The document discusses online peer support groups for pregnancy loss and infant death. It covers the structure, function, history and evolution of online support groups. Some key benefits of online groups include low cost access, a sense of community, and social and emotional support. However, risks include miscommunication, privacy breaches, and information overload. The effects of the online setting on individuals, interpersonal interactions, and groups are explored. Effective leadership and moderation of online groups is also discussed, including establishing guidelines and addressing challenges like depression, disruption, and deception.
The document discusses online peer support groups for pregnancy loss and infant death. It covers the structure, function, history and evolution of online support groups. It describes the benefits of online groups like low cost access and reduced isolation, but also risks like miscommunication and privacy breaches. It examines the effects of online interactions on individuals, interpersonal relationships and groups. It provides guidance on establishing and moderating online support groups, including addressing challenges like depression, disruption and deception. The goal is to offer support while preventing issues like suicide.
The document discusses online peer support groups for pregnancy loss and infant death. It covers the structure, function, history and evolution of online support groups. The benefits of online groups include low cost access, a sense of community, and social and emotional support. However, risks include miscommunication, privacy breaches, and inaccurate medical information. Effective leadership and moderation of online groups is also discussed, including establishing guidelines, facilitating discussions, and addressing challenges like depression, disruption, and deception. Throughout, the document provides examples from research and real world experience with online bereavement support groups.
Grant-Shackleford; Using Social Media For Sobriety Recovery... PP; APA Conven...Dr. Don Grant, CCDC, PhD
This study examined preferences, beliefs, behaviors, and experiences of individuals using both face-to-face and mediated (online) sobriety support. The study found:
1) Participants significantly preferred face-to-face sobriety support over mediated support.
2) Participants found it easier to be honest in face-to-face settings but were more likely to lie about their sobriety time.
3) Participants were more likely to be under the influence during face-to-face rather than mediated support.
4) Participants decreased their attendance at face-to-face support since using mediated support.
5) Greater use of face-to-face support predicted greater sobri
An examination of three traits encouraged by social networks--narcissism, insecurity, and isolation--that lead to negative behaviours among users and, ultimately, unhappiness.
This study examined how nonverbal cues and social media presence impact first impressions. It hypothesized that nonverbal behavior provides a more accurate impression than static content, and that social media contributes to negative bias. A focus group viewed resumes and actors, rating nonverbal impressions as more accurate and confident. Content analyses found LinkedIn profiles lacked professionalism while Facebook had neutral-to-positive tones. Generally, nonverbal behavior provided stronger positive impressions than static content, but social media did not clearly induce negative impressions. Suggestions include separating experiments from focus groups and examining specific social media variables' effects.
How do Male & Female likely voters differ? Who is more likely to be using social media to research the candidates and who is more excited to vote? Find out!
My SGP is on Character Education. This Power Point/Keynote tells you what character education is, why it is needed, how it can help, and how some schools work character education into their lessons
The document discusses online peer support groups for pregnancy loss and infant death. It covers the structure, function, history and evolution of online support groups. It describes the benefits of online groups like low cost access and reduced isolation, but also risks like miscommunication and privacy breaches. It examines the effects of online interactions on individuals, interpersonal relationships and groups. It provides guidance on establishing and moderating online support groups, including addressing challenges like depression, disruption and deception. The goal is to offer support while preventing issues like suicide.
The document discusses online peer support groups for pregnancy loss and infant death. It covers the structure, function, history and evolution of online support groups. The benefits of online groups include low cost access, a sense of community, and social and emotional support. However, risks include miscommunication, privacy breaches, and inaccurate medical information. Effective leadership and moderation of online groups is also discussed, including establishing guidelines, facilitating discussions, and addressing challenges like depression, disruption, and deception. Throughout, the document provides examples from research and real world experience with online bereavement support groups.
Grant-Shackleford; Using Social Media For Sobriety Recovery... PP; APA Conven...Dr. Don Grant, CCDC, PhD
This study examined preferences, beliefs, behaviors, and experiences of individuals using both face-to-face and mediated (online) sobriety support. The study found:
1) Participants significantly preferred face-to-face sobriety support over mediated support.
2) Participants found it easier to be honest in face-to-face settings but were more likely to lie about their sobriety time.
3) Participants were more likely to be under the influence during face-to-face rather than mediated support.
4) Participants decreased their attendance at face-to-face support since using mediated support.
5) Greater use of face-to-face support predicted greater sobri
An examination of three traits encouraged by social networks--narcissism, insecurity, and isolation--that lead to negative behaviours among users and, ultimately, unhappiness.
This study examined how nonverbal cues and social media presence impact first impressions. It hypothesized that nonverbal behavior provides a more accurate impression than static content, and that social media contributes to negative bias. A focus group viewed resumes and actors, rating nonverbal impressions as more accurate and confident. Content analyses found LinkedIn profiles lacked professionalism while Facebook had neutral-to-positive tones. Generally, nonverbal behavior provided stronger positive impressions than static content, but social media did not clearly induce negative impressions. Suggestions include separating experiments from focus groups and examining specific social media variables' effects.
How do Male & Female likely voters differ? Who is more likely to be using social media to research the candidates and who is more excited to vote? Find out!
My SGP is on Character Education. This Power Point/Keynote tells you what character education is, why it is needed, how it can help, and how some schools work character education into their lessons
The document discusses engaging the public through a "Big Society" initiative and encouraging singletons to bake cakes and spread love through a website called "Because Wh'its' Worth it." It mentions relying on the kindness of others and lists traits like compassion, generosity, goodness, and charity that the initiative aims to promote.
The document discusses online peer support groups for pregnancy loss and infant death, outlining the structure, function, history and evolution of such groups. It examines the benefits and challenges of online peer support, and how the online setting can impact individuals, interpersonal interactions, and groups. The document provides guidance for group leaders on establishing and facilitating online forums, including addressing potential obstacles and challenges.
