The document discusses infection control measures, highlighting the importance of definitions, principles, and specific methods, such as medical and surgical asepsis, to prevent infections in healthcare settings. It also outlines various infection types, management practices, and the need for continuous education and policies to combat healthcare-associated infections. Additional sections detail the structure and roles of infection control teams and research priorities in infection prevention.

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2. HI, I AM A SPECIAL ONE, YOU MIGHT HAVE HEARD OF ME BY NOW
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CATCH THE WEAK, AND VULNERABLE PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC DISEASE MAKE MY JOB EASIER
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I RIDE THROUGH DROPLETS
THEN I MAKE YOU SNEEZE AND COUGH. THUS I TRAVEL AND MULTIPLY AND I HAVE A BIG EGO
AM AFRAID OF SOAPS AND SANITIZERS BECAUUSE SOAP MOLECULES WILL PENETRATE MY OILY
LIPID MEMBRANE LAYER AND DISMEMBER ME
WHEN YOU EAT A UNCOVERED FOOD AND NOT MAINTAIN STERILITY THAT TIME I AM SO HAPPY.
SO, TELL ME WHO AM I?
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4. At the end of the session the students will be able to-
 Define infection and infection control
 State the basic of infection control
 Enlist the principle of infection control
 Classify the types of infection
 Illustrate the chain of infection
 Describe medical and surgical asepsis
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5.  Enlisted the steps of prevention of cross infection
 Discuss the hospital waste management
 Follow the policy related to infection control
 Explain the hospital infection control programme
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7. The invasion and
growth of germs in the
body. The germs may
be bacteria, viruses,
yeast, fungi, or other
microorganisms.
01 02 03
A nosocomial
infection is contracted
because of
an infection or toxin that
exists in a certain
location, such as a
hospital.
An agent that
destroy
microorganism
TERMINOLOGIES
Infection Nosocominal Germicide
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8. FUMIGATION ISOLATION
Fumigation is a method
of pest control/ removal of
harmful micro-organisms
that completely fills an area
with gaseous pesticides
or fumigants to suffocate or
poison the pests within.
The complete separation
from others of a person
suffering from contagious or
infectious disease.
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9. An infection is the entry and
multiplication of an infectious
agent in the tissues of the
host. Infectious agent may be
bacteria, viruses, fungus,
spirochete or other
microorganisms capable of
producing infection under
favourable circumstances of
host, and the environment.
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10. 02
02
03
01 Prevention of
Nosocomial
To practice
good asepsis
Hospital policies &
procedures
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11. PRINCIPLES OF
INFECTION
CONTROL
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12. 1.
2.
• Primary and secondary infection
• Local and systemic infection
3.
4.
• Acute infection
• chronic infection
5.
6.
• Nosocomial infection
• Iatrogenic infection
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16. • Rapid and accurate identification of organisms
• Control or elimination of infectious agents
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17. Measures to control/eliminate
reservoir for Infection-
 Employee health
 Environmental cleaning
 Handling of linen
 Visitors control
 Pest control
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18. Aseptic precautions
Use PPE
Careful handling of
waste
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19.  Airborne/Droplet precautions
 Contact precautions
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20.  Maintain integrity of skin and mucus
membranes.
 Proper positioning of tubing
 Personal hygiene
 Dispose of contaminated syringes and
needles properly
 Care should be taken while collecting
and handling specimen.
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21. Protecting normal defense
mechanisms
 Oral hygiene
 Adequate intake
Maintaining healing
processes
 Well-balanced diet
 Institution of measures to
improve appetite
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22. MEDICALSURGICALASEPSIS
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23. Medical asepsis also known as
“clean technique” is aimed at
controlling the number of
microorganisms. Medical asepsis is
used for all clinical patient care
activities.
MEDICAL
ASEPSIS
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24. Perform
hand hygiene
Use of personal
protective equipment
Clean and disinfect
shared patient
equipment Clean and disinfect
the environment
Principles of Medical Asepsis
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25. Surgical asepsis also ,known as “sterile
technique” is aimed at removing all
microorganisms. Surgical asepsis is used
for all surgical/sterile procedures.
SURGICAL ASEPSIS
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26. Principles of surgical
asepsis
•The patient should not be the source of contamination
•The operating room (OR) team should not be the source of
contamination
•The surgical scrub should be done meticulously
•The OR technique of the surgeon is very important
•Recognize potential environmental contamination
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27. DISINFECTION STERILIZATION
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28. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the
printing and typesetting industry.
2
3
4
5
CLEANING
HAND
WASHING
CAPING AND MASKING
GOWNING AND GLOVING
BAGGING
TYPES OF ASEPTIC PRACTICES
1
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29. FUMIGATION ISOLATION
HANDWASHING
BARRIER
PROTECTION
PREVENTION
OF CROSS
INFECTION
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30. 1. FUMIGATION
Fumigation is a method
of pest control/ removal
of harmful micro-
oganisms that completely
fills an area with gaseous
pesticides or fumigants
to suffocate or poison the
pests within.
