Portfolio and Artifacts

PORTFOLIO
CLASS SKILLS INVENTORY
CORE COURSES
COURSE SKILL LEARNED DESCRIPTION OF
SKILL USE
TABBED SKILL
AREA
ARTIFACT
NUTR 1000 Physiology application To understand basic
nutrition
fundamentals
Food Systems
NUTR 1100 Sustainability To know how to use
general food system
techniques
Food & Nutrition
NUTR 2000 Patient care Learned about
specific populations
and ages for better
focused care
Food & Nutrition
NUTR 2200 Food prep/handling Worked in food lab
to make and study
properties of food
Food & Nutrition
NUTR 2220 Food prep/handling Worked in food lab
to make and study
properties of food
Food & Nutrition
NUTR 2990 Organization Created legitimate
career documents
and professionally
organized them
Management
NUTR 3300
NUTR 3350
NUTR 3000 Physiology application Learned in depth
reactions of human
physiology related
to nutrition
Food & Nutrition
NUTR 3100 Presentation Examined case
studies and
presented on
multiple diseases
Medical Nutrition
Therapy
NUTR 3600 Client counseling Ability to speak with
understanding and
empathy toward
client nutrition-
oriented goals
Medical Nutrition
Therapy
NUTR 4901
NUTR 4100
NUTR 4000 Community nutrition Understanding
dynamics of group
Food & Nutrition

and community
food organizations
NUTR 4200
NUTR 4920
SCIENCE/ANALYSIS COURSES
SKILL USE
TABBED SKILL
AREA
ARTIFACT
BIOS 1030 Physiology application Learned general
non-nutrition
related anatomy
and physiology
information
Body systems
BIOS 1300
BIOS 1310
BIOS 2210 Laboratory safety Learned lab safety
concerning volatile
chemicals and living
organisms
Body systems
BIOS 2215
BIOS 2250
CHEM 1200
Collaboration
Worked with several
groups and partners
in class and lab to
complete
assignments
Chemical
propertiesCHEM 1210
CHEM 3010
CHEM 4890
MATH 1200 Basic math skills Learned algebra and
statistics and how
they are used in
health professions
Nutrition care
processPSY 2110

BUSINESS COURSES
SKILL USE
TABBED SKILL
AREA
ARTIFIACT
ACCT 1010
ACCT 1020
Business and
management
knowledge
Learned specifics
about owning a
business and
methods used in
managerial
positions
Management
MGT 2000
Management skills Learned about
managing in all
situations
Management
MGT 3300
ECON 1030
Reading/understanding
economic data
Used graphs to
demonstrate
properties of
economic activity
Management
SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSES
SKILL USE
TABBED SKILL
AREA
ARTIFACT
PSY 1010
Critical thinking Participated in
several outside
studies involving
solving problems
under stress
Counseling and
Education
ANTH 1010
FINE ARTS

GENERAL EDUCATION COURSES
SKILL USE
TABBED SKILL
AREA
ARTIFACT
ENGL 1510
Professional writing
and creativity
Researched and
wrote on several
medical topics and
scholarly journals
Communication &
Research
J COURSE
HLTH 2300
Medical terminology Understanding
jargon and common
language used in
medical professions
Communication &
Research
MINOR/CERTIFICTE COURSES
SKILL USE
TABBED SKILL
AREA
ARTIFACT

Annotated Bibliography
PICO: Are Hispanics with excessive caloric intake over a period of 10 years more likely to
develop diabetes mellitus when compared to other ethnicities (African-American, Caucasian,
ect.) with excessive caloric intake?
Chan, J. M., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1994). Obesity, Fat
Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men. Diabetes Care,
17(9), 961-969. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
This article explains the relationship between weight gain, distribution of body fat, all
forms of obesity and Type I Diabetes Mellitus. Questionnaires from 51,529 male health
care professionals, between ages 40 and 75, were filled out every 2 years, followed by a
5-year follow-up. These questionnaires included family history, anthropometric
measurements and personal information. The data from the follow-ups showed that 272
cases of Type 1 DM were reported among men who did not have a history of cancer, CHD
or diabetes. It was also found that a higher BMI was a good indicator in the development
of diabetes, with men below 23 having les risk than men with slightly below 35. Also, fat
distribution was shown to be a good indicator as well, with the top 5%. The top 20% was
shown to be positively related to a high waist circumference. The data pointed to BMI
being the best indicator for Type II DM, although waist circumference and total fat had

slightly high relative risks. The study was provided by Diabetes Care from the ADA, with
most of the resear hers ei g MD’s. The a ou t of parti ipa ts used allo ed for ore
accurate conclusions, which suggested that BMI and waist circumferences are strong
indicators of Type I DM. Since the the study was completed over 2 decades ago, the
accuracy can be questionable but the conclusions hold true to this day when compared to
current findings related to diabetes. The test of time is a great indicator of strong validity
and credibility.
Chukwueke, I., & Cordero-MacIntyre, Z. (2011). Overview of type 2 diabetes in Hispanic
Americans. Retrieved March 28, 2016, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3019531/
This article explains the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among the Hispanic community
in the United States. The study was done by researchers who collected a wide variety of
numerical, demographic and medical data from organizations like the World Health
Organization, the U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Disease Control, several diabetes
associations and other individual research. They found that the prevalence of diabetes
was disproportionate when compared to other ethnic groups in the U.S., especially the
Hispanic community. The main reasons for this were generally poor financial situations
which lead to poor food choices and excessive caloric intake with nutrient-deficient diets,
lack of information about these food choices and the disease itself, and lack of physical

exercise. It also examines all complications, financial burdens and methods of prevention
of the disease. This article was provided by the School of Public Health from Loma Linda
University in California. The majority of information used by the researchers originated
from several government organizations and the rest was from other original research
articles so the validity and credibility is very strong. The article aims to provide general
information about Hispanics and diabetes, and it succeeded in doing so. There were no
limitations in constructing this education piece.
Cruz, M. L., Bergman, R. N., & Goran, M. I. (2002). Unique Effect of Visceral Fat on Insulin
Sensitivity in Obese Hispanic Children With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes
Care, 25(9), 1631-1636. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
This article discusses how visceral fat on the human body affects the mechanisms of
insulin in Hispanic children that have a family history of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The
researchers used 32 volunteers between the ages of 8 and 13 of Hispanic descent.
Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the amount of abdominal fat each
child held, while dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to calculate all fat. After all
anthropometric measurements were taken, AIR and S(i) (acute insulin response and
insulin sensitivity) were used by IV and were frequently measured to obtain blood
values. It was found that both total and visceral fat mass were positively related and
independently correlated to fasting insulin, while all mean fasting glucose and insulin
levels were slightly above (MFG) and under (insulin) normal recommended values. The

researchers found that the collected data supported their hypothesis that high levels of
visceral/total fat indeed increase the risk for Type II DM. This study was also provided by
Diabetes Care from the ADA. Each researcher held a PhD, and the methodology of
acquiring 32 random Hispanic children with a mix of boys and girls made for a well-
mixed panel. Lab values and anthropometric measurements collected gave incredibly
accurate data which was used to support the theory that overall fat accumulation
increased the risk of Type II DM. The use of complex and accurate machines like the
DEXA scan and magnetic resonance imaging narrowed the margin or error greatly,
which makes for very solid and valid conclusions.
Lawrence, J. M., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Reynolds, K., Beyer, J., Pettitt, D. J., D'agostino, R. B., . . .
Hamman, R. F. (2009). Diabetes in Hispanic American Youth: Prevalence, incidence,
demographics, and clinical characteristics: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.
Diabetes Care, 32(Supplement_2). Retrieved March 28, 2016.
This article aims to describe the presence of Type I and II Diabetes Mellitus among
young people in the Hispanic community as well as clinical, demographic and behavioral
information in relation to the disease. The data used in the study was obtained as
des ri ed i the arti le fro “EARCH for Dia etes i Youth “tud , a populatio -based
multicenter observational study of youth aged 0–19 years with physician-diagnosed
diabetes, were used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of Type 1 and Type 2
dia etes La re e et al, 9 . Blood a d uri e tests, ph si al e a s a d sur e s

were used in the collection. The study found Type I DM more common than Type II and
no differences in gender. Out-of-range levels of LDL, triglycerides and AIC were common
a o g oth t pes i the outh. Of those ith T pe DM, % had BMI’s o er
(overweight) and 30 (obese). This article done by several researchers, also on behalf of
the American Diabetes Association, specifically Diabetes Care which is an archive of
medical journals done by ADA researchers and from other sources as well. The amount
of methods used to obtain information from participants as well as data gathered from
the SEARCH study made for very solid and sound data that could be used to formulate
accurate conclusions.
Mainous, A. G., Majeed, A., Koopman, R. J., Baker, R., Everett, C. J., Tilley, B. C., & Diaz, V. A.
(2006). Acculturation and Diabetes among Hispanics: Evidence from the 1999-2002
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Public Health Reports. Retrieved
March 28, 2016.
This article shows how the level of acculturation of Hispanics in the U.S. is related to the
high prevalence of diabetes among this particular group. The National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey gave researchers the data of all Hispanic-Americans over 18
years old, regarding glycemic BP, diabetes and its complications, lipid levels and diagnosis
of the disease itself. The study found that low amounts of acculturation leave many
Hispanics with no health insurance and limited education, inhibiting prevention of DM.

