Product Line Economics:
Markets, Products, Reuse Potential --- how to benefit from PL and when not to do it..
These are the slides for a course at JKU Linz. It gives a short (<1 hour) overview of various aspects of the business aspects of Product Line Engineering (PLE) ranging from incentives to do PLE, factors that impact the decision all the way to when not to do PLE.
Minicourse - RiPLE : The RiSE Process for Product Line EngineeringVanilson Buregio
Minicourse at III SBCARS (Simpósio Brasileiro de Componentes, Arquiteturas e Reutilização de Software), 2009, Natal, Brazil
Software Product Lines (SPL) is an important and effective way to obtain the benefits related to software reuse such as quality improvement, cost reduction, and improvements in time-to-market. However, in order to be effective and introduced in a company several issues should be considered such as tools, training, top management commitment, and, specially, a well defined process. In this tutorial, we will present the main ideas involving SPL and an initial process which involves activities related to scoping, requirements engineering, design, implementation, testing, and evolution.
September 25th, the Ambassadors of Innovation network convened at the Philips Museum in Eindhoven. Philips Innovation Services, Industry Consulting, hosted the meeting with 45 participants from inside and outside Philips.
Topic of this network event was Product and Business Architectures.
- Paul Hissel, Senior Consultant at Industry Consulting kicked off, moving into the reasons why architectures for products and businesses are becoming more important. Speed, complexity and variety drive the business and product architectures can accommodate that.
- Menno de Jonge, Innovation Manager at Ballast Nedam continued with his presentation on modular structures Ballast Nedam is using, e.g. to build housing modules in factory settings, to build, disassemble and reassemble parking garages and even football stadiums for the 2022 World Cup.
- Leon van de Pas, General Manager Connected Lamps at Philips Lighting then presented how the hue lighting system is built up and how it has become such as success, e.g. by using the Apple store to launch and an open API which engaged more than 10,000 developers world wide.
Participants had the opportunity to write down questions for each of the presenters, and after some clustering these were discussed in a forum setting to close off the formal part. Then the networking continued in the Philips Museum café.
For more information on Architectures feel free to contact l.h.hissel@philips.com.
Web CMS vs. Custom applications - different approachesPerttu Tolvanen
This presentation offers you examples and tips in choosing whether to build your custom application on top of Web CMS or to do it as a stand-alone custom application (built using some framework).
Product Lines and Ecosystems: from customization to configurationAdaCore
Digitalization is concerned with a fundamental shift in value delivery to customers from transactional to continuous. For R&D this requires adopting processes such as DevOps and continuous deployment. Systems engineering companies using platforms need to adjust their ways of working and be cognisant of the role of the ecosystem surrounding them to capitalize on this transformation. The keynote talk will discuss these developments and provide industrial examples from Software Center, a collaboration between 17 large, international companies and five universities with the intent of accelerating the digital transformation of the European software intensive industry.
Minicourse - RiPLE : The RiSE Process for Product Line EngineeringVanilson Buregio
Minicourse at III SBCARS (Simpósio Brasileiro de Componentes, Arquiteturas e Reutilização de Software), 2009, Natal, Brazil
Software Product Lines (SPL) is an important and effective way to obtain the benefits related to software reuse such as quality improvement, cost reduction, and improvements in time-to-market. However, in order to be effective and introduced in a company several issues should be considered such as tools, training, top management commitment, and, specially, a well defined process. In this tutorial, we will present the main ideas involving SPL and an initial process which involves activities related to scoping, requirements engineering, design, implementation, testing, and evolution.
September 25th, the Ambassadors of Innovation network convened at the Philips Museum in Eindhoven. Philips Innovation Services, Industry Consulting, hosted the meeting with 45 participants from inside and outside Philips.
Topic of this network event was Product and Business Architectures.
- Paul Hissel, Senior Consultant at Industry Consulting kicked off, moving into the reasons why architectures for products and businesses are becoming more important. Speed, complexity and variety drive the business and product architectures can accommodate that.
- Menno de Jonge, Innovation Manager at Ballast Nedam continued with his presentation on modular structures Ballast Nedam is using, e.g. to build housing modules in factory settings, to build, disassemble and reassemble parking garages and even football stadiums for the 2022 World Cup.
- Leon van de Pas, General Manager Connected Lamps at Philips Lighting then presented how the hue lighting system is built up and how it has become such as success, e.g. by using the Apple store to launch and an open API which engaged more than 10,000 developers world wide.
Participants had the opportunity to write down questions for each of the presenters, and after some clustering these were discussed in a forum setting to close off the formal part. Then the networking continued in the Philips Museum café.