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32. 2. ISOLATION
Isolation technique is intended to
confine the microorganisms
within a given and organized
area.
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33. Wound and
skin
isolation
Enteric
isolation
Respiratory
isolation
Blood
isolation
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34. BARRIER
PROTECTION
Gloves
Mask
Apron
Eyewear
Footwear
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35. HAND
WASHING
Surgical
hand dis-
infection
Social hand
washing
Hygiene
&
disinfection
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36.  Hospital waste is “Any waste which is generated in the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in
research” in a hospital. This is also called ‘Bio-Medical Waste’
(BMW).
 Hospital Waste Management means the management of waste
produced by hospitals using such techniques that will help to check
the spread of diseases through.
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40. The main aim of the hospital infection programme is to lower the risk
of an infection during the period of hospitalization.
Aspects
 Development of an effective surveillance system to know the risk of
nosocomial infection.
 Development of policies and procedures to reduce risk of nosocomial
infection.
 Maintenance of continuing education programme from hospital
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41. Basic elements
 Providing a system of identification and reporting of infections and
providing a system for keeping records of infection.
 Providing for good hospital hygiene, aseptic technique and
sterilization and disinfection practices.
 Providing for co-ordination with all departments and medical/ nursing
audit committee in quality assurance.
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42.  Infection control team (ICT)
 Infection control committee (ICC)
 Infection control Officer (ICO)
 Infection control Doctor (ICD)
 Infection control Nurse (ICN)
 Infection control Manual (ICM)
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43. Infection control
team (ICT)
CHAIRPER-
SON
COORDINATOR
SURVIELLENT
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44. FUNCTION OF ICT
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46. Infection control officer (ICO)
The infection control officer
is usually a medical
microbiologist or any other
physician with an interest
in hospital associated
infections.
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47.  The ICD must be a registered medical practitioner
 In the other majority of countries, the role is performed either
by a medical microbiologist or hospital epidemiologist.
 One ICD is required for 1,000 beds.
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48.  The day –to-day activities
of surveillance can be best
handled by a sufficiently
senior & experienced full-
time nurse, with special
training in hospital
infection control activities.
 1 ICN for every 250 beds.
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50.  It is recommended that each hospital develops its own
infection control manual based upon existing documents but
modified, for local circumstances and risks.
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51.  Practical methods for preventing nosocomial infection.
 Hand washing as often as possible use of alcoholic hand spray while
hand washing, removing jewellery before washing.
 Stethoscope: cleaning with an alcohol swab at least daily.
 Gloves: supplement rather than replace hand washing.
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52.  Intravenous catheter: thorough disinfection of skin before insertion
changing administration sets every 72 h.
 Gowning: routine use in neonatal units
 White coats: enforced use in clinical units
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56. Infection Control Link Nurse Program: An
interdisciplinary approach on targeting health care-
acquired infection
Published in-American journal of infection control, April 14 2020
Authors-Madhuri M, Sopirala et.al
Background: a successful interdisciplinary liaison program that effectively reduced health
care-acquired (HCA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a university
hospital setting.
methods: Staff nurses were trained to be liaisons (link nurses) to infection prevention (IP)
personnel with clearly defined goals assigned and with ongoing monthly education. HCA-
MRSA incidence per 1,000 patient-days (PD) was compared between-
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57. baseline and intervention period along with total and non-HCA-MRSA, HCA
and non-HCA-MRSA bacteremia, and hand soap/sanitizer usage.
• Hand hygiene compliance was assessed. The study results showed that total
MRSA rate and MRSA bacteremia rate also showed significant reduction with
nonsignificant reductions in overall non-HCA-MRSA and non-HCA-MRSA
bacteremia.
• Hand soap/sanitizer usage and compliance with hand hygiene also increased
significantly during IP.
• The study concluded that Link nurse program effectively reduced HCA-
MRSA. Goal-defined metrics with ongoing reeducation for the nurses by IP
personnel helped drive these results.
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58. Infection prevention and control research priorities: what do we need to
combat healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance?
Results of a narrative literature review and survey analysis
 Published in- Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control
 Authors- Lacotte Y, Årdal C, Ploy MC.
Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is one of the most cost-effective
interventions against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Yet, IPC knowledge gaps often
receive little prominence in AMR research agendas. In this article, we construct IPC
research priorities, in order to draw attention to these critical research needs. Methods: We
developed a 4-step framework to identify IPC knowledge gaps from literature (narrative
review).
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59.  It also integrates the process with the organization to maintain and improve
the effectiveness of clinical services.
 It was evident that infection control measures and practices were not up to
the mark because of so many factors such as inadequate biomedical waste
management practices, inadequate practices in spill management,
inadequate practices in usage of sodium hypo chloride, recapping of the
needle and document regarding the needle stick injury and inadequate
practices on the hand washing before touching the patient.
 From the study concluded that there was an inadequate infection control
practice among the health care workers and also compliance percent.
Hence there is a need for continuous and mandatory training, surveillance,
infection control program.
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61. Does infection control link nurse
program is necessary for
infection control in hospital?
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