Este villancico de Navidad fue escrito por los estudiantes de griego para desear a todos una Feliz Navidad. El villancico habla sobre el año viejo que se va y la llegada del nuevo año con regalos y alegría, mientras que los dolores del pasado duermen en el corazón. También expresa que aunque el año se vaya, los recuerdos y emociones compartidos siempre vivirán en sus corazones.
This document discusses morality and religion from an agnostic perspective. It argues that helping others and promoting love are good, while killing and separatism are rude. It also states that religion can provide purpose but should not be used to justify harming others or complacency. Overall, the document suggests morality and goodness are more important than religious views or proofs of God, and being true to oneself is an ongoing challenge.
The Tower of Hercules is a 57-meter tall lighthouse located in La Coruña, Spain that was built in the 1st century AD, making it the oldest lighthouse still in use. According to legend, the Greek hero Hercules defeated the giant Gerión near the tower's location. Another legend says that the Celtic king Breogán built a tall tower there so his sons could see Ireland, inspiring them to sail there and become the Celtic ancestors of the Irish people. The tower was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2009 due to its archaeological importance and connection to ancient mythology and legends.
The document outlines a marketing campaign called "Coro-thon" to generate awareness for the 50th anniversary of the TV show "Coronation Street" in late 2010. The campaign will involve online competitions to vote for favorite episodes and attend screenings in various UK cities. Marketing collateral will include videos featuring actors, banner ads, social media promotion, and emails. The goal is to increase viewership and drive merchandise sales through nostalgia and competitiveness.
Este documento presenta un catálogo de seres monstruosos que habitan en los infiernos, incluyendo a las Erinies, el Tártaro, las Moiras, Caronte, Cerbero, y Tánato. El documento fue realizado por Gemma Sánchez Ojeda.
This document summarizes depictions and statues of the mythical hero Hercules found throughout the Spanish region of Andalusia. It details representations of Hercules in each of Andalusia's provinces - Jaen, Cordoba, Seville, Huelva, Cadiz, Granada, Almeria, and Malaga. Many of the statues and depictions are housed in archaeological museums and date back to Roman times, highlighting the influence of Greek and Roman mythology in Andalusia.
Erasmus+ Project "Searching for the labours of Hercules"
Third transnational Meeting in Andújar
Description of Hercules images in the palace´s frescoes.
This document provides an overview of marketing management concepts. It discusses:
1) Procter & Gamble as a leading marketing company that spends $8.2 billion annually on advertising.
2) The importance of marketing in identifying and satisfying customer needs profitably through delivering superior value.
3) Core marketing concepts including needs, wants and demands; segmentation, targeting, and positioning (S.T.P.); branding; and the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion.
Learning to read Greek with Hercules - Leer Griego con HérculesMercedes Casuso
Heracles was sent to capture the Cretan Bull as one of his twelve labors. The Cretan Bull was a dangerous beast that was ravaging the island of Crete. After defeating the bull in combat, Heracles brought it back alive.
The document discusses several topics related to social psychology, including prejudice and discrimination, attraction and love, aggression, altruism, and cults. It defines key terms like prejudice, discrimination, in-groups and out-groups. For prejudice and discrimination, it describes theories like realistic conflict theory, scapegoating, and how stereotypes can become self-fulfilling prophecies. For attraction, it outlines factors like proximity, similarity, and reciprocity. It also discusses components of love and different forms of love. For aggression, it notes biological and social influences. It summarizes the famous Stanford prison experiment. For altruism, it describes the bystander effect and steps in making the decision to help. Finally
The document discusses a training session on cultural competency for educators. It aims to help educators examine how their own racial identity impacts their work, understand cultural proficiency, and develop practices that engage all students equitably. The training addresses assumptions of privilege, provides definitions and examples, and encourages self-reflection on issues of race, culture, and power through discussion and activities.
This document discusses four options for dealing with difficult or challenging social media content: withdrawal, isolation, limited individual expression, and acceptance. It then examines a potential fifth option of confrontation. The document provides practical advice on developing an advanced social media policy, determining the nature of problematic content, managing psychological responses, and reporting abusive content to the appropriate platforms or authorities. Overall, the document outlines strategies for coping with and responding to unwanted or concerning content online.
Melissa Terras discusses whether blogging and tweeting about research papers is worth a researcher's time. She outlines why researchers should communicate their work (to stay informed, build expertise and influence, and find funding), who their audience could be (other researchers, students, policymakers), and what they can communicate (new findings, expertise, and calls to action). Researchers can use various methods like blogs, social media, conferences, and more to tell people about their work in a short amount of time compared to undertaking the research itself.
MTML FINAL EChannel Webinar Creating Pathways of Learning Support for EO Clie...Kimberly Lansdowne
This document summarizes the key findings from a research project exploring how to better support Employment Ontario clients and learners with learning disabilities. The research included a literature review, focus groups, and expert consultations. Some of the main themes that emerged included: issues with social stigma and self-esteem related to learning disabilities; the complex interactions between learning disabilities and other issues like mental health problems, poverty, experiences of racism; and the barriers posed by a lack of diagnosis and accommodations. The research identified gaps in services and support for adults with learning disabilities and opportunities to improve practices, environments, and interventions across Employment Ontario programs.
Leadership Communication for effective organization .pptxIrshad Malik
The document discusses various aspects of effective communication as a leader. It emphasizes that leaders must communicate vision to inspire others, and that an open climate is essential for sharing vision. Good listening skills are also important for leaders, such as listening actively and fighting distractions. The document contrasts dialogic versus discussion-based communication, noting that dialogic communication can build shared meaning and transform mindsets. It stresses using rich communication channels like face-to-face interaction to establish personal connections when communicating as a leader.