Those that were not very acculturated were shown to have higher levels of diabetes but
the difference was not significant. However, peripheral neuropathy was a very likely
complication among the low acculturated Hispanics. Even though Hispanics as a whole
were shown to be more prevalent in diabetes than most other ethnic groups, there were
differences in all aspects of the disease in individuals. The collected data came from the
NHANES, which represented the non-institutionalized U.S. population of Hispanic adults.
The magnitude of data provided from this survey gave a much more accurate depiction of
this particular demographic which allowed for better conclusions. Every researcher
involved either held a PhD or was an MD, which solidifies the credibility of this study, and
it was conducted only a decade ago. The conclusions showed that acculturation did not
play a significant role in the acquisition of diabetes among Hispanics, but rather
influenced individuals to a greater magnitude, which makes sense when compared to
other unrelated studies about diabetes.
Mcbean, A. M., Li, S., Gilbertson, D. T., & Collins, A. J. (2004). Differences in Diabetes
Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality Among the Elderly of Four Racial/Ethnic Groups:
Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Diabetes Care, 27(10), 2317-2324. Retrieved
March 28, 2016.
This article shows the differences between prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among
Caucasians, Asian, African and Hispanic-Americans. Researchers obtained a sample from

Medicare, specifically fee-for-service beneficiaries. The sample, which was five percent,
was composed of people 65 years and older. The study found that Asians had the greatest
starting prevalence and the greatest percent increase (55%), while mortality was greatest
among Caucasians. They concluded that these changes were due to a combination of true
increases and differing diagnoses/treatments of the disease. There was no significant
evidence to show that one ethnicity had more inclination towards DM than the others.
This study came from Diabetes Care from the ADA, inclining towards a more credible and
reliable source of gathered information. The 5% random sample of Medicare fee-for-free
service beneficiaries was slightly questionable due to the small size and the only groups
observed were 4 ethnicities rather than all other outliers, but the results were somewhat
expected and similar to other studies done in relation to the amount of Hispanics starting
and developing with DM. There are few doubts about the validity of the study, but it
provided conclusions that could also be used elsewhere, such as the efficiency of
treatment provided by Medicare.
Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Dietz, W. H., Vinicor, F., Bales, V. S., & Marks, J. S.
(2003). Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, and Obesity-Related Health Risk Factors, 2001.
Jama, 289(1). Retrieved March 28, 2016.
This article discusses all types of Diabetes Mellitus and the prevalence of them in the
United States. Data was collected by researchers as described in the article as a ra do -

digit telephone survey of 195,005 adults aged 18 years or older residing in all states
participating in the Beha ioral Risk Fa tor “ur eilla e “ ste i Mokdad et al,
2003). Questions included in these surveys aimed to collect height and weight so that BMI
could be calculated, and admitted diabetes. This data showed that the amount of people
with an obese BMI went up by 5.6% while diabetes went up by 8.2%. Percentages for
asth a, high BP, diag osed dia etes a d high holesterol all i reased as BMI’s of or
higher increased in correlation with diabetes. All of the increased support the correlation
between being overweight/obese and diabetes, across all ages and genders in the United
States as well as other risk factors. The article originated from JAMA, or Journal of
American Medical Association, done by multiple PhD and MD researchers. The method of
gathering data could have been more reliable than a telephone survey but that amount of
data can be difficult to acquire in person. The data still gave solid readings for values like
cholesterol and high blood pressure, and these showed positive correlations between
obesity and diabetes and also provided future projections of costs of treatment and
amount of people likely to develop diabetes in the future.
VIrginia, A. (2014, July 24). Diabetes Among Hispanics: All Are Not Equal. Retrieved March 28,
2016, from http://www.diabetes.org/newsroom/press-releases/2014/diabetes-among-
hispanics-all-are-not-equal.html
This article discusses the specific risk the Hispanic community has of developing Diabetes

Mellitus compared to other ethnic groups in the U.S. The author gathered numerous
research pieces and studies on behalf of the American Diabetes Association to distinguish
the prevalence of disease among ethnicities. It was found that many Hispanics have poor
glycemic index controls and were lacking in health insurance, which complicates disease
management and prevention. Also, many were found to be uneducated about DM, which
makes it much harder to prevent. This also leads to choosing foods high in sugar, fat and
empty calories along with low income, which inevitably leads to consistent weight gain
and complications that come along with such. Stressful jobs held among this demographic
also lead to physical inactivity, alcohol use, excessive caloric intake and poor health. This
article was not done by a researcher but instead was an author working for the ADA, so
the information given might not have been the most insightful but it was collected
straight from other listed research articles so much of the information was accurate. The
ADA is an accredited organization responsible for providing the best, most updated and
accurate information concerning the disease. They also provide journals done by
researchers of their own so the credibility and value goes undoubted.

STRESS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PERCEIVED STRESS AND NUTRITION/EXERCISE IN
COLLEGE STUDENTS
Luis Gonzalez
University of Cincinnati Blue Ash

Abstract
There is a great deal of things that can affect the amount of stress a college student perceives.
We e a i ed eha io patte s i i di iduals’ t pi al ut itio a d e e ise egi e s a d
compared that to levels of perceived stress with college students at the UC Blue Ash branch. A
comprehensive survey was created and distributed among anonymous participants where they
reported their levels of perceived stress and other information about health, finances,
commitments and so on. Relationships between the PSS scores and nutrition/exercise
separately yielded very weak correlations, but in the directions that were expected such as
higher exercise frequency and lower stress. Nutrition may have a much more indirect impact
than the immediate impact of exercise but neither were conclusive. Limitations and
implications for future research are explained in greater detail.
Keywords: nutrition, exercise, perceived stress scale (PSS), college students

Relationships between Perceived Stress and Nutrition/Exercise in College Students
Many studies have been done on the effectiveness of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) as
ell as the effe t of ut itio a d e e ise o a i di idual’s st ess le els. Although the e a e
e a diffe e t o t i uto s to spe ifi all a ollege stude t’s st ess, ut itio a d e e ise
are among some of the most changeable and dynamic. The purpose of this study was to
dete i e e a tl ho ut itio a d e e ise a affe t a ollege stude t’s st ess le els.
Research done by Çivitci et al (2015) determined how positive and negative affect
played a role in moderating perceived social support in college students as a means of coping
with a certain amount of given perceived stress. Using the PSS, Positive and Negative Affect
Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, they recruited a sample of over
400 students from a random college and had them complete the surveys/scales. They found
that the positive affect did not operate as a moderator between the two variables but the
negative affect did. Both affects had an inverse relationship with each other, with negative
increasing as positive decreased.
Before using the PSS, its effectiveness must be made sure of. A study done by Cohen,
Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) was done to test the reliability and validity of the PSS by
sampling two college groups and a group of participants that were currently in a smoking
cessation program. They found no significant differences in men and women as well as an
irrelevance of age, but found that the PSS was a better predictor of various outcomes than
stressful life event scores. The researchers believed that the PSS could be applicable to stress
management, diagnosis and treatment of other behavioral disorders, thus making it a simple
and effective way of measuring stress.

Another study by Eide (2013) was done to examine the impact of physical activity on
perceived stress, grades and work. Among the participants were a large sample of volunteers
from a 101 college psychology course. She found that those that reported high levels of physical
activity also reported very low amounts of stress than other participants that reported low
levels of physical activity. However, similar relationships did not exist between school and work.
These findings are significant when seeking methods of treatment and prevention of high stress
in all populations, not just college students.
Wilson-Salandy and Nies (2014) conducted a study that aimed to reveal how much of an
impact the diet of a college student can have on stress, alcohol use and relationships. 167
freshmen at a public university were assessed, using a survey that measured these variables at
2 different time periods. They found no relationship between nutrition and stress or alcohol
consumption, but they did find that students with high nutrition had better interpersonal
relationships with those who scored poorly.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between perceived stress
and nutrition/exercise as separate entities in college students. Existing research shows very
promising and positive results in relation to exercise and still little to validate the effectiveness
of nutrition as a measure of managing stress. We believe that both a combination of exercise
and nutrition would be more effective as general treatment and coping for high college stress
but separately, we also believe correlations may exist between both variables and perceived
stress. Conclusive data to this hypothesis would help bring to light the importance of
fundamental health management techniques and care in relation to general stress.

Method
Participants
For this study, a sample of 66 college students were used to represent the college
student population, requiring 3 surveys submitted per person in class. One of the three surveys
had the option to be from the students themselves. However, 20 of the surveys submitted were
not used for multiple reasons, such as incomplete and invalid surveys due to several being
obviously replicated by the submitting students. The participants were recruited using
convenience sampling since they could have been any University of Cincinnati or other
university student. There were 27 females, 18 males and another that identified as other. Of
these people, 6 were of African descent, 3 were of Asian descent, 4 identified as multiracial and
32 were Caucasian. In addition, 11 were dorm students and 34 were commuting students. Of
these people, 3 did not report percentages of daily food intake or exercise days/types of
exercise.
Materials
A survey was created by Professor Cummins-Sebree with help of the students in class to
make a comprehensive list of factors that can affect stress levels in college students. The first
section used a Pe ei ed “t ess “ ale, a gi g f o to ith ei g e e a d ei g e
ofte . The questions on the PSS are used universally in every case.
The next part of the survey asked about general health, such as questions about all drug
use, nutrition/exercise and sleep. Participants were asked to estimate in percentages the
different kinds of food eaten typically, like fast food, fruits and vegetables, meats and so on as
well as if they used supplements, caffeine or energy drinks. They were also asked to report how

many days they exercised and to check or list all different kinds of exercise they participated in.
Hours of sleep and a scale of 1 to 10, 1 being very unrestful and 10 being very restful, to
measure quality of sleep were used.
Kinds of commitments were evaluated next, such as time and care giving. Questions
asking for how many hours are generally spent during the school year with class, work, leisure,
etc. as well as amount of credit hours and if they are taking a summer class or not.
Academic performance was evaluated with questions asking for students to report their
GPAs for both college and high school as well as asking them to rate their performance at UC,
ranging from extremely displeased to extremely pleased.
The next part asked to rate social group activity on a scale of 0 to 5, 0 being not
applicable and 1 being strongly disagree to 5 being strongly agree.
Participants were then asked if they thought they were independent in terms of
finances as well as being asked to report the fraction of expenses they generally pay on their
own, such as rent, tuition, groceries, etc. General demographic information like gender, age,
marital status and if they commuted or lived on or near campus was collected at the final
section of the survey.
Procedure
After creating the survey in class, each student was assigned to find 3 university
students to fill out 3 surveys, with the option of the student administering them to fill out one
as well. Once all the surveys were submitted, the data was put onto an Excel spreadsheet by
the professor.

