Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist born in 1874 who developed a methodology for experimentally studying animal learning and behavior. He is known for major theoretical concepts like connectionism, that learning is incremental rather than insightful, and that all mammals learn in the same manner. Before 1930, Thorndike proposed laws of readiness, exercise, and effect to describe the learning process. After 1930, he revised some of these laws and introduced additional concepts like belongingness and spread of effect. Thorndike believed educational practices should be scientifically studied and improved based on discoveries about learning.

1. EDWARD LEE THORNDIKE
Created by:
Mahmud hasan 11311004
Muh fatkhur rahman 113110
Aris lathifah 11311022
Nurul Miftakhul Jannah 11311008

2. Thorndike was born in
Williamsburg, Massachusetts, in
1874, and was the second son of a
Methodist minister.
His bibliography comprised 507
books, monographs, and journal
articles.

3. ANIMAL RESEARCH
BEFORE THORNDIKE

4. Thorndike developed a
methodology suitable not only
for experimental study of animal
learning but for much of animal
and human behavior as well.

5. MAJOR THEORETICAL CONCEPTS
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Connectionism
Selecting and Connecting
Learning Is Incremental, Not Insightful
Learning Is Not Mediated By Ideas
All Mammals Learn in the Same Manner

6. THORNDIKE BEFORE 1930
• The Law Of Readiness
• The Law of Exercise
• The Law of Effect

7. SECONDARY CONCEPTS BEFORE
1930
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Multiple Response
Set or Attitude
Prepotency of Elements
Response by Analogy
Associative shifting

8. THORNDIKE AFTER 1930
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Revised Law of Exercise
Revised law of effect
Belongingness
Spread of Effect

9. SCIENCE AND HUMAN
VALUES
Thorndike was a very colorful person who
expressed opinions on a wide variety of topics.
His thoughts on the learning process and his
views concerning the relationship between the
learning process and educational practices.

10. THORNDIKE ON EDUCATION
Thorndike believed that educational
practices should be studied
scientifically.
as more was discovered about the
nature of learning more could be
applied to improve teaching
practices.

11. EVALUATION OF THORNDIKE
THEORY
• Contributions
• Criticisms

13. The learning situation must
be made to resemble the real
world as much as possible.