This presentation takes 2-3 hours to deliver with plenty of discussion and exercises to explore different Professional Boundaries for staff and volunteers working with young people. This was tailored for staff at the Pestalozzi Village Trust but can be modified for a diverse range of teams
The document discusses engaging the public through a "Big Society" initiative and encouraging singletons to bake cakes and spread love through a website called "Because Wh'its' Worth it." It mentions relying on the kindness of others and lists traits like compassion, generosity, goodness, and charity that the initiative aims to promote.
The document discusses online peer support groups for pregnancy loss and infant death, outlining the structure, function, history and evolution of such groups. It examines the benefits and challenges of online peer support, and how the online setting can impact individuals, interpersonal interactions, and groups. The document provides guidance for group leaders on establishing and facilitating online forums, including addressing potential obstacles and challenges.
Este villancico de Navidad fue escrito por los estudiantes de griego para desear a todos una Feliz Navidad. El villancico habla sobre el año viejo que se va y la llegada del nuevo año con regalos y alegría, mientras que los dolores del pasado duermen en el corazón. También expresa que aunque el año se vaya, los recuerdos y emociones compartidos siempre vivirán en sus corazones.
This document discusses morality and religion from an agnostic perspective. It argues that helping others and promoting love are good, while killing and separatism are rude. It also states that religion can provide purpose but should not be used to justify harming others or complacency. Overall, the document suggests morality and goodness are more important than religious views or proofs of God, and being true to oneself is an ongoing challenge.
The Tower of Hercules is a 57-meter tall lighthouse located in La Coruña, Spain that was built in the 1st century AD, making it the oldest lighthouse still in use. According to legend, the Greek hero Hercules defeated the giant Gerión near the tower's location. Another legend says that the Celtic king Breogán built a tall tower there so his sons could see Ireland, inspiring them to sail there and become the Celtic ancestors of the Irish people. The tower was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2009 due to its archaeological importance and connection to ancient mythology and legends.
The document outlines a marketing campaign called "Coro-thon" to generate awareness for the 50th anniversary of the TV show "Coronation Street" in late 2010. The campaign will involve online competitions to vote for favorite episodes and attend screenings in various UK cities. Marketing collateral will include videos featuring actors, banner ads, social media promotion, and emails. The goal is to increase viewership and drive merchandise sales through nostalgia and competitiveness.
Este documento presenta un catálogo de seres monstruosos que habitan en los infiernos, incluyendo a las Erinies, el Tártaro, las Moiras, Caronte, Cerbero, y Tánato. El documento fue realizado por Gemma Sánchez Ojeda.
This document summarizes depictions and statues of the mythical hero Hercules found throughout the Spanish region of Andalusia. It details representations of Hercules in each of Andalusia's provinces - Jaen, Cordoba, Seville, Huelva, Cadiz, Granada, Almeria, and Malaga. Many of the statues and depictions are housed in archaeological museums and date back to Roman times, highlighting the influence of Greek and Roman mythology in Andalusia.
Erasmus+ Project "Searching for the labours of Hercules"
Third transnational Meeting in Andújar
Description of Hercules images in the palace´s frescoes.
This document provides an overview of marketing management concepts. It discusses:
1) Procter & Gamble as a leading marketing company that spends $8.2 billion annually on advertising.
2) The importance of marketing in identifying and satisfying customer needs profitably through delivering superior value.
3) Core marketing concepts including needs, wants and demands; segmentation, targeting, and positioning (S.T.P.); branding; and the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion.
Learning to read Greek with Hercules - Leer Griego con HérculesMercedes Casuso
Heracles was sent to capture the Cretan Bull as one of his twelve labors. The Cretan Bull was a dangerous beast that was ravaging the island of Crete. After defeating the bull in combat, Heracles brought it back alive.
The document discusses several topics related to social psychology, including prejudice and discrimination, attraction and love, aggression, altruism, and cults. It defines key terms like prejudice, discrimination, in-groups and out-groups. For prejudice and discrimination, it describes theories like realistic conflict theory, scapegoating, and how stereotypes can become self-fulfilling prophecies. For attraction, it outlines factors like proximity, similarity, and reciprocity. It also discusses components of love and different forms of love. For aggression, it notes biological and social influences. It summarizes the famous Stanford prison experiment. For altruism, it describes the bystander effect and steps in making the decision to help. Finally
The document discusses a training session on cultural competency for educators. It aims to help educators examine how their own racial identity impacts their work, understand cultural proficiency, and develop practices that engage all students equitably. The training addresses assumptions of privilege, provides definitions and examples, and encourages self-reflection on issues of race, culture, and power through discussion and activities.
This document discusses four options for dealing with difficult or challenging social media content: withdrawal, isolation, limited individual expression, and acceptance. It then examines a potential fifth option of confrontation. The document provides practical advice on developing an advanced social media policy, determining the nature of problematic content, managing psychological responses, and reporting abusive content to the appropriate platforms or authorities. Overall, the document outlines strategies for coping with and responding to unwanted or concerning content online.
Melissa Terras discusses whether blogging and tweeting about research papers is worth a researcher's time. She outlines why researchers should communicate their work (to stay informed, build expertise and influence, and find funding), who their audience could be (other researchers, students, policymakers), and what they can communicate (new findings, expertise, and calls to action). Researchers can use various methods like blogs, social media, conferences, and more to tell people about their work in a short amount of time compared to undertaking the research itself.
