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This document discusses verification of railway interlocking systems through formal modeling and analysis. It presents an automated process to (1) generate a formal model of the interlocking application data from the track layout description, (2) formally specify safety properties to verify, and (3) use a model checker to verify that the model satisfies the properties. The approach was tested on a case study of the Namêche station, verifying its routes and invariants successfully and faster through customized algorithms. Future work aims to scale the approach to larger stations and model real-time data exchange and train movement authorities.
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CBTC World Congress paper on creating safe CBTC system without secondary dete...
poster_Limbree_Ch
- 1. Université catholique de Louvain – Secteur des sciences et technologies – Technologie de l’information et de la communication, électronique et mathématiques appliquées (ICTEAM) – Pôle d’ingénierie informatique (INGI) - 2, Place Sainte-Barbe B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgique) Verification of Railway Interlocking Christophe Limbrée, Quentin Cappart, Simon Busard ICTEAM Young Researchers’ Day 2015 Domaine du Chateau de Modave 1. Railway interlocking In railway signalling, an interlocking is an arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings. The signalling appliances and tracks are sometimes collectively referred to as an interlocking plant. An interlocking is designed so that it is impossible to display a signal to proceed unless the route to be used is proven safe (def. wikipedia). 2. Problems The safety achieved by the interlocking rely on: a. A generic software. b. A set of application data reflecting the track-layout of each station. The verification and validation of the later is performed manually which is: Not exhaustive and error prone. Time consuming. Fig 1: Station Labuissière – track-layout xsstart s IR l CGV s U l Points cmd RSU RSU CS ¬RSU tisp1tisp2tisp3 ¬RSU ?(cmd ^ I R f ^ points cf ) no cmd ?(status s ^ I R l ^ P cd ^ notON ^ TC c) waiting for RSU ?(all TC c) ?¬(all TC c) ?(1st TC o^ 1st K RC s) ?¬RSUcond. ?some magic train running ?(tips3^ all TC c) 3. Solutions a. Generate a model of the interlocking and its application data. b. Formalize the safety properties to be verified. c. Use a model checker to verify the model against the safety properties. d. Provide decorated traces in order to anlyse falsification. Fig 2: Route state machine 4. Process and tools NuSMV: input language for the model and verification tool for the safety properties. Translator: automatic generation of the application data into the NuSMV model. DSL: input of the station track-layout and generation of the train simulation into the model. PyNuSMV: enhancement of the verification algorithms for CTL formulas, and generation of the compatibility route table. Fig 3: verification process 5. Safety properties a. Train collisions never happen. b. Trains never derail. c. Movement authorization conditions. Expressed by: a. CTL formulas (e.g. CTLSPEC AG (train.position = TC1 & P1.posi = cdr -> AX P1.posi = cdr) b. State invariants (e.g. INVARSPEC ! (R_K_CX.st = s & R_CX_K.st = s)). 6. Results The model of Namêche station, including 14 routes was generated automatically. 132 invariants and 7 CTL formulas were expressed and verified successfuly. Customized algorithms in PyNuSMV to verify CTL formulas up to 10 times faster. 7. Future works Extension of the model and principle to the verification of larger stations by compositional verification (state space explosion problem). Modeling and verification of the real-time data exchange in a network of interlockings in large stations. Extension of the model to the ERTMS/ETCS sub-system for the verification of train Movement Authorities. Development of a graphical trace illustrator. Reference R. Cavada, A. Cimatti, C. A. Jochim, G. Keighren, E. Olivetti, M. Pistore, M. Roveri and A. Tchaltsev. NuSMV 2.5.4 User manual – Trento – Italy – 2010.