Our group picked nutrition and exercise in relation to perceived stress to elaborate on.
Out of all the evaluation done in the nutrition and exercise sections of the survey, we compared
the amount of fruits/vegetables and fast food eaten to reported levels of PS as well as
comparing the amount of days of exercise done to reported levels of PS through calculations on
Microsoft Excel.
Results
The PSS scores for the participants (M=24, SD=8.1) were compared to the percentage of
fruits and vegetables reported (M= 19.81%, SD=14.22) and processed foods (M=15.23%,
SD=13.67) as well as the number of exercise days reported (M=15.59, SD=8.72). There was a
weak negative correlation (r=-0.11) between PSS composite scores and fruit/vegetable
percentage as well as the number of exercise days (r=-0.04). However, there was a weak
positive correlation between the PSS scores and processed foods percentages (r=+0.11).
Discussion
The hope of this study was to find appropriate correlations between reported stress,
how students construct their diet and how much they exercise. This would mean variables that
can be easily altered would be significant in reducing and managing the large amount of stress
that comes with being in college. Getting students active and making better dietary choices
would be proven to reduce perceived stress in the average student. The results from this study
yielded all very weak correlations, but the direction of these correlations were both what we
hoped and expected. The negative correlation between physical activity and PSS scores (r=-.04)
was very minimal and below our expectations, but the mere negativity of it along with the fruits

and vegetable percentages (r=-0.11) shows that higher amounts of positive variables that
contribute to stress reduction are at least semi-valid. Since there was a weak positive
correlation between the percentage of processed foods and PSS scores (r=+0.11), this further
supports our hypothesis as an increase in foods that have adverse physiological effects may
also contribute to an increase in stress. In conjunction with all other factors that can contribute
to a ollege stude t’s st ess le els a d a high p o i e e of heap, p o essed foods o su ed
by this particular population, this is a variable that could very easily be altered or almost
diminished. Our expectations for physical activity were much higher than positive nutrition due
to the findings from Eide (2013) where significant negative correlations in exercise and
perceived stress levels sharply decreased over the span of the study. Table 4 (p.37) shows the
highest correlation was +.25, which is still weak but shows the level of impact as stress is a
volatile variable, especially when the results originate from self-reported surveys. The study
done by Wilson-Salandy, Nies (2014) yielded no major correlations or associations between
nutrition and stress, e si ila to ou fi di gs. Popula depi tio s of the F esh a i
reference to the sudden change in diet when starting out in college can very well lead to
decreases in self-confidence, athletic ability and general well-being. Proper nutrition may not
carry significant correlations to stress but it can have a large indirect impact if students neglect
it.
There were a handful of limitations to this class study. Firstly, the population of UC Blue
Ash is considered different in terms of population, with a mix of traditional and non-traditional
students with a wide range of ages and backgrounds. Many college campuses have a much
smaller age range and can exclude a great deal of populations, such as those in different

financial standings and different locations. Therefore, the lack of representation of this
population might not be as accurate as it could be. Another limitation we had was the lack of
honesty in some of the surveys submitted, as some were obviously duplicated with different
answers in the same handwriting which rendered them unusable. Some people may also be
hesitant to be completely honest on the surveys; some of the questions like asking them to
report how much of their expenses they pay for can yield prideful answers.
In terms of future research, surveys geared more toward exercise and nutrition should
be utilized to gather more appropriate and usable information for better interpretations. Asking
only for percentages, if the use dieta supple e ts a d f e ue of fast food a ’t e
considered a comprehensive nutritional assessment when used to compare to stress levels.
Type and frequency can be considered a general questionnaire for exercise, but a survey or
interview with more specific questions might be able to obtain more accurate results. Another
suggestion would be to expand areas of recruitment for participants, such as public and private
college campuses to more accurately represent the studied population. Using the convenience
of e-mail and incentives might also attract willing participants.
From completing this study, I learned that exercise is definitely positively inclined to
decreased levels of stress and nutrition most likely has a greater impact on stress indirectly. I
also learned that better questionnaires and a larger, more representative sample size would
probably yield more accurate results if changes were made to the current study. This kind of
study contributes to the study of psychology by allowing further investigation of variables that
can be easily manipulated to treat and manage high stress levels and other behavioral
disorders. More research in this may save college students a lot of stress in the future.

References
Çivitci, A. (2015). The Moderating Role of Positive and Negative Affect on the Relationship
between Perceived Social Support and Stress in College Students. ESTP Educational
Sciences: Theory & Practice,15(3). doi:10.12738/estp.2015.3.2553
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal
of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385. doi:10.2307/2136404
Eide, S. P. (2013, May). THE IMPACT OF EXERCISE INVOLVEMENT ON COLLEGE STUDENT
PERCEIVED STRESS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. 1-53.
http://jewlscholar.mtsu.edu/handle/mtsu/3536
Wilson-Salandy, S., & Nies, M. A. (2012). The Effect of Nutrition on the Stress Management,
Interpersonal Relationships, and Alcohol Consumption of College Freshmen. SAGE Open,
2(4). doi:10.1177/2158244012464975

Table 1
Statistics Between Reported PSS Scores, Food Percentages and Exercise Days
PSS Score Fruit/Vegetable % Processed Foods % Exercise Days
Mean 24.46 19.81 15.23 15.59
Standard Deviation 8.07 14.22 13.67 8.72
Correlation (r) N/A -0.11 +0.11 -0.04

Luis, Alvin, Tori
1) They tested the reliability and validity of the perceived stress scale by sampling two college
student groups and a group of participants currently in a smoking cessation program. How
reliable/valid is the PSS? How will the college samples differ in results from the smoking
cessation participants? How will the PSS compare in results to other given tests, such as the
CES-D and CHIPS?
2) There were 3 samples in total: 1 college sample with 332 participants with 121 males and
209 females, another college sample with 114 participants with 53 females and 60 males. The
last sample was collected from a Smoking-Control program with 27 males and 37 females. Each
group was given 5 tests; a College Student Life-Event Scale to measure the amount of stress
experienced during life experiences, a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to
measure depressive symptomology, a social anxiety scale, the Cohen-Hoberman Inventory of
Physical Symptoms to measure physical symptomatology and the Perceived Stress Scale. For
the college groups, their visits to the student health center were recorded. Illness visits and
total visits were used as data in this study.
3) There were no significant differences between men and women in all 3 samples. As far as
age, age is unrelated to PSS and all of the samples because it was severely skewed in a group of
college freshman. The results pertaining to PSS and reliability over time is expected (PSS) was a
better predictor of various outcomes than stressful life event scores. Social anxiety is increased
with increases in perceived stress, which shows small correlations between the two. Number of
life events are unrelated to social anxiety in both samples, with no correlations shown.
4) The authors state that the PSS confirms accuracy as well as legitimacy. They are certain that
it can be utilized in the treatment and examination process as a tool to help eliminate stress
and similar behavioral disorders. There were no limitations discussed in the study. Suggestions
for future research are using the PSS as an economic tool for measuring chronic stress level,
which are factors that can affect market prices and dynamic stock markets in general. The PSS
can also be used for wide demographics so it can be used to collect more representative data.
5) Overall, the whole study is unbiased and biased. Unbiased because they are using a
population of people in regards to college students and older individuals and biased because
they only used college freshman living in dorms, around ages 18 and 19 and also older people
who were specific to a smoking-cessation program. They used convenient sampling by using
students who completed a questionnaire in an introductory psychology class.
Sample 1 was gathered by using cluster sampling. They were narrowed down by class, then
each person in the group was narrowed down. There is a greater level of external validity
because the screening process made sure that it represented college students in the dorms
within their respective age groups.
Sample 2 was gathered by using quota sampling. They made sure that the sample was similar to
the population being studied but also used convenience sampling since it seemed most
convenient for the researchers. They will have a lower level of external validity because it may
be different than the rest of the population.

Luis, Alvin, Tori
Sample 3 would be simple random sampling because they were informed through posts and
advertisements.

NUTR 3300 - Problem Set 4
Name _____Luis Gonzalez______________________ (please print)
Professor McFadden
Find the Selling Price (in dollars) for the following problems. Show all of your work.
1. Selling Price = Food Cost x Pricing Factor
(Pricing factor = 100% ÷ Desired food cost percentage of the selling price)
The factor method for pricing is simple to use, but because it is based on food cost alone it may result in
a selling price too low for labor-intensive, low-food-cost menu items and too high for low-labor, high-
food-cost items. The selling price calculated by using the factor method is intended to include labor,
supplies, and profit margin. The goals and objectives of the foodservice will determine the desired food
cost percentage. Commercial restaurants generally assign a lower food cost percentage than onsite or
not-for-profit operations. A food cost percentage ranging between 25 and 45 percent is typical.
Given
Food Cost = $2.00
Desired food cost percentage = 35%
1) 100% / 35% = 2.86
2) $2.00 x 2.86 = $5.72
2. Selling Price = Food Cost ÷ Pricing Ratio
(Pricing ratio = Food cost for a specific period of time ÷ Sales for same period of time)
The ratio price method of pricing compares sales for a specific period of time to food cost for the same
period. This method does not consider labor and may result in menu items being priced too high or low.
Given
Food Cost = $38,000
Sales = $95,000
Menu Item Food Cost = $1.50
1) $38,000 / $95,000 = 0.4
2) $1.50 / 0.4 = $3.75