MTML FINAL EChannel Webinar Creating Pathways of Learning Support for EO Clie...Kimberly Lansdowne
This document summarizes the key findings from a research project exploring how to better support Employment Ontario clients and learners with learning disabilities. The research included a literature review, focus groups, and expert consultations. Some of the main themes that emerged included: issues with social stigma and self-esteem related to learning disabilities; the complex interactions between learning disabilities and other issues like mental health problems, poverty, experiences of racism; and the barriers posed by a lack of diagnosis and accommodations. The research identified gaps in services and support for adults with learning disabilities and opportunities to improve practices, environments, and interventions across Employment Ontario programs.
Leadership Communication for effective organization .pptxIrshad Malik
The document discusses various aspects of effective communication as a leader. It emphasizes that leaders must communicate vision to inspire others, and that an open climate is essential for sharing vision. Good listening skills are also important for leaders, such as listening actively and fighting distractions. The document contrasts dialogic versus discussion-based communication, noting that dialogic communication can build shared meaning and transform mindsets. It stresses using rich communication channels like face-to-face interaction to establish personal connections when communicating as a leader.
This presentation takes 2-3 hours to deliver with plenty of discussion and exercises to explore different Professional Boundaries for staff and volunteers working with young people. This was tailored for staff at the Pestalozzi Village Trust but can be modified for a diverse range of teams
The document discusses how young people use the internet as a source of information and advice. It notes that 4 out of 5 young people have used the internet to look for information and advice for themselves. It also discusses the pros and cons of online communities for young people, including issues around privacy, anonymity, and access to experts online. Finally, it considers different models for online youth information services, including using discussion boards, factsheets, and specialist input to provide advice and support to young people.
The document provides biographies of Deborah Brown and Peter Dean, who work for the Leaders By Design organization. It then outlines topics that will be covered in a workshop on developing skills for creating an inclusive workplace, including managing diversity and unconscious bias. Key exercises are described, such as the "Broken Squares" activity, that aim to demonstrate challenges of inclusion and ways to overcome them.
Learning Anxiety Disorder (LAD) is a new concept that emerged from one of my research projects. It is a derivative of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) which is LAD's parent notion. The formational components of LAD include unwarranted self-consciousness, misplaced ego, shyness, anxiety, nervousness, and phobia for socially involved learning.
The effects of LAD manifest in strong aversion for learning and evasion of anything having the form of socially-involved learning; also included are depleted interest in learning adventures, unsettling anxiety and nervousness that often result in significant diminution of cognitive abilities.
Kindly join in reviewing this presentation on the subject, but ensure you do it alongside the research report which examined in a little more details how the Personal Learning Environment (PLE) attributes of the e-learning framework can be effectively applied in dealing with the LAD challenges. It will be great to also know your thoughts and findings.
This document provides an agenda and materials for a two-day leadership communication skills training. Day one focuses on communication skills, understanding diversity, and cross-cultural communication. Day two focuses on feedback, coaching, and project teams. The document includes descriptions of skilled vs. unskilled communication, a helping relationship model, diversity definitions, cultural communication patterns, and a feedback and coaching model.
Implicit Bias Training for Stanford University Residential EducationStanford University
This session will specifically focus on implicit bias. Our facilitators will define implicit bias and provide examples of how implicit bias can often materialize in the form of microaggressions. In a problem-solution approach, our facilitators will define and provide examples of micro-affirmations that we can use in our work with one another and students to build and sustain positive relationships.
Facilitators Eric Abrams and Jessica Notini will be joined by an Resident Fellow, Dr. Emelyn dela Peña, and a member of our professional staff, Associate Dean Orlando T. White. Their collaboration represents one of many great Resident Fellow/pro staff partnerships we’ve seen since the fall and look to continue as we work together.
Implicit Bias training for Stanford Resident Fellows presented in April 2022 by Orlando White and Dr. Emelyn dela Peña for Residential Education in partnership with Vice Provost of Student Affairs (VPSA).
This document discusses the importance of questioning and democracy for effective leadership. It outlines benefits of questioning such as shaking conventional thinking and building community. Good leaders model questioning for their own ideas and others' ideas. They discuss the types of questions to ask and why. However, questioning challenges authority and the status quo, which some resist. True democracy requires continuous dialogue, empowering individuals, and diversity. Leaders must believe in democracy and use it to realize people's potential for the community. Examples show where democracy can work in public administration, sports, work, school and social groups.
This document discusses best practices for leading effective parent education meetings. It recommends conducting a needs assessment, respecting family culture and language, addressing real concerns in a culturally relevant way, and involving parents as part of the learning team. The document also provides examples of productive group discussion formats, roles that help or hinder group goals, and tips for establishing a positive atmosphere and arranging successful meetings.
This document discusses social deliberative skills and their measurement. It defines social deliberative skills as the capacity to deal productively with different perspectives through dialogue and deliberation. This includes skills like collaboration, problem solving, and knowledge building. The document outlines work supporting these skills online through tools and facilitation. It also discusses measuring these skills through human coding of dialogues and machine classification. Deeper exploration is needed of the definitions and constructs around social deliberative skills. The goal is to better define, support, measure and understand these important interpersonal and group skills.
This document summarizes a focus group study on high risk social media behaviors among female Quinnipiac University students. The study aimed to understand what behaviors students consider high risk and create awareness. Key findings included that sending nude/scandalous photos, cyberbullying, nudity/profanity, and drinking photos were seen as high risk. Students discussed being more cautious posting after drinking and removing past photos and names for future career prospects. The discussion concluded with students aware of social implications and wanting to delete past risky photos.
Project One Fall 2017Due date is October 25Scenario.docxbriancrawford30935
The document provides instructions for a project assignment for a database proposal for a small retail store. Students are asked to design tables, queries, forms, and reports for a database that would track customer, product, supplier, and sales information for the store. They must also write a business proposal justifying why the proposed database solution should be selected. The project is due on October 25.
