"""Plant-based milk, derived from sources like almonds, soy, oats, and coconuts, offers a nutritious and cruelty-free alternative to traditional dairy. Rich in vitamins and minerals, it caters to diverse dietary preferences while promoting sustainability and environmental well-being."" ""Ghee processing involves the meticulous clarification of butter, separating the milk solids and water to leave behind pure, golden clarified butter. This traditional method enhances the flavor, extends shelf life, and makes ghee a versatile and prized ingredient in culinary applications."" Read the complete article along with up-to-date articles, Industry buzz, and fun facts on the Food & Beverage industry with PMG's weekly #FoodTech #IndustryInsights"

1. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
TECH-KNOWLEDGE
FOOD & BEVERAGE
INDUSTRY
ENGINEERING
& DESIGN
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
Vol .02-Issue .44-December 2023
www.pmg.engineering
A
The Official PMG Engineering Newsletter
PMG

2. CONTENTS
6-7
2-5
8
1. WHITE PAPER
Vol .02-Issue .44-December 2023
DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
PMG
2. INDUSTRY BUZZ
3. WEEKS HIGHLIGHT
4. DID YOU KNOW?
A. Processing of unsweetened condensed
milk
B. Product recall and its types
Latest Food Industry News Updates
A Look Into The Main Events Of The Week
Fascinating Food Facts To Expand
Knowledge
9-11

3. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
PROCESSING OF UNSWEETENED
CONDENSED MILK
Introduction
READ MORE....
PMG
Evaporated milk, also known as unsweetened
condensed milk or dehydrated milk, is a form of
concentrated milk with a larger shelf life than
regular milk.
Unsweetened condensed milk has about 60% of the
water removed from it. After the water is removed,
the liquid that remains is cooled, sterilized at high
heat (around 240° F), and then canned. The heating
process gives evaporated milk a darker colour and
a slightly sweeter, caramel-like taste. Evaporated
milk also has a higher concentration of nutrients
and energy. This means that one cup of evaporated
milk will have more nutrients and provide more
energy than one cup of fresh milk. Vitamin D is
also usually added to boost the nutritional value of
evaporated milk.
The unsweetened condensed milk can be made
from whole milk, skim milk or recombined milk
with skim milk powder, anhydrous milk fat (AMF)
and water.
Vol .02-Issue .44-December 2023
of milk protein and milk fat at the plant.
2.Standardization: In this fat and solids not fat
(SNF) has been adjusted to a predetermined level.
The composition of evaporated low-fat milk is
7.5%–9.0% fat and 18%–22% non-fat milk solids.
3.Preheating/Pasteurization: To improve the
concentrated product's heat stability and impart
optimum viscosity to the finished product, the fluid
milk is preheated before it is condensed.
4.Evaporator: Water is evaporated, employing
indirect heating. Product and heating medium
(steam) are kept separate from one another
utilizing a special steel sheet, to minimize the
thermal impact on the products from the heat
applied, evaporation takes place in a vacuum at
pressures of 160 – 320 hPa, equivalent to water
boiling temperatures of 55°C – 70 °C. In milk
Industry, generally, three types of evaporators are
used- Falling film evaporators, Rising Film
Evaporators, Circulation / vertical Evaporators,
Horizontal Tubes Evaporator.
5.Homogenisation: Homogenization is a
mechanical treatment of the fat globules in milk
brought about by-passing milk under high pressure
through a tiny orifice, which results in a decrease
in the average diameter and an increase in number
and surface area, of the fat globules. It is done to
create a stable emulsion where the fat globules do
not rise to form a cream layer.
Processing
1. Reception of milk and testing: The raw milk is
transported from the dairy farm to the plant in
refrigerated tanks. The milk is tested for odour,
taste, bacteria, sediment, and the composition

4. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
PMG
PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
Vol .02-Issue .44-December 2023
6.Cooling: After homogenization, the pre-treated
milk is cooled to about 14 °C to send for further
processing.
7.Canning: Canning machines for condensed milk
automatically fill and seal the cans before
sterilization.
8. Sterilization: Done in two ways i.e.
(a) Batch Autoclave – In this the cans are first
stacked in special crates, which are then stacked
inside the autoclave.
(b) Continuous Autoclave - In the continuous
autoclave, the cans pass through on a conveyor belt
at a precisely controlled speed.
9.Storage: Once it is autoclaved, it is cooled to
about 5°C and stored. The process, as mentioned
above was for retort processed unsweetened
condensed milk. If the milk is to be condensed by
UHT Processing, the above whole process remains
same except point 7 and 8, which will be replaced by
point 11 and 10 described below.
10.UHT Treatment: The milk is pumped to the UHT
plant/heat exchanger, where it is heated to 122°C –
140 °C for a period ranging from 4 seconds to 2
minutes. Generally, a plate heat exchanger is
preferred, and if UHT Treatment is used in the
processing,than the preheating phase done in this
case will below.
11.Aseptic Filling: Aseptic processing and packaging
is the filling of commercially-sterilized products into
pre-sterilized containers.
Flow chart
Conclusion
Condensed milk will almost always be sweetened.
Once the water is gotten rid of, the manufacturers
use sugar to sweeten it. In case of unsweetened
condensed milk, there is no addition of sugar in
evaporated milk, and thus it is not sweeter to
taste.

5. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
PRODUCT RECALL AND ITS
TYPES
Introduction
READ MORE....
PMG
Vol .02-Issue .44-December 2023
Product recalls are inevitable reality of working in
food industry which can be frightening for both
food processers as well as for consumers due to
the harm and fear they cause among them. People
generally focus on its negative side only, but they
are very essential and must happen regularly as
they can prevent serious damages to the
consumer’s health. Recently, a very well-known
potato chips brand had to voluntarily pulled out its
product from western market due to presence of
undeclared milk allergen in it. Due to huge spike in
the number of cases of food product recalls
presents devasting effect on the image of food
industry. But the good news is that there are
measures available for food industries, which can
apply for reducing/preventing its number.
Food recall is essential component of national food
control system that is used for the management of
risks in response to food safety events and
emergencies. Product Recall is action of removing
food products from the market at any stage of the
food chain which may pose a safety risk to
consumers. A food recall may be initiated because
of a report or complaint from a variety of sources −
manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, government
agencies and consumers. It may also occur as a
result of a food business’s internal testing and/or
auditing. Recalls are conducted by food businesses
for protecting their consumers from any kind of
severe health consequences like injury, illness or
even death.
Reasons of Product Recall
Food recalls may happen for many reasons,
including but not limited to:
a.Discovery of pathogenic organisms, including
bacteria such as salmonella parasites such as
Cyclospaora.
b.Discovery of objectionable foreign objects such
as broken piece of glass, metal, or plastic.
c.Discovery of a major allergen that does not
appear on the product label.
d.Discovery of a harmful chemical compound which
is either not allowed to be used in food products or
is present in the concentration higher than its
acceptable limits. Example: MSG, pesticide
residues, antibiotics etc.
Types of Recall
a.Trade Level Recall
A trade recall is conducted when the food has not
been sold directly to consumers. It involves
recovery of the product from distribution centers
and wholesalers. It may also involve recovery of
product from hospitals, restaurants, and other
catering establishments.

6. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
PMG
Vol .02-Issue .44-December 2023
b.Consumer Level Recall
A consumer recall is the most extensive type of
recall. It involves recovery of the food product from
all points in the production and distribution chain
including recovery of product in the possession of
consumers.
a) Increase in Direct Costs for Company:
The direct costs of the actual recall generally
include:
Notifying retailers and regulatory bodies
Pulling products, also known as reverse logistics
Storing and disposing of contaminated or
mislabeled products
Any additional labour needed to carry out these
tasks and investigate the source of the problem.
b) Lost Sales:
Any recalled products a manufacturer has to pull
from shelves represent lost revenue opportunities.
Retailers might shut off entire SKUs if
manufacturers are not yet sure which batches are
impacted, which could mean extra and unnecessary
lost sales opportunities. And if the manufacturer
shuts down production, whether voluntarily or by
mandate, the shutdown leads to still more missed
revenue opportunities.
c) Damage to Brand Name:
Product Recall can damage a brand or company’s
reputation and level of trust in the eyes of
consumers. If a manufacturer is fully transparent
and proactive about handling the recall, that can
minimize the damage.
At first instance food recalls are seen as public
health issue, but they are also responsible for
significant economic issues also. According to
findings of one reputed survey, the average cost of
a recall to a food company is around $10M for
direct costs, in addition to brand damage and lost
sales. However, the costs for larger brands may be
significantly higher based on the preliminary recall
costs reported by firms of some recent recalls.
Thus, it can be one of the biggest threat to
profitability if not managed properly.
Food withdrawal Vs Product Recall
Many professionals often use the term food
withdrawal and product recall interchangeably, but
there is a huge difference between them.
Withdrawal of food product from the market is the
action of removing food from the supply chain
where there is no public health and safety issue
associated with it. A withdrawal may occur in two
circumstances:
When the food product has a quality defect
(e.g., color or texture), is underweight or has
labelling irregularities that do not pose a
potential risk to public health and safety.
As a precaution, pending further investigation
of a potential public health and safety risk.
However, if a risk to public health and safety is
established, the food must be recalled.
Risk Associated

7. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
FOOD INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY BUZZ
SIAL INDIA: Investigating India's
Culinary Excellence as the EU Shines
as a Region of Honour
McDonald's first covert chain, CosMc's,
is about to open.
December 11, 2023, New Delhi: SIAL INDIA and Vinexpo
India, two of the world's most prestigious food and drink
shows, featured state-of-the-art goods that merged the
worlds of wine, beverages, and delectable food. With
more than 300 exhibitors, 20 ambassadors, and
innumerable food and beverage innovations, the expo
was a huge success.
PMG
CosMc's, a new spinoff project from McDonald's that focuses
on beverage sales, is set to debut in Illinois.They intend to
open a few more in the coming months, but for now they are
testing the concept in Illinois this month. The menu would
have a "nostalgic" feel and offer a variety of drinks, including
frappes and boba teas, with a concentration on cold
beverages.
The event was opened in the presence of twenty
ambassadors from participating countries by Mr. Janusz
Wojciechowsksi, the European Union's Agriculture
Commissione, the Ministry of Food Processing Industries
IAS Secretary, Government of India (MOFPI), and the IAS
Chairman of APEDA (Agricultural & Processed Food
Products Development Authority), Ministry of Commerce
& Industry, GOI. MOFPI provided power to Sial India. The
events were organised by Comexposium, Vinexposium,
Inter Ads India, and France in collaboration.
By the end of 2024, McDonald's intends to open roughly ten
CosMc locations in the Dallas-Fort Worth and San Antonio
metro areas in Texas. CosMc's is named after a fictional
character from the McDonaldland franchise who popped up
in movies, video games, books and comics in the 1980s and
1990s to help promote the fast-food chain.

8. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
Coca-Cola India enters the alcoholic
beverage market
Imports of cheap tea from Nepal
exacerbate the Darjeeling industry's
difficulties.
The import of inexpensive teas from Nepal, which totaled
10.4 million kg between January and October of this year, has
exacerbated the financial crisis already plaguing the
Darjeeling tea business, which is already struggling due to
poor production, low demand in export markets, and low
price realisation. According to trade sources, Nepal has also
been successful in breaking into the Darjeeling tea export
markets and is currently exporting straight to nations like
Japan and Germany.
KFC expands to 1,000 locations in India
and; to add one lakh jobs
PMG
Beginning with Lemon-Dou, its worldwide alcoholic ready-
to-drink beverage, which the corporation has begun to
pilot test in Goa and certain regions of Maharashtra, Coca-
Cola India has made its first foray into the alcohol market.
Quick service restaurant brand KFC announced on Wednesday that it has
reached 1,000 locations in India, one of its fastest-growing regions globally.
In a statement, KFC Global Chief Executive Sabir Sami stated that the
company wants to expand “in every market it operates.”
KFC, which made its debut in India in 1995, announced plans to create more
than a lakh new employment nationwide. In a study released earlier this
week, ICICI Securities stated, "KFC continues to perform well despite
demand headwinds and overall slowdown, as it has been able to maintain
store operating margins despite aggressive store expansion."
Seven of the Darjeeling Tea Association's 87 tea farms are
permanently shuttered, according to Sandeep Mukherjee,
chief adviser. Many of them are barely making ends meet and
are unable to pay the employees' statutory dues. The
Darjeeling industry's future is unclear, and we
A representative for Coca-Cola India told ET that the
company is pilot testing Lemon-Dou, a product from its
worldwide portfolio, in a few Indian states. Lemon-Dou is
a concoction of lime and shochu, a distilled liquor related
to vodka and brandy.

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DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION
International Civil Aviation Day is celebrated on 7 December to
acknowledge the flight industry’s influence on modern life. It’s
incredible to think that in less than 24 hours you can transport your
body to pretty much anywhere in the world.
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7th December is observed as the Armed Forces Flag
Day throughout the country to honor the martyrs and
the men in uniform who valiantly fought on our
borders to safeguard the country's honor.
INDIAN ARMED FORCES
FLAG DAY
7 DECEMBER
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION DAY
7 DECEMBER

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DID YOU KNOW?
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Fact 1
PMG
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Baking agents and basic ingredients form the
foundation of every delicious baked creation.
Essential elements such as flour, sugar, eggs, and
leavening agents like baking powder and yeast play
a crucial role in achieving the perfect texture and
flavor. Understanding the synergy between these
components is key to mastering the art of baking,
unlocking a world of delectable treats for every
palate.

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In addition to flour, sugar, eggs, and butter which are
commonly used in baking, there are several other
important ingredients that contribute to the taste,
texture, and overall quality of baked goods. for
example, baking powder and baking soda, Salt, Vanilla
extract, Milk, Yeast, Chocolate, and Nuts and dried
fruits. Proper measurement and ratio, as well as the
quality of these ingredients, are key factors in achieving
delicious and well-baked treats.

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An extraction plant for edible oil is a facility that efficiently extracts oil from plants
or seeds to produce edible oils for consumption. It involves the use of mechanical or
chemical processes to separate the oil from the solid material. The extracted oil is
then refined, filtered, and packaged to meet the quality standards for consumption.
Fact 3
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