NUTR 3300 - Problem Set 4
Name _____Luis Gonzalez______________________ (please print)
Professor McFadden
3. Selling Price = Prime Cost x Pricing Factor
(Prime Cost = Food Cost + Direct Labor Cost)
(Pricing Factor = 100 ÷ [target food cost percentage + target labor cost percentage])
The prime cost method for pricing considers labor costs separate from food cost. A disadvantage of this
pricing method is that it is time-consuming to determine the amount of direct labor required to produce
a menu item. To simplify direct labor cost calculations, some foodservices establish a labor factor based
on how labor-intensive products are to prepare. An advantage is that this method of pricing more
accurately reflects the direct labor cost on a pre-item basis.
Given
Food Cost = $2.50
Direct Labor Cost = $0.50
Target Food Cost Percentage = 45%
Target Labor Cost Percentage = 30%
1) $2.50 + $0.50 = $3
2) 100 / (45 + 30) = 1.33
3) $2.50 x 1.33 = $3.33
4. Selling Price = Menu Item Food Cost ÷ Target Food Cost
The percentage markup method for pricing is based on an established food cost percentage. It has the
advantage of being easy to apply and the disadvantage of not considering labor cost, and thus pricing
method may be too high or low.
Given
Food Cost = $3.00
Target Food Cost = 35%
1) $3.00 / %35 = $8.57

Luis Gonzalez
THAR 1130
A Christmas Carol Response Paper
A Christmas Carol was a wonderful, Christmas-time play that tells the classic story of
Ebenezer Scrooge with themes of appreciation, family and love for others. The setting was a
stage with people constantly changing the background. The lights would go dark and the stage
people would move the doors to the shop and the closets and beds and all of the large props
used in the play in the center of the stage. Along with that, there was a fog machine or dry ice
or something that gave the appearance of fog when the ghosts of Christmas visited Scrooge.
There were also several white screens behind the whole set so that a projector could show
images and animations of scenes changing to make for awesome-looking transitions and
backgrounds. This was a play that very many families with children and others paid to see, so
most everything about the lights, setting, microphones and acting were very high quality and
enjoyable to watch.
One specific character I chose to address was the main character, Ebenezer Scrooge.
Whether the actor looked like him without costume or not, he did an amazing job playing the
famous grouch that found his way on Christmas. His acting was very believable and I could tell
he was experienced. His outfit was typical 19th
century English clothing, with a large coat
covering his old time shirt and pants to simulate the presence of winter. In fact, just about all of
the actors pulled this off pretty well. In the scene where he gets undressed to go to bed, he
takes everything off and reveals a nightgown underneath which made for a funny moment and
a smooth transition to the bedroom scene where he meets the first set of apparitions. His
stature made him look like a believable, old grumpy store owner. The other actors (women,
children, young and old men) were cast very well for their roles as well.

Luis Gonzalez
THAR 1130
A moment in the play that I found very interesting was the Paranormal Activity-like
scene where Scrooge is in his shop after it closes. The candles on his desk slid on their own as
well as a chair in the room, and the sign on the front of the store spun in circles. I can figure
how the sig was spi i g si e it was pro a ly do e fro ehi d the wall ut I ould ’t
explain how they got the furniture and candle to move smoothly. Maybe they used very thin,
almost invisible string to pull it? But there were actors all over the setting and it must have
been very hard not to trip the wire if that had been the case. Whatever the method was, it was
very cool to see and I could tell how many people and children were wowed by it.
One part of the play that was not exceptionally executed right was the malfunction of
o of the a tresses’ i ropho e. In a scene where Scrooge and his former love was arguing and
transitioning from future to further in the future, the microphone attached to her dress was not
working so she could only be heard acoustically. Later, when she covered her face with her
hands, she must have hit the microphone or something because there was a short, gradual
screech that rang throughout the theater for a moment and it very much hurt my ear. That was
the only thing that really went wrong.
Just about everything else in the play was executed magnificently and it was an
enjoyable Christmas-time performance. The lighting, stage setting, acting, costumes, special
effects and everything else was done almost perfectly. I could tell a lot of time, money and
effort was put into putting on a great performance. For $10, it was definitely worth the visit.

Self-Assessment
My ultimate educational goal is to be very well prepared and knowledgeable so that I can be
the best applicant to whatever job I chose to pursue as well as being the most well-rounded
dietetic graduate as possible. After graduation, my ultimate career goal is to be a very
successful dietician in a field that relates to sports nutrition and exercise physiology as well as
physical fitness. I also wish to further my education after a certain point in my career.
Some of my strengths as they relate to my educational and career objectives are my drive and
motivation to pursue the best possible career in regards to grades, job positions and work ethic.
I have worked in several restaurant establishments which gave me a great deal of food
preparation experience. I have also worked as a server which helped improved my
interpersonal communication skills and made me more extroverted so that I can easily
communicate with clients and my fellow professional peers alike.
Some weaknesses as they relate to this career objective are my perfectionism, lack of formal
nutrition-related experience and my tendency to shirk on sleep and personal responsibilities for
work.
I plan on eliminating these weaknesses by setting small, achievable goals and slowly changing
my daily habits until those habits are minimized or completely gone.
Some dietetic/nutrition work-related activities I enjoy the most are recreational bodybuilding,
daily logging of food intake, personal development and education of nutrition and fitness
principles, preparing health-conscious foods and helping others to achieve their health/fitness
goals.
Some that I enjoy the least are applying for dietetic internships, spending great deals of time
with nutrition class work, trying to determine where is the best place to purchase fresh food
and trying to plan and schedule around limited nutrition classes in the Dietetics program here
at OU.
Some of the most important things to me when choosing a job are its pay, location and job
security. I need to make sure I can be compensated enough to support a wife and/or family and
myself while still being able to live comfortably. I would also need to be somewhere I could see
myself living for many years and enjoying life there, like California or Colorado. Lastly, I would
need to be sure that I would keep my job as long as I did the work and was qualified as
insecurity is an enormous fear of a family living off of that salary.
The perfect job I would like to receive immediately after graduation would be a position
consulting fitness models, bodybuilders or athletes in general as well as opportunities to cover
the physical training aspect. A sports nutrition company would also be very ideal. Three years
after graduation, I would like to have a job in the same field as my perfect, ideal job. The
organization would be very laid back yet hard working, responsible staff would be very
conscious of the quality of work. Size does not matter very much and neither does the history
of the company; I will know if it is perfect when I see/hear it.

U.S. Response to Colombian Drug Cartels Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Professor Moran
Writing and Rhetoric
12 December 2012
The United States has been at war with drugs since the 1970’s, a primary battleground
being Colombia. The U.S considered drug cultivation in Colombia a national threat, so
troops and supplies were sent to help suppress the international drug movement. From the
1970’s to the 2000’s, the term “war on drugs” has been used to describe the national
combat of drugs. The U.S has been and is still working with the Colombian government
and other surrounding nation’s governments to help put a stop to the business and
violence associated with the cartels’ drug trade.
War on Drugs in the 70’s
Actions the U.S. took to fight this “war on drugs” have taken place since the 1970’s.
Richard Nixon was the first president to take federal action against drugs. Nixon was in
shock from a survey done among servicemen in Vietnam, which reported that around 10-
15% of them were addicted to heroin. He declared the war on drugs in 1971, and he
created the DEA, the Drug Enforcement Administration, as a result in 1973. The DEA
replaced the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs as the nation’s lead
administration for combating drugs. Ron Chepesuik is the author of the book The Bullet
or the Bribe: Taking Down Colombia’s Cali Drug Cartel. This author interviewed many
experienced people from many large organizations, such as people from the DEA, FBI,
U.S. Customs, NYPD and other individuals (Chepesuik IX). He described specific U.S.
efforts and support to the Colombian government to combat the Cali cartel, especially the
capture of the head leaders.
The 1980’s emphasized the need for national focus on combating drug trafficking.
Richard Nixon signed over $1.6 billion through the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 to fund
the ongoing drug war in Colombia as well as all over South and Central America, and
southern North America. Ronald Reagan was a huge advocate of the war on drugs, and
his wife Nancy Reagan was too. She formed many programs designed to keep drugs off
the streets and to keep everyone, especially the youth, from using these controlled
substances. As the First Lady, she specifically founded headed the Just Say No program
to spread recreational drug prevention as her major initiative. The invasion of Panama in
1989 also helped the U.S. military slow the flow of traffic coming from Colombia by
busting most narcotic trade routes used by the traffickers. Panama was a transit point for
the cartels for drug trafficking and was made into a huge center for laundering drug
money. This was one justification for the U.S. invasion.
Presidents Clinton and H.W Bush helped fight the war on drugs in the 1990’s, but not
much more efficiently than in the 80’s. President H.W Bush met with leaders from

U.S. Response to Colombian Drug Cartels Gonzalez 2
Canada and Mexico, and was able to negotiate between them the NAFTA, North
American Free Trade Agreement. This made all trade between Canada, the U.S. and
Mexico free from tariffs and was signed in 1993 but came into full effect a year later.
President Clinton was made president when it was time to officially sign the agreement.
The signing of this made drug trafficking much more difficult for U.S. customs and the
DEA to bust narcotics flowing into all 3 North American countries with the increased
flow of commerce. With this legislation enacted, smugglers found it fairly easy to export
the product from Colombia to Mexico, then to cross the border and distribute it in the
U.S. Even with high alert of drug smuggling to and from the border, the smugglers and
cartels continuously come up with new ways to move product into the U.S.
Bill Clinton, President Bush and Barack Obama were the newest leaders of the new
millennium who were trusted to keep fighting the war on drugs. For example, in 2000
Alberto Orlandez-Gamboa was accused of laundering millions of dollars and exporting
thousands of pounds of cocaine to the U.S. and Europe. Colombia exported him after an
approval process upon request to the U.S. where he faced federal charges. If found guilty
of all charges, “he faces life in prison” (Sullivan 2). The outcome is unknown. In 2000,
President Clinton signed over $1.3 billion to Plan Colombia, a U.S. legislation that
supported the Colombian government to combat the production and distribution of
narcotics within Colombia itself. The Illicit Anti-Drug Proliferation Act was signed in
2003, brought up by at the time Senator Joe Biden, which funded awareness over other
drugs such as ecstasy, methamphetamines and heroin. It also enacted laws that increased
penalties to people who used, sold or possessed these controlled substances. The
government has also revealed that the term “war on drugs” would not be used under the
Obama administration for belief purposes, as they think it would be counter-productive to
use it.
Since the early 70’s from the time of Nixon to the current president, the U.S. has and still
is fighting drug trafficking originating from Colombia and is working with the native
government to help put a stop to the huge, illegal, violent industry. Having been
considered a national threat in the U.S., the nation has gone to extreme lengths to
decrease the amount of drugs put on American streets exported from these cartels. The
“war on drugs” is still going on to this very day, whether presidential administrations use
the exact term or not.

Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Professor Lancaster
Ancient Wonders of the Mediterranean
11 December 2012
Final Essay
The first ancient Wonder will be one of the most unknown and legendary, the
Hanging Gardens of Babylon. This was built in Babylon under King Nebuchadnezzar II
around 600 BC for his wife who was homesick and wished for the greenery from her
homeland. The most particularly interesting, famous engineering feat used in the Gardens
was the Archimedes screw, which was reported to feed water to the Garden. Much of
what is known today about this Wonder comes from the accounts of ancient persons like
Berossus, Strabo, Diodorous and Philo. What we know comes from quotes of the book,
as the full description no longer exists. Nebuchadnezzar liked to construct powerful,
diplomatic structures and surely must have displayed his magnificent attitude on the
Hanging Gardens for his queen. This Wonder was reflective of the Babylonian culture in
many ways. The city’s economy was at it’s peak, and with the military campaigns and
ziggurats built all over the city, the Hanging Gardens were not just a gift to his wife but
also a constructional feat as well as the king’s show for power. The main building
material the city of Babylon used was mud brick, and blue glazed bricks were also used
with reliefs of mighty animals that reflected the power of the king.
The second ancient wonder will be one of the flashiest, most elegant and
mythological, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia. It was constructed under Pheidias, a Greek
sculptor who also made the Statue of Athena in Athens, in around 540 BC. He was forced
to leave there and head for Olympia for accusation of stealing gold. The statue itself was
made from imported ivory and gold-plated bronze plates, and reflected the culture of the
Greeks in a very personal and religious manner. This statue was made in what the Greeks
considered Zeus’ second home, and where the Olympic games were held in his honor.
The games were started in 776 BC. The Greeks had very personal view of the gods.
People from all over the world came to see the shrine of Zeus and watch the games,
which only people of Greek blood could participate. The city of Olympia was not
considered a place of community or a town, but rather a shrine with buildings constructed
around it to serve travelers.

EXPH 1000
Routine Summary
My goals for this weekly exercise prescription were to increase the strength of my
biceps while maintaining activity in my other muscle groups with a bodybuilding-type
routine. I also set 2 pounds of fat to lose by the end of the week. I definitely reached both
of my goals. I set 2 days for arms, more specifically working biceps on those days, which
would show how much strength I gained. The first day focused on biceps, and the
workout was very intense. The last arms day was also just as intense, and the pump I got
was incredible. I added 5 pounds to every bicep exercise I did, and I was able to
accomplish as many reps with the added weight as I did the first workout. I’ve also been
in a caloric surplus of 400 calories daily for the duration of this routine, mostly from
chicken and complex carbs, so I’ve been able to get stronger easily. My other goal was to
lose 2 pounds of fat by the end of the week. I worked on this with cardio at the end of my
resistance training. This consisted of Muay Thai boxing on a heavy bag for half an hour,
every day. This was followed with 10 minutes of Capoeira, a Brazilian style of
dance/fighting. I performed all of my cardio fasted, or without anything in my stomach.
The intensity was pretty in between moderate and intense for both cardio exercises. I
weighed 138.5 when I started and weighted 137 at the end of the week. Even though it
was only 1.5 pounds, I was certain it was fat because I’ve had consistent strength while
lifting and increased strength in my arms. I did not, however, measure circumferences of
my hips or waist. This routine is very similar, if not about 90% the same of my regular
workouts before this assignment. I’ve always had very much motivation to better my
body and improve my physiology in any way possible. Most days I come to the gym I’m
in a good mood and when I start lifting, I’m usually hyped up and just pumped to start
working. This helps me to increase and maintain the intensity during my workouts, and to
stay on task. Overall, it was not incredibly challenging for me because I’m kind of used
to it already, but small tweaks and changed to my routine definitely helped. If I could
change anything about it, I would group more muscle groups together in a single day and
space the routine out to give myself rest days in between workouts. My current routine
can be exhausting sometimes, because it last about 4-5 days before I give myself a rest
day. Other than that, I reached the goals I set for myself and had fun doing my own
cardio workouts while making progress. I’m not used to writing down and scheduling my
own workouts, so this assignment definitely helped me get experience in doing so, which
will help when helping others.

Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Introduction to Exercise Science
Professor Fulerton
31 January 2013
Careers of Exercise Science
Exercise science is the study of acute responses and chronic adaptions to a wide
range of physical exercise conditions. Other names for this subject of study are
kinesiology and exercise physiology. 4 career opportunities available in exercise science
are personal trainer, strength and conditioning specialist, athletic trainer and physical
therapist.
Personal trainers lead, instruct, and motivate individuals or groups in exercise
activities, including cardiovascular exercise (exercises for the heart and blood system),
strength training, and stretching. They work with people of all ages and skill levels.
Strength and conditioning specialists apply scientific knowledge to train athletes
for the primary goal of improving athletic performance. They conduct sport-specific
testing sessions, design and implement safe and effective strength training and
conditioning programs and provide guidance regarding nutrition and injury prevention.
Athletic trainers prevent, examine, and treat athletes' injuries. They also work
with team doctors to provide physical therapy for athletes who are recovering from
injuries and to show athletes how to build their strength and avoid further injury,
recommending special diets and exercises, ordering equipment and supplies, and keeping
records on the athletes with whom they work.

Gonzalez 2
Physical therapists help people who have injuries or illnesses improve their
movements and manage their pain. They are often an important part of rehabilitation and
treatment of patients with chronic conditions or injuries.
Certifications offered by the ACSM include 1) group exercise instructor, 2)
personal trainer, 3) health fitness specialist, 4) clinical exercise specialist, 5) registered
clinical exercise physiologist, 6) Exercise is Medicine credential, 7) ACSM/ACS certified
cancer exercise trainer, 8) ACSM/NCPAD certified inclusive fitness trainer, and 9)
ACSM/NSPAPPH physical activity in public health specialist.
Certifications offered by the NSCA include the 1) CSCS (Certified Strength and
Conditioning Specialist), 2) CSPS (Certified Special Population Specialist), 3) NSCA-
CPT (NSCA Certified Personal Trainer), and 4) TSAC-F (Tactical Strength and
Conditioning-Facilitator).
A career related to exercise science that interests me is personal training. Personal
training is a rewarding job that allows one to plan exercise programs tailored to
individual clients, to inform clients about individual health and exercise
needs/requirements and to execute planned exercise programs with the client.
Requirements for the job are a minimum of 18 years old, a high school diploma or
equivalent, and current adult CPR/AED certification. A degree is not required, but is
highly recommended and is required for positions more advanced than a general personal
trainer such as a health fitness specialist. Once again, a CPR/AED certification is
required as well as the CPT certification, both annually maintained. This degree in
exercise physiology will help me attain the job by giving me prior study and knowledge
to the certification exam, and will help tremendously on my resume when I am job

Gonzalez 3
searching. Since a degree is not required, other course work and internships are not
necessary but are encouraged. I will take as many related courses such as an advanced
kinesiology course and anatomy, and will probably end up working towards the most
general, low ranking certification and get a minimum wage job in a gym somewhere for
experience and an introduction into the field.

Summary
There are many causes to why there exist nutritional deficiencies in people with
Celiac disease and those who have it and follow a gluten-free diet. When the small
intestine is damaged, the ability to absorb nutrients is hindered. Certain vitamins and
minerals must be supplemented because of malabsorption. To heal, gluten must be
removed from the diet and must stay like that for 6 months to a year. Implementing a
limited gluten-free diet may limit certain nutrients, and is based on how long the disease
has gone untreated, how much and where the damage is done and so on. Vitamin D may
cause worsening of symptoms and osteoporosis because of a hindered ability to absorb
calcium. Folate and Vitamin B12 are also usually deficient because of the location of the
damage. This may cause neural tube defects in women with this who are pregnant, and
fatigue or loss of appetite. Iron is also a nutrient that is not well absorbed with Celiac
disease, which can cause iron deficiency anemia, which, in turn, can cause fatigue and a
myriad of other symptoms. Calcium, without proper absorption of Vitamin D, cannot be
optimally absorbed. This may lead to osteoporosis. Magnesium and zinc also fit into
these categories. Relating to a gluten-free diet, often times the food is not required to be
fortified with vitamins and minerals like folate and iron, so they must be closely
monitored when selecting food. Lactose intolerance also accompanies Celiac disease due
to small intestinal damage. Supplementation is usually necessary if all nutrients are to be
met during this diet. Since the choice of foods is limited, a general lack of calories for
some people is common.
Exam Question
Which vitamin and mineral needs to be paired in food for proper absorption?