For more information on Architectures feel free to contact l.h.hissel@philips.com.
Web CMS vs. Custom applications - different approachesPerttu Tolvanen
This presentation offers you examples and tips in choosing whether to build your custom application on top of Web CMS or to do it as a stand-alone custom application (built using some framework).
Product Lines and Ecosystems: from customization to configurationAdaCore
Digitalization is concerned with a fundamental shift in value delivery to customers from transactional to continuous. For R&D this requires adopting processes such as DevOps and continuous deployment. Systems engineering companies using platforms need to adjust their ways of working and be cognisant of the role of the ecosystem surrounding them to capitalize on this transformation. The keynote talk will discuss these developments and provide industrial examples from Software Center, a collaboration between 17 large, international companies and five universities with the intent of accelerating the digital transformation of the European software intensive industry.
CMS battle between Drupal and EPiServer.
Summary:
If online service is your core business, Drupal is a strong platform for accelerating your own type of development—even a very unique and magnificent one. It is no coincidence that media companies are big players in the Drupal camp. Drupal's model is also well applicable to extremely multi-channel publishing and performance.
If your online service is primarily sales and marketing oriented, EPiServer's product features should get you excited. Web teams producing multi-language marketing sites, in particular, should consider EPiServer as a power tool.
This webinar discusses the fundamentals of Product Manager and Product Owner Role in Agile Teams.
What does a product manager do, and how does this change with agile? Is a product owner different from a product manager? How do up-front requirements relate to customer showcases and frequent user feedback? Rich Mironov will take us through what development managers should know about agile product management.
Original copy at https://www.synerzip.com/webinar/agile-product-management-basics/
If your company has reached a growth plateau, margins are under pressure, you've lost your innovative edge, this is a great book for you. This presentation summarizes some of the key points about core vs. context, types of innovation, resource extraction and redeployment, organizational alignment, and more. Hope this is helpful as an overview, Geoffrey Moore's book is the best resource.
NRB MAINFRAME DAY 03 - Toine Straathof - Legacy compute: modernisation is not...NRB
In this presentation you will learn about one of the hardest parts of IT transformations: a successful application modernisation approach. After only 50 years of IT experience we are in the rather slow learning curve of how to modernise our IT. The "just start over" approach has proven to be a nightmare in many cases. We arrived in an ongoing struggle between modernisation and legacy, mainframe versus cloud, stability versus agility. Learn where to start and how to create a step-by-step approach towards successful application modernisation. Spoiler alert: do not write off your legacy applications too soon...
The shorter version of these slides was presented at Amuse UX 2015 Special Meetup (Budapest, Hungary) — http://www.meetup.com/UXbudapest/events/225944151/.
Max Poliashenko - Enterprise Product Architectureiasaglobal
Enterprise Product Architecture(EPA) is a new kid on the block that hasn't been established as well nor even well understood by industry analysts, yet it may be crucial for software product companies. EPA combines methods and governance models of EA however directed at customer facing solution or software products which gives it a distinctly different set of concerns and techniques.
Intro to Product Management and Business Model Canvas (BMC)Mulyadi Oey
A set of slides that I had used to describe what Product Management in general is and how to utilize Business Model Canvas (BMC) to help organizations / startups in finding their product-market fit.
PLM is about “managing products across their lifecycles”, and it applies to any company with a product. It applies to all sizes of companies, ranging from large multinational corporations to small and medium enterprises. It’s applied across a
wide range of industrial sectors including aerospace, apparel, automotive, beverage,consumer goods, construction equipment, defence, electrical engineering, electronics, food, life sciences, machinery, machine tool, mechanical engineering,medical equipment, pharmaceutical, plastics, shipbuilding, shoe, software, transportation and turbine.
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CMS battle between Drupal and EPiServer.
Summary:
If online service is your core business, Drupal is a strong platform for accelerating your own type of development—even a very unique and magnificent one. It is no coincidence that media companies are big players in the Drupal camp. Drupal's model is also well applicable to extremely multi-channel publishing and performance.
If your online service is primarily sales and marketing oriented, EPiServer's product features should get you excited. Web teams producing multi-language marketing sites, in particular, should consider EPiServer as a power tool.
This webinar discusses the fundamentals of Product Manager and Product Owner Role in Agile Teams.
What does a product manager do, and how does this change with agile? Is a product owner different from a product manager? How do up-front requirements relate to customer showcases and frequent user feedback? Rich Mironov will take us through what development managers should know about agile product management.