This document discusses barriers to communication. It identifies 7 main types of barriers: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, fear of superiors, inappropriate media use, information overload, and too many transfer stations. Intrapersonal barriers are created within individuals and include wrong assumptions, varied perceptions, wrong inferences, and categorical thinking. Interpersonal barriers occur between people due to limited vocabulary, lack of nonverbal communication, selective communication, and poor listening skills. Organizational barriers disrupt workplace communication.
1. Online Peer Support Groups for Pregnancy Loss and Infant Death: Research Meets Real World CathiLammert, R.N. National Share Elizabeth A. Pector, M.D. Spectrum Family Medicine
2. The World in a Wide Web 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 2
3. Overview: What we’ll cover Structure, function, history, evolution of online support Benefits and limits of online peer support Effects of online setting on individual and group Leadership: establish & facilitate a forum Challenges of online support 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 3
5. Structure & Function Bereavement: 10% of all online groups Only health conditions (43%) & weight loss (13%) are more popular 23% of Yahoo loss groups are for child loss Demographics & use patterns Mainly: North American/European, young, women, loss of child, less religious 1 hour/day average use Fewer use chats than email groups 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 5
6. History & Evolution 1980s: Usenet Newsgroups 1990s: Listservs, Email lists, Boards/Forums, Virtual Environments, Chats 2000s: Social media/multimedia Blogs Myspace, Facebook, Twitter, etc. Skype/Vonage etc.: Virtual + F2F 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 6
7. Evolution: what’s new? New formats: social media, more interactive multimedia websites New technology (smart phones, Skype, digital video/photos, 3D ultrasound) New losses: fertility, multiples, prenatal diagnosis, fetal surgery “Global village”: age, racial, ethnic, social, spiritual, language diversity 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 7
9. Benefits of online groups Low cost, convenient 24/7 Empowerment Information, recognition Enhanced well-being, confidence, control Improved social & emotional support Less isolation, stress, depression, pain, health care utilization 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 9
10. Risks & Limits of online groups Miscommunication Privacy breach, identity theft, cyberstalking Information/email overload Inaccurate medical info, late diagnosis Crisis management NO effect on course of grief; little on health Adjunct to private counseling/F2F network 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 10
11. Effects of online setting on peer support 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 11
12.
13. Challenges online vs. F2F Online groups: members share deeply about sensitive topics, but are alone with emotions. F2F groups: nonverbal cues, greater depth & breadth of comments, more interaction A few can dominate; what does silence mean? Hard to schedule chats Fast-paced chats with “texting language.” Multiple threads or themes at once, concurrent private IM conversations. More conflict & negative peer ratings online. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 13
14. Challenges of culture Literacy: limited English or grammar; slang Cultural competence Respect differences Work to overcome barriers Understand cultural support systems Understand influence of culture on behaviors, health practices Understand cultural taboos on topics for discussion Expressions of religion/spirituality 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 14
16. Effects of online setting:Individual, Interpersonal, Group Relationship-building How individuals act and react online How interpersonal interactions occur online How individual & interpersonal effects impact group welfare How people integrate on- and offline relationships 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 16
18. Effects of Online Setting:Individual Personality affects narrative disclosure style Neurotic: self-focus, good-to-bad sequence, ruminative Conscientious: brief, factual, death words, less meaning Extraversion: “social” (support, intimacy, advice), growth Psychopathology: some unsuitable for group Psychosis (schizophrenia, bipolar in manic phase) Personality disorder (borderline, schizoid, factitious, extreme OCD) Actively suicidal/homicidal 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 18
19. Effects of Online Setting:Individual Gender may affect expression Women focus on emotion, men on info Less difference in mixed-gender groups Depression may be more prevalent in online group participants than general population. Individual may feel distress or optimism in reading stories, comparing self with others Some may feel discomfort in reading good-to-bad, “hopeless” posts 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 19
20. Effects of Online Setting:Interpersonal Nonverbal cues absent (lose up to 90% of meaning in communication) Possibility for misinterpretation of words Inaccurate mental image of peer Delayed response may be distressing Objectification of others Less consideration of peer’s state of mind Easy to express hostility toward a screen Rants, flames 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 20
21. Effects of Online Setting:Group Tone of group influenced by majority gender People at different places in grief Lay leaders emerge if no official leader Lurkers read, benefit, don’t contribute Group division: choosing sides for/against opinions or abusive/deceptive members. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 21
22. Theories of group function Yalom’s factors present online hope, universality, cohesiveness, catharsis, information, interpersonal learning, helping. Closed-end groups: Tuckman theory Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning (? Transforming) Open-end groups: people come and go, anonymous, invisible, lower commitment than face-to-face 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 22
23. Tuckman’s Theoryof Group Development 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 23 Performing Transforming or Adjourning Norming Storming Return toIndependence Forming Dependence/interdependence Independence Adapted from www.personal.kent.edu/~mhogue/I&G_12.ppt
24. Leadership 1: how tostart a group 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 24
25. Establishing an online group Decisions Structure: Forum/Board, email, chat Private vs. publicly accessible Multiple forums vs. one group Separate “pity party/venting” or off-topic Inclusion/exclusion criteria Find resources for those you DON’T serve 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 25
26. Establishing an online forum Software resources Website software: contact Webmaster Yahoogroups or Topica Free/fee forum software Online guides to establishing group Madara (link in resources at end) Grohol (link in resources at end) 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 26