NUTR 2000: Infant/Child/Adolescent Observation/Interview Project
Due Date: see syllabus
Value: 10 points
Purpose: To observe eating behaviors or food selection of infants, children, or adolescents between the ages
of 6 months to 18 years of age.
Procedure:
This assignment involves interviewing and/or observing at length a child, adolescent, or care taker of child about
his or her diet. It is estimated that the interview will take about an hour. It is important that you first get
permission from your subject and your su je t s caretaker prior to conducting the interview. You can assure
them that they can remain anonymous and that the information they share will be kept confidential (that is, it
will be used only for the assignment and their name will not be used in the document you write up). You must
ensure that you keep these promises. Please let them know that they can choose not to answer all the
questions.
The Interview:
1. Ask questions about food intake (both past and present if appropriate).
a. What foods do you eat now? Why?
b. Ask about likes and dislikes both past and present.
c. Ask if there are any major differences between past and present tastes.
2. Ask questions related to meal preparation.
a. Who prepares their meals? All meals?
b. Who plans menus/foods consumed?
c. Who buys the food they consume?
3. Ask about whether there are any cultural, ethnic, or regional influences in their diets.
4. Ask questions relevant to nutrition and development.
a. Do they modify their diet in any way to allow for proper growth and development?
b. If any chronic diseases are present, do they modify their diet in any way to deal with chronic
disease pre e tio ? i.e. fa ily history of type 2 dia etes, heart disease, et … . They ay share
chronic disease but do not ask them about what chronic disease they may have. Only if they
offer this i for atio is it appropriate to ask…
c. Regarding attitude, do they feel diet is an important component of treatment or prevention of
chronic disease? You will want to rephrase this question depending on the age of your
interviewee.
5. Ask about medication or supplement use.
a. Are they currently taking medication? Are they aware of drug/nutrient interactions? Does this
concern them?
b. Do they take a vitamin/mineral or herbal supplement? Do they feel these are necessary? Why
or why not?
6. Include a brief demographic description of your interviewee. (most of these you will not need to ask,
but could surmise by meeting them.)
a. Basic Demographics
i. Age
ii. Sex
iii. Race
iv. Ethnicity
v. Sex ratio
vi. Marital status of caretaker

vii. Living arrangements
b. Also inquire about where they were born and how long they have been living in their current
lo atio . Gather i for atio a out ho a y ti es they ha e o ed, if they e s it hed
schools, if they have two residences, etc.
7. Look for clinical/physical signs of nutritional status
a. Does the person appear (visually) to be well or adequately/excessively nourished? E.g. are they
overweight, underweight, etc.
b. Does the person have their full set of teeth
c. Evaluate skin and hair health
8. If the caretaker is the biological mother, ask the following questions:
a. Did she have any complications during her pregnancy? (gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, low
iron/pica?)
b. Did she carry full term? How many weeks pregnant was she before delivery?
c. Has she experienced fertility problems in the past? (Do not ask this question unless she offers)
9. Describe other observations:
a. Did you see any behavior that addressed food safety (washing hands, cleaning surfaces, etc)?
b. Comment on the adequacy of foods selected or eaten. Were healthy options available and were
they consumed? What u healthy ite s ere o su ed? Why did you o sider the
u healthy ?
10. Include any other observations you feel are pertinent and interesting. Note: If you are really paying
attention, you will notice something. Make note at least 2 other observations not listed above. For
example, this may be that you overhear a conversation from a child or parent, or you notice one new
food, or you notice the activity level of the child may change before or after eating. Pay attention and
you will notice something.
Written Report: Write a report that answers each of the above questions. Number/letter your answers
according to the questions above. Reports should be typed, single-spaced and stapled.
Grading Criteria:
Writing Mechanics (punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, logical flow, readily understood) – 7 pts
Directions Followed (typed, single spaced) – 1 pt
Creativity/Thoughtfulness (site chosen, thoughtful answers and insights)- 2 pts

Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Professor Yoder
Lifespan Nutrition (NUTR 2000)
3 December 2013
Elderly Interview Assignment
The person I am interviewing is Geraldine Moss. We call her Mimi.
1. She answered all no’s to every question. She maintains a generally healthy and
nutritious life.
2. A) As a youngster, she ate more all-around healthy foods like vegetables, fruits and
meats, mostly chicken because her mother wanted to make sure the family ate the right
foods at all times possible. B) Now, she currently eats a lot of her meals based on meats
and bread. She is quick to include some fruit like bananas and apples as snacks and cereal
like Fiber One and chocolate-containing cereals for breakfast. Chocolate is an absolute
must, as it is her favorite snack. She usually has one of those cereals and a cup of fruit
juice for breakfast. Milk used is usually 2%, but whole milk is preferred to serve whole
family because of children living there. C) Much more preference in veggies and assorted
ways of preparing meat and chicken now than when she was a youngster. She emphasizes
her diet a lot more on vegetables because of realizing the health benefits of low calorie
meals and vitamins/minerals. Preferences are basically the same from when she was a
child to now, but more variety is included now for health like her assorted veggies. D)
Again, assorted variety of vegetables and fruits are added to her present diet but her tastes
remain just about the same. Peas, carrots, green beans, broccoli, brussel sprouts and
lentils are also included, and fruits like bananas and oranges also. Pears and peaches that
she eats are usually always canned or packaged just for taste preferences.

Gonzalez 2
3. A) Growing up, her mother made all of the meals and prepared the food for her sister
and father. She didn’t and still doesn’t enjoy cooking. B) Her mother also planned the
meals to ensure adequate nutrition for the children, such as veggies, chicken, dairy and
plenty of water. C) Her mother did most of the family grocery shopping at a small
grocery store. During World War II, her family had a garden that grew tomatoes, lettuce,
and beets. She also had a red apple tree, where her family would get their apples. In the
summer, her and her mother would shop for produce at a local family farm. They usually
got corn and honey from there, but pumpkins and squash were also available to them.
4. She lived in Cincinnati, Ohio her whole life so diet was very typical. Her grandmother
would make chicken soup and gefilte fish because of Jewish background. Potato
pancakes, applesauce and brisket were also very common, especially during Jewish
holidays. Passover would usually consist of traditional foods like unleavened bread
(matzah), vegetables and matzo ball soup.
5. A) Thankfully, she doesn’t have to modify her diet to treat chronic diseases but her
high cholesterol runs in the family and is kept low with medication and avoidance. Much
more grilled and broiled foods are preferred to fried foods to keep blood pressure,
cholesterol low and fat low. B) She absolutely feels that diet is an important
component/treatment/prevention of chronic disease. Again, she takes medication for her
high cholesterol. Trans and saturated fats are avoided to maintain healthy diet and
prevention of chronic disease.
6. A) She is taking medication for arthritis and sleeping pills (both prescribed) and
cholesterol medication. Medication for eyesight is used along with a low dose of aspirin
that is used for heart health. She is now aware of nutrient/drug interactions now that I’ve
informed her, but she is not concerned with thee at all because her body is not reacting
with anything being taken, and is working just fine. She also looked at a few and is clear
of anything that could react harmfully. B) Right now, she takes a multivitamin pill for
people ages 50+, while separately taking Vitamin D3, fish oil, calcium for her bones and

Gonzalez 3
some extra vitamin C in case of a cold. She feels these are necessary because she realizes
that even with a proper diet, she will probably miss a few vitamins she needs so she fills
in the gap wherever she needs to.
7. A) She is 82 years old. B) Female. C) Caucasian. D) American. E) 50.2% to 49.8%. F)
Recently widowed. G) Living alone until this June when son, granddaughter and
grandson moved in with her. Lived in big apartment right down the street from current
location for 3 years. Moved into a new house in ’07, been there ever since. Before all of
that, lived in house for 37 years in another house.
8. A) Yes, she is a very healthy looking lady for her age and appears to be in a generally
good state of health. She is a tad bit overweight, but that is nearly inevitable at her age
and she works on that with limited exercise. B) She has a full set of teeth, although one of
them is replaced. C) Her hair is white and gray but all of it is there and her skin is a bit
saggy and wrinkly, but again she’s 82.
9. There are no other issues or worries to be added, a healthy lifestyle is responsible for
that.
10. Overall, her nutrient intake and nutritional status is very healthy for someone at her
age. She eats whatever she likes to eat lie chocolate and sweets, and still fits in her
vegetables and fruits. Variety is not an issue and she is incredibly social, eating with
family and friends a lot of the time. She has no problem with her vitamins and
medications, and is still very active and acute for being 82.
As for the assignment, I felt as though some of the questions were the same and
some of them repeated. Also, some of the questions were kind of vague, such as asking
for the sex ratio. I would’ve liked further explanation or a more elaborate question to ask.
Other than that, the assignment was very straightforward and it helped me change
perspectives from my young self to an elderly person in terms of diet and food.

Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Professor Miller
Fundamentals of Human Communication
25 February 2014
What Kind Of Interpersonal Communicator Am I?
Overall score: 83. Motivation: 28. Knowledge: 28. Skill: 27. Adaptability: 3,4,5.
Conversational involvement: 5,5,5. Conversational management: 5,5,4. Empathy: 5,5,5.
Effectiveness: 5,4,4. Appropriateness: 5,5,4.
These outcomes have shown me how I evaluate my own competence in
interpersonal communication. I obviously agree with these results since I assessed them
myself, and I’m not at all surprised. My motivation is at a decent number in my opinion
as my desire and goals for communication in daily life are often set and met and my
desire to communicate with someone for mostly any reason is always somewhat high.
Knowledge is also decent because I’m an experienced communicator with a plan, or
sometimes no plan at all, all while tailored to the situation. I know what it takes to get
something done and I carry it out effectively. Skill is fairly the same as the last two, but a
tad bit less. I sometimes forget or freeze up in the midst of conversation, and sometimes I
don’t watch what I say so something might come out as offensive or crossing the line.
Other than that, I’m golden there.
My adaptability is through the roof. I can switch from speaking to the homies
with foul language, to my girlfriend with comforting, loving language or to the elderly
with slow, careful and meaningful communication. I cater to my audience and this makes
me a very effective, flexible communicator. Conversational involvement is good, with no
weaknesses or strengths to stand out. I give out cues and nonverbal signs to enhance
conversation with my peers, and I always watch out for the other person’s cues as well.
Conversational management is well managed when I’m conversing with someone. They
usually go smoothly, but sometimes I have difficulty to steer the conversation where I
want it to go when the other person it trying to do the same thing. My empathy is
something I have always excelled in, as I always consider the other person when
engaging in conversation. People’s viewpoints are always something I try to think about,
and I try to tailor my words to their situation. Effectiveness is something I can struggle
with sometimes, but it is still not very bad. I usually achieve my goals with ease but there
are a few occasions where I don’t get what I needed to get accomplished. I could alwys
just be more assertive to improve this. I always take appropriateness into consideration as
well. I always try to live up to my expectations as well as how people think I would
behave. Not conforming to others’ standards, but taking their opinions into consideration.
The guidelines of social behavior are always on my mind when talking to someone, and I
just try to remain appropriate whenever possible.
In general, my scores match up with how I would evaluate myself and how I think
others would as well. The scores listed above come to no surprise, and I can explain each

Gonzalez 2
characteristic fully and apply it to myself. There are few things I think I need to improve
on but those are easy fixes.

Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Fundamentals of Human Communication
Professor Miller
28 January 2014
Five Words Essay
Five words I think people would use to perceive me as are considerate, laid-back, short-
tempered, humorous and loyal.
I think people perceive me as considerate. Being considerate, to me, means caring
about the thoughts/feelings of other people when I speak or do something that might
affect someone other than myself. It means thinking about others rather than myself and
being selfless. In order to communicate this description to someone else, I usually do
things that are commonly seen as considerate like holding the dorm building door open
for someone who’s coming but is far away or giving off a caring and interpersonal vibe
when talking to someone. I am in agreement with this word one hundred percent, as I
chose these words for myself.
Laid-back is also a term I think people might perceive me as. To me, being laid-
back means being very open and accepting of a lot of things. It means not caring about
things that aren’t a big deal and going wherever the wind takes me. I portray this to
people by letting lots of things happen like a friend have a frozen meal or coming over to
hang out and watch TV or play video games. I would also agree on this word as it has
described me for a number of years.
Sometimes, unfortunately, I can be described as being short-tempered. My
girlfriend especially knows this, but I sometimes show it around other friends and people

Gonzalez 1
as well. It means it’s easy for me to get impatient and angry when specific little things set
me off instead of something larger like a failed grade or a broken phone. I communicate
this to create the perception of it by becoming aggravated and angered in front of people.
I am definitely in agreement with this word, as it applies to me a lot.
I can also be described as humorous. To me, this word means being able to make
a situation comical or contribute funny jokes and content to a conversation. I
communicate the perception of this word by incorporating all of those attributes into
casual conversation and just being a funny person in general. I am in agreement with this
word, even though I don’t personally think I’m funny people tell me that I’m funny.
I think loyal is the last, best word that describe how people perceive me. Being
loyal means keeping promises and words, and by always being present and fair to friends
and family. I communicate the perception of this word by always keeping my promises to
friends and being there whenever they need me. I am in agreement with this word to
describe me because I always try my hardest to be as loyal as possible for family and
friends.

Luis Gonzalez
Final Paper
NUTR 1100
The topic that I will be writing about is the rotation and diversification of
crops on small and industrial farms in America and everywhere in the world. The
author, Oran B. Hesterman, PhD. gives his clear support for this treatment of crops
in Chapter 4 of Fair Food. According to Hesterman (2011), …more than 4 percent
of the food calories consumed worldwide came from just three crops-wheat, corn
and rice…nearly percent of those corn and soybeans produced in vast
monocultures. p. 77). He illustrates simplistic and narrow our number and
selection of crops grown has become in our modern world. Like the author, I too
agree with the ideas of crop rotation and including variety in farms and gardening.
These crops are used to mass-produce most of the worlds convenience foods like
cereals, snacks, instant meals, even deriving from the ingredients used to make
candy and soda. Most farmers have chosen to specialize their fields just to increase
their crop yield for more money, and decades of this have led to a large array of
problems for the crops, soil of the fields, livestock, etc. In order to combat this
destructive trend amongst farmers, some have turned to crop rotation and
diversification. They will plant a large variety of crops in different plots on a field,
harvest and will rotate the crops to different plots. This alone saves the farmer from
sucking vitamins and minerals out of the soil. Hesterman (2011) said And the
different crops pull nutrients out of the soil, so the crops’ fertilizer needs are taken
care of more naturally. (p. 80). This decreases the need for herbicides and
insecticides used on these crops, allows for more variety, and more yield/quality
due to improved quality of soil. Keith Baldwin (2006) from North Carolina A&T

Luis Gonzalez
Final Paper
NUTR 1100
State University stated, Alarming increases in nitrogen concentrations in surface
and groundwater have been attributed to use of nitrogen and phosphorous
fertilizers on farms. (p. 5). When nutrients in the soil are depleted by continuous
mono farming, synthetic fertilizers are needed to replace them. All of this evidence
stated by the author in the book and online publication shows that big companies
and small farmers should incorporate crop rotation and diversification when
growing crops.
Livestock presence has also dwindled from these farms to make room for
dominant crops. Risk of losing aid from government programs that help farms who
are monoculture farms, economics of scale, lack of education and information from
universities and services on managing the two areas of farming are all main reasons
on why farmers are omitting raising livestock on farms. Hesterman (2011) quoted
his farmer friend Dick Thompson, saying ) can make more money on my corn,
soybeans and grain if I feed them through my livestock and then sell the meat. And
the manure from the livestock gives me rich, organic fertilizer for my crops-and I
don’t need to buy it from a fertilizer supplier. )t’s a win-win. p. 80). In mine and the
authors’ and his friends’ opinion, big and small farms should continue to raise
livestock on the same farms that grow crops.
There are several reasons why large farms and food production companies
continue to follow the patterns of monoculture farms and specialization. Having a
certain farm dedicated to one or two crops makes standardization a whole lot easier
for the farmers, and keeps yield accounted for and growing. The use of herbicides
and pesticides keep weeds and pests away since the crops always stay in one spot,

Luis Gonzalez
Final Paper
NUTR 1100
which is also another reason to rotate crops. It keeps insects from getting too
comfortable in one spot. Producing the crops that are most in demand is another
reason, since most food products use soy or corn or wheat anyway. This is been
going on for decades and is the main reason why foods are so convenient and
abundant to every day people, but is also the reason why these foods are fortified
with preservatives and chemicals to increase the shelf life. The main motivator here
is profit. Steps are being taken by many farmers worldwide to shift the trends to a
more sustainable and crop-friendly method of farming, as they should.
Experimenters in China have researched effects of cadmium in oilseed and
rice crops derived from the soil of the land. They measured the amount of cadmium
being absorbed by these crops, to make sure the levels were lower than the legal
limit for human consumption. Cd-contaminated did not fill the crops due to rotation,
and thus proves that rotation of crops prevents buildup of toxic elements and other
factors that contaminate stationary crops. The China Agricultural University (2014)
stated The results suggest screening rice cultivars with lower Cd accumulation can
assure the food safety; the mobilization of heavy metals by roots of different plant
species should be considered during crop rotation to assure food safety. p. .

Luis Gonzalez
Final Paper
NUTR 1100
Works Cited
Hesterman, O. (2011). Fair food: Growing a healthy, sustainable food system
for all. New York: PublicAffairs.
Baldwin, K. (2006, June 1). Crop Rotations on Organic Farms. Retrieved
December 10, 2014.
China Agricultural University (2014, August 7). Application of a rotation
system to oilseed rape and rice fields in Cd-contaminated agricultural land to ensure
food safety. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25108175. Retrieved December
10, 2014.

Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Professor McFadden
NUTR 1100
17 October 2014
Fair Foods Assignment
1) The author outlines several dysfunctions within our current food system. What are
some things you could change in your own life to help move toward a solution for these
issues?
- Some things I could do to help move toward a solution are buying fresh, locally grown
and raised food, stop supporting giant corporate supermarkets, and start eating more
certified organic foods. These all boost self-sustainable communities while separating
from the growth of big business. These also support the environment and reduce being
apart of the problem in general.
2) "Food deserts" are mentioned in the book as a large problem with our food system.
What are some solutions you can think of to provide these people with healthy food
options (aside from just adding more supermarkets)?
- Honestly, there aren’t very many ways to solve this problem. These people’s locations
are isolated and fixed and, whether by choice or not, their food availability is on them.
They will be a good distance from any sources of foods either way, so either they start
growing their own vegetables and fruits, or move closer to a location with close
availability to food markets. Maybe helping them with car troubles or something, but
again their location is hard to work with.
3) The author states that we "can't find enough Band-Aids to fix all the broken parts of
this system". He proposes that we need to imagine how the future system would work
and start implementing these practices. Do you agree? Do you think our current system
can be patched up or do we need a new system?
-There are a whole lot of problems our current food system has, and way too many of
those solutions would require an entire change in the system. More people are concerned
with daily convenience, rituals and money than there are that are concerned with how our
food system should be changed. Low-income families could care less where their food
comes from or how it’s made or even health risks from it. Upper class people generally
have more knowledge about these topics and are willing to take steps to improve it.
Unfortunately, focus is centered on business and amount of food produced rather than
quality and everything being fair/right. In conclusion, I think that the system will not
change, at least majorly, due to majority vote. If it does however, it should be gradually
meaning patches here and there. There is no room for a complete overhaul.
4. Antibiotic resistance has becoming an increasing concern. Fair Food states that 70% of
all antibiotics in the US are used in livestock production. Do you think that we use too
many antibiotics as a nation and could this be a major problem in our future? Would

Gonzalez 2
cutting back on the use of antibiotics in livestock production be helpful? What problems
could it cause?
-Antibiotics are used to fix disease in plants in animals so that they can be edible for
consumers. Both disease and medicines to these diseases shouldn’t be in food, so there
has to be a meeting in the middle. This could definitely be a problem if organisms
continue to adapt to these antibiotics. Cutting back would be the first step and would be
the most logical solution. This could be causing mutations in the human population due
to overconsumption, and a constant need to invent new antibiotics to keep up with
evolving pathogens.
5. It is sad that in our current food system so much food is wasted while many people go
hungry. In a future food system what provisions would you implement that would help
feed more people healthy food?
-I would grant subsidies that are carefully evaluated to encourage self-sustainable
communities, such as a revised Farm Bill geared towards family farmers. Home gardens
would also be encouraged, as well as community gardens and farmers markets.
Essentially, much focus would be placed on sustainability and supporting locally grown
crops and produce. People everywhere would have the option to consume produce made
right in their vicinity.
6) Livestock production is one of the main producers of greenhouse gas. It also takes
more energy to produce 1 calorie of animal based food than it does of plant based food,
yet we still eat more beef than any other country. Do you think this is something that can
ever be changed? Will people ever be willing to give up their beef?
- Personally, I don’t think this will ever change. Man was born and raised to kill and eat
meat, and even modern habits show humans have a love for meat, beef especially. I could
not see myself not eating any more beef because I just love steak and hamburgers too
much. To say that this could change on a national level is bonkers. Besides, if millions of
people are providing market demand for beef, the supply will be provided however
possible. Companies, due to the size and population of our country, will implement mass
production of slaughterhouses and beef. There will be some that try to change things for
the better, but there is just no other way to provide that many people with that much beef
so it seems like things are going to stay the same for a while.

