1) A gateway is used to control the divergence and convergence of process flows. There are several types of gateways such as exclusive, inclusive, parallel, and complex gateways. 2) Events trigger changes in a business process and include start, intermediate, and end events. Activities like tasks and sub-processes represent work. 3) Pools and lanes are used to show participants and categorize activities within a process. Artifacts provide additional information about a process.

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A Gateway is an important construct and is used
EVENTS ACTIVITIES G AT E WAYS
An event is something that “happens” during the The types of activities that are part of the Business Process Diagram
to control the divergence and convergence of
course of a business process. There are three are: Process, Sub-Process and Task.
process flows.
kinds of event related to flow execution.
SUB-PROCESS, TASK EXCLUSIVE
Start Intermediate End
DATA -BASED EVENT BASED
TASK
SUB-PROCESS
Catching Throwing
This is used where the type
The values of process data are ex-
A Task is a “lowest level” activity in a Process map. A Task is
A Sub-Process is a compound activity in a Process map. of event itself rather than
amined to determine which path
used when the work is not broken down to a finer level of de-
It can be broken down into a finer level of detail (a Proc-
Unmarked data evaluation determines
should be taken.
Unmarked events
tail.
ess) through a set of sub-activities. which route to take.
Timer
INCLUSIVE
Expanded sub-process: show all details Collapsed sub-process: hide his details
Timer events Task
• • •
Each branch will be evaluated and
Error Catching or throwing an
error will not stop when one branch condi-
Cancelled transactions or tion becomes true.
Cancel
triggering cancellation
COMPLEX
PARALLEL
Compensation Compensation handling or
triggering
ACTIVITY MARKERS Handle situations that are
Provide a mechanism to synchro-
Business conditions or
Conditional not easily handled through
nize parallel flow and to create par-
The compensation activity is spe-
Each task from sub-process can
Multiple instance of the
Activity is iterated if a
business rules cial in that it does not follow the
be executed arbitrarily until a
same activity are started
loop condition is true. the other types of Gateways.
allel flow.
normal rules, it is outside the nor-
completion condition is fulfilled.
in parallel or sequential.
Signal Signalling across different mal flow of the process.
processes
Catching or throwing one
Multiple
ARTIFACTS They are used for provide additional infor-
out of a set of events
mation about a process.
Link Off page connectors
Message Receiving and sending
DATA OBJECT, TEXT ANNOTATION, GROUP
messages
Terminate
Terminate the process
DATA OBJECT
Data Objects show what information is produced or required
These events affect the flow of the process and usually have a cause or an impact .
by an activity.
TEXT ANNOTATION
To show who is doing what and where,
SWIMLANES Text Annotations allow a process modeler to provide addi-
many process modeling methodolo-
tional information for the reader of a BPMN Diagram.
gies use the concept of swimlanes.
POOLS, LANES GROUP
Grouping can be used for documentation or analysis pur-
POOLS poses, but does not affect the Sequence Flow. Groups can
also be used to identify the activities of a distributed transac-
A Pool represents a Participant in a Process.
tion that is shown across Pools.
Pools are usually used when the diagram in-
volves two separate business entities or par-
ticipants.
CONNECTING OBJECTS
LANES
A Lane is a sub-partition within a Pool and
Standard Sequence flow Message flow
will extend the entire length of the Pool, ei-
ther vertically or horizontally. Lanes are
used to organize and categorize activities
within a Pool. Conditional Sequence flow
Association
Default Sequence flow
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