27. Memorial Sites & Social Networking Memorial sites: angels, ultrasound Efforts to make the deceased child “real” Limits: angels imaginary; u/s biological Moms post > dads; for sons >for dtrs; messages to child; little gender difference. Deceased-user sites (Facebook) Posted “conversations” continue relationship Social support via community of grievers “Rubber-neckers”: distant or no relationship 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 27
29. Promoting your group How big do you want to be? Options include: Listing in “google groups” American Self-Help Group database, NORD (raredisorders.org) Conferences, f2f groups Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, topical websites/groups, and members. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 29
30. Ending a group Allow period for farewells Provide list of similar groups and non-group resources Encourage a suitable member to establish another group elsewhere Summarize positive growth in group over its tenure 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 30
32. Types of group leadership Designated leader/moderator In closed-end groups, often presents or directs discussion on a specific topic In open-end groups, may discuss specific topic or merely facilitate conversation Unmoderated Natural leaders emerge Natural leaders often mimic the skills of trained facilitators. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 32
33. Moderator knowledge base Coping process for your population Understand meaning of situation to parents Learn cultural proficiency, avoid stereotypes Perinatal psychology Grief for lack of expected outcome Signs of PPD, PTSD, Complex Grief Limits of group support: Peer groups do NOT provide psychotherapy! 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 33
35. Moderating online group Moderator roles and responsibilities Assess personal readiness to moderate Understand online interaction Establish guidelines/terms of service Monitor posts often Intervene when posts violate guidelines Encourage progress through grief 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 35
36. Are you a good moderator? Balanced between self and group needs Empathic, inclusive (good listener, positive attitude toward members) Strong, able to withstand conflict, emotion Flexible, creative in approach Impartial: support group agenda, not own. Focus on process, trust group & process Humor, and distance from own loss(es) 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 36
37. Pointers for Moderators (1) Openness (intimate/deep, intense, easier for embarrassing topics). Easy to share info Hard to identify & address hidden emotions Takes time to develop group, cohesion is a challenge, hard to deepen discussion (F2F in addition to online group enhances cohesion) Conflicts escalate quickly, hard to defuse Flirtatious, passive/aggressive, defensive behavior 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 37
38. Pointers for moderators (2) Member/moderator boundary blurred Moderator ignored; or member acts as mentor Dominating “self-designated helper” Hard to provide structure and focus Recognizing distress/risk & intervening—(later) Balancing individual/group needs Private warnings when guidelines are violated Discipline: temporary to permanent banishment Co-moderators in different locales a good idea Private chat between co-moderators 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 38
39. Sample guidelines The group is welcoming, supportive, and nonjudgmental. Moderators don’t intervene unless guidelines are violated. Everyone’s situation is unique. There’s no “right way” to cope. Don’t tell others how to cope. Do share what helped you. Everyone’s story is important. Not worse/better; different. We’d like you to share, but you don’t have to. We aim for equal time: please don’t dominate or interrupt. Respect differences: situations, opinions, feelings. Avoid flames, rants, personal attacks, obscenity. Be honest but careful. Some aren’t who they seem to be. If you suspect dishonesty or identity theft, tell moderator. Provide validating information on moderator request. Meet other members in public; notify someone of meeting. The group is for peer support, not professional therapy. Referrals to appropriate professionals may be available. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 39
41. Common challenges The Unseen & Uninvited Depression Distinguishing from grief Threats of self- or other-harm Disruption Deception 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 41
42. The Unseen & Uninvited Unseen: Lurker benefits, but less than active user Less social benefit Less satisfied Lurkers in health support groups are older, more recently diagnosed, lower mental well-being Uninvited: Facebook“Emotional Rubberneckers” Sometimes Appreciated, Sometimes Annoying Genuinely upset vs. seeking attention/voyeur Researchers, press, clinicians, “curious” 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 42
44. Depression vs. Grief 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 44 Adapted from Dyer, 2008; and Limbo & Wheeler, 1998.
45. Depression Threats of assault to self, others Suicidality--? Address in guidelines Assess risk: Plan? Means avail? Support? Consult local mental health professional (on-call advisor) or ER. Use local and online resources, refer to private counseling, call member’s ER, local police or 911. Consider a call to your own local police with info on email address, ISP provider, IP address. Homicidality/threat to partner, baby, others Psychiatrist duty to protect (Tarasoff) ? Moral “duty to intervene.” Assess threat, refer, warn victim if possible, notify police, protective services if possible, etc. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 45
46. Preventing suicide Background Suicidal people have distorted thinking, confusion, narrow perspective People with few social contacts who feel rejected and unsupported are at more risk Crises may trigger suicidal thinking, hopelessness Support from suicide-prevention sites & hotlines can reframe perspective 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 46
47. Preventing Suicide:Emotional First Aid Educate members on PPD, PTSD, depression Warm, empathic, nurturing, hopeful setting Stable moderator presence; check posts often If needed, give referrals to online suicide-prevention sites, hotlines, 1:1 chat help. (suicide.org, hopeline.com, samaritans.org) Anonymity important for helper & helped Respond privately to warnings (repeated death references—ask member to clarify) Delete posts that legitimize suicide 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 47
48. Preventing suicide:Sample guideline Abstracted sample from JourneyofHearts.org If you are feeling like harming yourself or someone else, or are feeling depressed, helpless or hopeless, Call 911, your local suicide hot-line, or Crisis Intervention line, located in the Yellow Pages, or contact the Samaritans via e-mail http://www.samaritans.org.uk/textonly.html/texthome.htmlThe Samaritans is a UK charity, founded in 1953, which exists to provide confidential emotional support to any person, who is suicidal or despairing… 24 hours every day by trained volunteers…. Call someone--a friend, or family member, your clergy or physician. Look in the Yellow pages under Counselors, Psychologists, Social Workers and Psychiatrists, if you feel you may need immediate professional assistance. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 48
