REHABILITATIVE PHASE
Begins with wound closure and exist from the time of discharge and
beyond
-Provide client with
~refferals to outpatient services
~Imformation about national survivors organization
~Information on local community resources
~Names and phone numbers of burn clinic and rehabilitation staff.
~local vocational rehabilitation programs.
-pain and anxiety control
-emotional support
-independace

30. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
1. Analgesic
2. Benzidizepines
3. Antihistamine
4. Intravenous fluids
5. Antibiotic
6. Erythropoietin
7. Calcium gluconate
8. Fresh frozen plasma
9. TPN (Total parenteral nutrition)

31. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
1. Debridement
2. Skin grafting
3. Dermabrasion
4. Plastic surgery
5. Amputation
6. Reconstructive surgery

32. NURSING MANAGEMENT
1. Infection prevention
2. Wound cleansing
3. Administration of topical antibacterial drugs like
• Silver sulfadiazine 1%(silvadene)
• Water soluble cream
• Silver nitrate 0.5% aqueous solution
• Mafenide acetate 5% to 10% (sulfamylon) hydrophilic based cream
• Acticoat, etc.

33. PREVENTIVE MANAGEMENT
• Kitchen burn safety
• Bathroom burn safety
• Electrical burn safety
• Chemical burn safety
• Firecrackers burn safety
• Vehicular burn safety
• Lightening burn safety
• Infant burn safety

34. NURSING CARE PLAN

35. HEALTH EDUCATION

37. BIBLIOGRAPHY

38. THANK YOU