Gonzalez 1
Luis Gonzalez
Professor Gupta
MKT 2020
11 October 2014
Assignment 4D
4D: What is a well-designed product? How should a company go about
developing a well-designed product?
A product is a good or a service a business offers to consumers for purchase. Products
can be used make daily life more convenient for people, fulfill necessities or simply offer
pleasure/entertainment. When a product is being developed, engineers or whoever is working on
said product is modifying it so that it serves the best purpose possible for both the buyer and the
seller. Factors include composition and cost of materials, amount of those materials, certain
processes that can alter the quality and cost, and so on. Essentially, they decide what the product
will do and how good it will be compared to similar products on the market. Generic products
will generally have less quality and function than well-known brand names, and these are sold to
those who want to save money when shopping. Manufacturers decide if they want to use plastic
or metal, actual wood or plastic with a wooden color, leather or fabric, and so on. Again, the
design depends on how it will serve the company’s purpose.
Let’s use IPhone cases for example. There are a myriad of possible designs the
manufacturer has to choose from. The company must first start with what the goal is in terms of
what purpose the specific case will serve. Maybe they will just be bumpers, which is a case that
only protects the sides and is bulked to prevent flat impacts to the screen. Perhaps the case will
also cover the back of the phone, or even include a screen cover to prevent scratches and preserve
the delicate phone. High quality cases, like Otterbox and Lifeproof are made for ultimate
protection and preservation of the consumer’s IPhone. Obviously, the bumpers are going to cost
less and will be easier to produce, but it also sacrifices quality and function since it only protects

Gonzalez 2
the phone from certain angles when dropped or hit. Otterbox cases, which look like juggernaut
armor for phones, will cost more to make and will include more features like screen covers, plug
covers and rubber casing. The quality is higher as well as the retail cost. This clearly illustrates
how the design of the product is very dependent on the function the company wants the product
to serve and who its target audience is.
Product development can be started by using the SWOT method(strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats). This allows companies to research effects of manufacturing and selling
the product, and allows for ideas to take shape so that the company can choose one to follow
through with. They then ask questions like who the target audience will be, current trends, size of
markets and so on. Details on production and engineering are reviewed, like production costs and
benefits provided to the consumer. Business aspects are then analyzed, such as profitability and
when the product sales will break even, and collect customer feed back while looking at prices of
other competitors. Development of a prototype is initiated, tests are made and adjustments to the
first copy are utilized to work out the kinks and perfect it as much as possible. Lots of planning,
logistics, data and pre-launch information is gathered and schedules are made to plan the release.
Once released, advertising and promotions are implemented. The product is being sold, and
results are analyzed to compare to competitors on the market.
The designers start by choosing an idea after brainstorming and get to work analyzing
every aspect of creating the new product. Information like statistics and relevant articles are used
to aid in this. Once this is done, they create parameters and objectives that they wish to reach
when brainstorming for different designs. Different prototypes are made, compared, critiqued and
tossed in order to develop the best possible version. Once these prototypes are narrowed down,
they are tested and improved with small changed that gradually solve every one of its problems.
Even after all of these steps, the final prototype can be altered and improved even more if faulty
errors were made or other problems arise.

Luis Gonzalez
Name: Meals On Wheels Association of America
Type of Program: A nonprofit association recognized by the IRS and an accredited
Better Business Bureau Charity.
Funding Source: Contributions and partnerships/sponsorships account for the majority
of the organization’s revenues. The rest are attributed to program service fees,
conference, government grants, membership dues, and investment incomes.
Mission/Purposes of the Agency or Program: We believe that no senior should go
hungry. Meals On Wheels Association of America empowers community programs to
improve health and quality of life.
Brief History of the Program: The first Meals on Wheels opens in 1954 in Philadelphia,
PA and carries out its mission for many years. The name is changed in 1976 to National
Association of Meal Programs (NAMP). In 1998, due to high name recognition, the name
is once again changed to Meals on Wheels Association of America (MOWAA). Ending
senior hunger in America by 2020 was announced the official Mission of MOWAA in
2009. The organization partnered with the Administration of Aging, then launched the
“We are Meals on Wheels Campaign” 4 years ago.
Outcome Data about the Program Effectiveness: All reviews viewed were generally
very positive and praised by the demographic that the organization serves as well as other
related ones. All standards for charity accountability are met and accredited by very
reliable associations such as the IRS and BBB.
Role of the Nutrition Professional in the Program: These include evaluating
preparation of meals provided to the elderly, as well as taking the aging population’s
nutrition concerns such as calcium levels and low vitamin intake into consideration so
that these can be handled properly.
URL for program website: www.mowaa.org
Evaluation of the Website:
Credibility: Has very much organizational support and the information is trustworthy.
Accuracy: All information is up to date, very detailed and comprehensive.
Reasonableness: Descriptions, history and public info are all unbiased and fair.
Support: Gives out names of the board, contacts and addresses as credible sources.
Reading Level: Flesch Reading Ease: 50.58

2
February 12, 2015
Congressman Steve Stivers
3790 Municipal Way
Hilliard, OH 43026
Dear Congressman Steve Stivers,
As a community dietician at the food bank in Logan, Ohio, I would like to call your
attention to the discussion of whether or not all community gardens located on land
owned by the federal government should be required to use organic methods. As a result
of mirroring industrial farming methods, gardens and the produce grown in these gardens
have collected a large amount of pesticides and herbicides that are directly consumed by
members of the community. Artificial chemicals and solutions have been shown to
increase risk of various cancers in people, as well as other chronic diseases and
reproductive issues. Exposure of these can endanger the health of young children who are
being fed these affected vegetables while they are in the midst of their growth, as stated
by an article published by Masaya Kato, Ph.D. on the negative pesticide effects on
children.
I am very concerned that the presence of such chemicals and industrial methods of
agriculture are putting the community’s health at risk when the result of a community
garden should be improved health and nutrition. According to a study done by Patricia A.
Carney, Ph.D. on the impact of organic community gardens, simply executing organic
farming methods like naturally occurring pesticides and crop rotation to grow produce to
consume can improve dietary intake and overall nutrition.
I am asking you to take the following action:
1. Support local efforts for community gardens to enforce organic farming methods.
Feel free to contact me with any questions about converting local community farming
methods to organic and any supporting details to improve the health and integrity of our
fine community.
Best regards,
Luis Gonzalez, R.D.
420 Electric Avenue
Logan, OH, 43138
PRINT AND ATTACH
1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661291/
2) http://globalmedicine.nl/issues/issue-1/agricultural-pesticide-exposure-and-its-
negative-health-effects-on-children/

Luis Gonzalez
THAR 1130
The Penelopiad Response Paper
The Penelopiad was definitely a very interesting, different take of the Odyssey and the
story of Odysseus through the eyes of the women in the story. The setting was basically a
center stage with elevated platforms to simulate towers and castles for the actors and things on
the ceiling that come down for the actors to use during the play like microphones and cloths.
The lighting was used in a very appropriate manner; as the play progressed, the lights would
change when the main actress had a monologue or would go all over the place when a crazy
scene was happening.
One specific character I chose to address was Odysseus, played by Constance Sabo. She
was very good at portraying the role of the main character, especially a male which was very
interesting when I first got there. The entire cast was composed of only female actresses and
they were playing all other male roles in the story. I support the feminist-like theme of this play
ut I was ’t a huge fa of it i the stor e ause I would get lost as to who e a tl was a ki g,
queen, princess, servant or just a male in general. There’s ot too u h that a e do e a out
that other than exaggeration of costume or something, otherwise the casting was done very
well. Anyways, Constance Sabo delivered a very effective performance in my opinion. Her outfit
was set different than the rest of the women which helped follow along with the story, and she
had very masculine mannerisms while playing the character. Although all of the actresses made
the play enjoyable, hers especially was very entertaining to watch.
A moment in the play I found very interesting was when the oracle was telling the king
about the future of his children so that he must kill his daughter. This stood out to me because
of how they did it; they let out a very long cloth from the ceiling and held it so that the actress

Luis Gonzalez
THAR 1130
doing the scene could tie herself up on it. This almost seemed like a stunt since she was really
hanging from it at very dangerous angles. When you can execute something like that during a
live performance, it just makes the scene and play in general that much more entertaining to
watch.
There is an idea that the Penelopiad is a feminist play since it is written through the eyes
of women. In my opinion, feminism is the empowerment and independence of women overall
and this play certainly accomplished that. The exclusiveness of female actors androgynously
playing both male and female roles seems to support this idea, since Ancient Greek culture and
literature has put much emphasis on the dominance of the male in most stories. While
watching the play, I could tell that a lot of work went into training and transforming to
accurately portray a male character such as Odysseus while maintaining a romantic relationship
with another female actress. This is a little it where thi gs got real i this produ tio , where
on-stage kisses and implied sexual activity between two members of the same sex were written
in the script.
Overall, my opinion of the play is very positive. The lighting, casting, acting and
togetherness of the production was really a treat to watch, especially for free as a student.
Light changes enhanced the performance and really gave the feeling of being where the setting
was, like on a boat at sea or when an important oracle is being told. Props were used very
effectively as well. Tables, chairs, bed materials and so on really illustrated the story along with
the great acting of well chosen actresses. I can honestly say that I walked out of the play as if I
had walked out of a movie with a Rotten Tomato rating of like 90%.

Protein Needs in Bodybuilders 1
Post-Exercise Dietary Protein Needs in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders
Luis Gonzalez
NUTR 2200
Ohio University

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