49. After suicide or death Limit announcements/story (risk of contagion) Moderator may wish to only notify of death, not cause Start (balanced) memorial thread and/or page Don’t idealize/romanticize deceased or death Allow online ventilation for grief Share resources for grief after suicide or death Delete posts that legitimize/promote suicide Question: reveal identity of individual to group Question: conveying condolences to survivors Self-care for moderator important. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 49
51. Disruption (1): Broken rules Innocent Unaware of rule/custom (e.g. “no religion/politics”) Unaware of what might hurt (pregnancy mention) “I forgot” (? grief/depression effects on thinking) Troublesome revelations Deliberate Cyberstalking (individual, or vs. group purpose) http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbName=DocumentViewer&DocumentID=32458 Identity theft http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/microsites/idtheft/ Trolls & Fakers 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 51
52. Disruption (2) Personality, psychiatric or substance disorder Multiple complaints about a member Group welfare should not be sacrificed for 1 member Dismiss/ban/moderate; Debrief? (Watch confidentiality) Offer other support options to banned. Delete posts? Alternative lifestyle or expressions Anyone “different” from typical member Accommodate diversity without changing group Cliques within group; outside group or meetings Confront off-list. Minimize on-list attention. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 52
53. Deception (1) Deception: “Fun Fakers” and “Munchhausen by Modem” Clues: Facts don’t fit, “too good/bad to be true” Investigation: Truth may be stranger than fiction! Confrontation: private, then public Fraud Beware requests for money, baby stuff, photos Suspect: drama, complications, many kids/multiples Father sometimes unaware of faked pregnancy It is better to support a faker than to deny support to someone real—Maureen Boyle, MOST 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 53
54. Deception (2) Trolls may: cause irritation disrupt an online group, steal money, build false hopes, abuse children. 2 main types: people who have the psychological need to feel good by making others feel bad. people who pretend to be someone that they are not - they create personae that you think are real, but they know is fictitious. Source: teamtechnology.co.uk 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 54
55. Clues to trolls/fakers Posts duplicate material elsewhere on Internet (health sites) Characteristics of the “illness” are described as caricatures Near-fatal illness alternates with miraculous recovery Claims are fantastic, contradicted by later posts, or disproved Continual drama in poster’s life--when other members earn attention (Caution: Truth sometimes IS stranger than fiction!) Blasé attitude about crises Others writing on poster’s behalf (family, friends) have same text style. Lesson: members must balance empathy with circumspection. Source: Marc D. Feldman. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 55
56. Healing the Group How groups react to disruption/deception Emotions: angry, amused, sad, betrayed, hurt, afraid, violated, embarrassed, distrusting Perpetrator may: quit, claim innocence, get angry at group, or make fun of other members for gullibility Some groups break apart, or split into two camps Some still want to believe the deceiver Re-form & move on; may delete posts by perpetrator. Help remaining members react Limited in-group discussion; “take it outside.” 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 56
60. Future research Coping strategies & support for moderators who confront challenges Moderator support sites Social media and loss support Memorial sites, deceased-user sites Privacy risks with social media How online loss documents may affect parents or siblings in future 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 60
61. Summary Online groups began 30 years ago and continue to evolve Unique aspects of online setting affect interaction Moderators need new skills for online work—these enhance F2F work There are limited benefits, some risks, and manageable challenges. 11/6/10 Lammert and Pector PLIDA 2010 61
Stats from: Van derHouwen K, Stroebe M, Schut H, Stroebe W, van den Bout J. Online mutual support in bereavement: An empirical examination.
Fluid boundaries: many more varied individuals than similar in some groups.
For convenience, empowerment: Pector & Hsiung, Barak.For no effect on course of grief & use as adjunct to private counseling and f2f network: Van derHouwen K, StroebeM, Schut H, Stroebe W, van den Bout J. Online mutual support in bereavement: an empirical examination. Computers in Human Behavior 26(2010):1519-1525.Forte AL, Hill M, Pazder R, Feudtner C. Bereavement care interventions: a systematic review. BMC Palliative Care 2004;3:3. 1-14.Eysenbach G, Powell J, Englesakis M, Rizo C, Stern A. Health related virtual communities and electronic support groups: systematic review of the effects of online peer to peer interactions . BMJ 2004; 328 : 1166 .
Pector, Hsiung.Gary, J. Cultural and global linkages of emotional support through online support groups. In: Bloom JW and Walz GR, eds., Cybercounseling and Cyberlearning, An Encore. 2004, 219-245.Gary JM, Remolino L. Coping with loss and grief through on-line support groups. In: Bloom JW and Walz G, eds. Cybercounseling and Cyberlearning: Strategies and Resources for the Millenium. 2000. 95-113.
Bold white most important aspects. For moderators: the intimacy, anger & lack of nonverbal cues makes it hard to anticipate, and sometimes to recognize, problems. RE: Therapeutic writing: Pennebaker’s work since 1980s. Experimental therapeutic writing assignments with CBT principles: some have shown with therapeutic writing assignments improvement in PTSD and/or grief measures. Most recently: Van derHouwen K, Schut H, van den Bout J, Stroebe M, Stroebe W. The efficacy of a brief internet-based self-help intervention for the bereaved, Behaviour Research and Therapy (2010). In press. Writing decreased emotional loneliness & increased positive mood, but didn’t alter grief or depressive symptoms. Lurkers reviewed later in talk.
Owen JE, Bantum EO, Golant M. Benefits and challenges experienced by professional facilitators of online support groups for cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology 2009;18:144-155.Gary JM. Cultural and Global linkages of emotional support through online support groups.
Gary JM. Cultural and Global linkages of emotional support through online support groups. Gary JM, Remolino L. Coping with loss and grief through on-line support groups. In: Bloom JW and Walz G, eds. Cybercounseling and Cyberlearning: Strategies and Resources for the Millenium. 2000. 95-113.
