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- 1. River and Marine Pollution Diyorbek,Nilufar,Komron Mirzo and Sardorbek
- 2. Introduction: โ Causes โ Effects โ National and global relevance โ Solutions
- 5. All cruise ships generate the following types of waste: โ "Gray water" from sinks, showers, laundries and galleys โ Sewage or "black water" from toilets โ Oily bilge water โ Hazardous wastes (including perchloroethylene from dry cleaning, photo-processing wastes, paint waste, solvents, print shop wastes, fluorescent light bulbs, and batteries) โ Solid wastes (plastic, paper, wood, cardboard, food waste, cans, and glass) โ Air pollution from the ship's diesel engines, especially those using heavy fuel oil (high sulfur content) โ Polluted discharge containing fuel, lubricants and chemical additives from sulfur oxide scrubber wash water effluent (when used, see regulations section below for details)
- 6. Agriculture
- 8. 1)Large-scale use of chemicals for cotton cultivation Cotton is a heavily sprayed crop. This ruins the soil and deprive it of the natural replenishment of nutrients. Runoff pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals result in massive water pollution.
- 9. 1)Large-scale use of chemicals for cotton cultivation Soluble pesticides were carried away by water molecules especially during the precipitation event by percolating downward into the soil layers and eventually reach surface waters and groundwater. Consequently, it degrades water quality and reduces the supply of clean water for potable water.
- 10. 2) Inefficient irrigation systems Surface and ground waters are often diverted to irrigate cotton fields, leading to freshwater loss through evaporation, and inefficient water management.
- 11. 2) An example of efficient irrigation system
- 12. 3) Poor drainage systems Poorly maintained drains would cause flooding, which causes enormous damages in the agricultural land and the irrigation network. Excess water on farms, in turn, results in the leaching of essential minerals and the pollution of rivers.
- 13. River pollution and Marine Dumping Global relevance: -Rise in the the rate of starvation and diseases -Destruction of biodiversity National relevance: -Bad effects on food chain -Bad effects on animals
- 15. Bad effects on food chain
- 17. GLOBAL HUNGER
- 20. Ocean and river Biodiversity
- 23. How to change consumption behaviour? 1)Make it relatable 2)Make it desirable 3)Make it contextual 4)Make it easy
- 25. Convincing Others To Care About The Environment *Start with people you know *Create an online group *Organise a gardening club *Do school tours *Create a video *Organize meeting
- 27. Business agricultural activities impact upon water... โฆthrough industrial and agricultural withdrawal Seventy per cent of freshwater withdrawn annually for human use is for agricultural irrigation and 15 to 35 percent of this withdrawal is estimated to exceed supply. The misuse of surface and ground water displaces water flows and disrupts cycles. Water is embedded within products that are transported across the globe from areas of varying water availability; business can therefore contribute to local water scarcity. Overexploitation of water resources can decrease long term capacity and force operations to be displaced to more secure water areas. Misuse of surface and ground water sources may also spawn tensions between users and cause reputational damage as well as fuel questions around regulations and licences to operate.
- 28. Business agricultural activities impact upon water... โฆthrough pollution of waterways Pollution can occur as a result of businesses discharging substances into surface waters or groundwater without prior treatment. It can also occur inadvertently through chemical spills or leaks, trade effluent, silt accumulation or agrochemical runoff. It is often an offence to pollute waterways as this disturbs aquatic ecosystems and decreases water quality for other users as well as for future business needs. Polluting waterways can lead to reputational controversy, infringement of local legislation and increased water treatment costs.
- 29. Business agricultural activities impact upon water... โฆthrough land use and infrastructure changes While the distribution of water around the world is uneven, business activities and practices have further altered the distribution of water through land use and infrastructure changes. The removal of vegetation and deforestation for the expansion of business operations alters plant stem water flow, infiltration rate and evapotranspiration processes within local environments. Damming and irrigation also displace water and alter natural processes within aquatic ecosystems. Modifying hydrological cycles can, at a global level, lead to increased extreme weather events like storms and droughts. At a local level, changing water flows can affect water availability and quality. This can have implications on input costs as water may need to be treated or diverted before use.
- 30. The Pasig River in the Philippines suffers from a high level of water pollution and efforts are being made to rehabilitate it. The river takes its name from the city of Pasig, which is named after the Tagalog word pasig, meaning "a river that flows into the sea" or "the sandy bank of a river", with the former in reference to the Pasig River's flow from the Laguna de Bay towards Manila Bay and out into the South China Sea.
- 31. SOLUTIONS 1)Responsible use of fertilizer and pesticides 2)Discourage firms from disposing their trash in rivers, lakes or oceans 3)Replace fossil fuels by renewable energies 4)Minimize stormwater runoff 5)Reduce meat consumption 6)Support other countries to improve their technologies 7)Convince people 8)Change our consumption behaviour