Source: Wikipedia “Big Five Personality Traits”
Re: personality effects: some evidence that people in online groups may be more depressed than average. (Pector & Hsiung, Katherine Gold unpublished)Psychopathology: Yalom; Pector & HsiungDisclosure: Baddeley JL, Singer JA. Telling losses: personality correlates and functions of bereavement narratives. Journal of Research in Personality 2008;42:421-438. Conscientious: brief, factual, less meaning-making. Neuroticism: self-focused, negative, present-tense; Extraversion more socially oriented narratives.
People in online groups may be more depressed than average. (Pector & Hsiung)Gender: Musambira GW, Hastings SO, Bereavement, gender and cyberspace: a content analysis of parents’ memorials to their children. Omega 2006-2007;54(4):263-279.Mo PKH, Malik SH, Coulson NS. Gender differences in computer-mediated communication: a systematic literature review of online health-related support groups. Patient education and counseling 2009;75:16-24. Disclosure: Baddeley JL, Singer JA. Telling losses: personality correlates and functions of bereavement narratives. Journal of Research in Personality 2008;42:421-438.
References: Pector & Hsiung, Suler
References: Mo et al, Musambira et al for gender; Pector & Hsiung for lay leaders, group division. Van UdenKraan for lurkers.
Yalom ID, Leszcz M. The theory and practice of group psychotherapy, 5th edition. Basic Books, New York, 2005.
It takes more motivation to visit a forum or a scheduled chat rather than passively receiving email.
Capitulo KL. Perinatal grief online. MCN AM J Matern Child Nurs. 2004 Sep-Oct;29(5):305-11.Keane, H. Foetal personhood and representations of the absent child in pregnancy loss memorialization. Feminist Theory 2009;10:153. Musambira GW, Hastings SO, Bereavement, gender and cyberspace: a content analysis of parents’ memorials to their children. Omega 2006-2007;54(4):263-279.DeGroot J. Reconnecting with the dead via facebook: examining transcorporeal communication as a way to maintain relationships. Dissertation Ohio University 2009.Per DeGroot, the deceased-user sites play a role in the grief process. Other articles: Katims L. Grieving on Facebook: How the site helps people. Time, 1/5/10.Miller L. R.I.P. on Facebook: the uses and abuses of virtual grief. Newsweek, 2/17/10.Rankin B. Loss and Facebook: how social media affects grief. Beaumont Enterprise, 8/17/10.Van derLeun J, Using Facebook to Grieve, aolhealth.com, 7/23/10. Castro L, Gonzalez VM. After-life presence on Facebook: initial analysis of cases within the Mexican culture. Hieftje, K. The role of social networking sites as a medium for memorialization in emerging adults. Dissertation Indiana University 2010
Color scheme: Goldenrod is high-level function or high on the site. Magenta is the most functional “heart” of the site: info, & communication. Green is asynchronous communication. Yellow is crisis/synchronous. Yellow-green could be either (e.g. Q&A with guest), Blue is optional depending on degree of security desired at site. Forum and listservs would have archives.
Gary, J. Cultural and global linkages of emotional support through online support groups. In: Cybercounseling and Cyberlearning, An Encore. Bloom JW and Walz GR, eds., 2004, 219-245.MadaraGrohol
Technology: Madara, Grohol, Yalom ID, Leszcz M. The theory and practice of group psychotherapy, 5th edition. Basic Books, New York, 2005.
Gary, JM. Cultural and global linkages of emotional support through online support groups. Personal observations in online groups.
Gary, J. Cultural and global linkages of emotional support through online support groups. In: Cybercounseling and Cyberlearning, An Encore. Bloom JW and Walz GR, eds., 2004, 219-245.MadaraGrohol
Source: Cancer support groups: A Guide for Facilitators, Australian Government, 2008.
Owen JE, Bantum EO, Golant M. Benefits and challenges experienced by professional facilitators of online support groups for cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology 2009;18:144-155.
Owen JE, Bantum EO, Golant M. Benefits and challenges experienced by professional facilitators of online support groups for cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology 2009;18:144-155.Personal experience of presenters; Pector & Hsiung.
Guidelines: adapted from SHARE and Pector & Hsiung.
Van Uden-Kraan CF, Drossaert CHC, Taal E, Seydel ER, van de Laar MAFJ. Self-reported differences in empowerment between lurkers and posters in online patieint support groups. JMIR 2008;10(2):e18.Pector & HsiungDeGroot J. Reconnecting with the Dead via Facebook. Dissertation, 2009.
Dyer K. “Is it Normal Grief or Depression?” http://www.suite101.com/content/am-i-grieving-or-depressed-a51242, April 2008.
Pector & Hsiung, based on discussion with online counselors in ISMHO discussion group, 2009.Tarasoff: http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug05/jn.html
Gilat I, Shahar G. Suicide prevention by online support groups: an action theory-based model of emotional first aid. Archives of suicide researc 2009;13(1):52-63.
Gilat I, Shahar G. Suicide prevention by online support groups: an action theory-based model of emotional first aid. Archives of suicide researc 2009;13(1):52-63.
Journeyofhearts.org, Kirsti Dyer’s site.
Hsiung RC. A suicide in an online mental health support group: reactions of the group members, administrative responses, and recommendations. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 2007;10(4):495-500.Pector impression: protect confidentiality of group and of what was shared in group prior to death; terminate online access via the deceased’s account login. Express sorrow to family in rather generic terms, emphasizing positive aspects of the deceased.
http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbName=DocumentViewer&DocumentID=32458 on Cyberstalking from National Center for Victims of Crime.FTC on identity theft
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.html?_r=1&oref=slogin New York Times, “The Trolls Among Us.”http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/troll.htm Beware the Troll. http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/troll-tactics.html Tactics used by Trolls.