Original copy at https://www.synerzip.com/webinar/agile-product-management-basics/
If your company has reached a growth plateau, margins are under pressure, you've lost your innovative edge, this is a great book for you. This presentation summarizes some of the key points about core vs. context, types of innovation, resource extraction and redeployment, organizational alignment, and more. Hope this is helpful as an overview, Geoffrey Moore's book is the best resource.
NRB MAINFRAME DAY 03 - Toine Straathof - Legacy compute: modernisation is not...NRB
In this presentation you will learn about one of the hardest parts of IT transformations: a successful application modernisation approach. After only 50 years of IT experience we are in the rather slow learning curve of how to modernise our IT. The "just start over" approach has proven to be a nightmare in many cases. We arrived in an ongoing struggle between modernisation and legacy, mainframe versus cloud, stability versus agility. Learn where to start and how to create a step-by-step approach towards successful application modernisation. Spoiler alert: do not write off your legacy applications too soon...
The shorter version of these slides was presented at Amuse UX 2015 Special Meetup (Budapest, Hungary) — http://www.meetup.com/UXbudapest/events/225944151/.
Max Poliashenko - Enterprise Product Architectureiasaglobal
Enterprise Product Architecture(EPA) is a new kid on the block that hasn't been established as well nor even well understood by industry analysts, yet it may be crucial for software product companies. EPA combines methods and governance models of EA however directed at customer facing solution or software products which gives it a distinctly different set of concerns and techniques.
Intro to Product Management and Business Model Canvas (BMC)Mulyadi Oey
A set of slides that I had used to describe what Product Management in general is and how to utilize Business Model Canvas (BMC) to help organizations / startups in finding their product-market fit.
PLM is about “managing products across their lifecycles”, and it applies to any company with a product. It applies to all sizes of companies, ranging from large multinational corporations to small and medium enterprises. It’s applied across a
wide range of industrial sectors including aerospace, apparel, automotive, beverage,consumer goods, construction equipment, defence, electrical engineering, electronics, food, life sciences, machinery, machine tool, mechanical engineering,medical equipment, pharmaceutical, plastics, shipbuilding, shoe, software, transportation and turbine.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just what'sapp this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
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Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
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2. Ziele
Goals of the Lecture
• Understand the importance of a business perspectives on SE
– relation to company strategy
• Understand cost vs. benefits of PLE
• Scoping as a form of targeting
• When not to do PLE?
Note: This is just an overview of some topics / aspects,
we will not present detailed methods
1
3. Ziele
A few words about me.
• Studied computer science
• ~10 years Fraunhofer IESE
• Interest in business aspects
• Ph.D. in the area of product line scoping
• Professor software engineering
• GC, SC member/chair SPLC
• Rarely, doing some consulting
(mostly on PLE)
2
4. Ziele
Product Line Economics
Company success: costs vs. revenue
Good software engineering ≠ company success
cost reduction more products
↯
This is overly simplistic, but a starting point
3
5. Ziele
Goals of the Lecture
• Understand the importance of a business perspectives on SE
– relation to company strategy
• Understand cost vs. benefits of PLE
• Scoping as a form of targeting
• When not do it.
Note: This is just an overview of some topics / aspects, we
will not present detailed methods
4
6. Ziele
Cost reduction as a PLE benefit
# products
effort
traditional
development
approaches
Initial
Invest-
ment
(big-bang)
product line
development
Break-Even
incremental product
line adoption
• Product line engineering saves beyond the break-even point (often 2-5 (~3) products
→ Big Bang is best?
• Incremental approaches help to
– address risks by catering for agility, but are in total potentially less efficient
– avoid being late to the market ; missed revenue / customers
5
7. 6
• Initially created in 1996:
– develop IT-solution (inventory management system) for a large
warehouse;
all new development team, little experience on how such systems look
– expand to other warehouses of the same mother company
– start to create management systems for joint venture
– …
– become independent company for inventory management systems that
has a systematic product line
Example (incremental adoption)
maxxess Systemhaus, today: BISON Deutschland
9. 8
• Initially created in 1999:
– Company with a lot of experience on finance information systems (since
late eighties and very good contacts in banking)
– Decision to create a new product line for „web-based finance-information
systems“
• New small group with experience in web-technologies
• Stealth mode development (product line infrastructure) for 1.5 years
• Motivator: once on the market → be fast
• Enabler: a lot of expertise and contacts in the banking domain
Example (Bing Bang adoption)
market maker Software AG; today: vwd GmbH
11. 10
Where do PLE costs come from?
1. Adapt the
organisation: Corg
Product Line Infrastructure
2. Built the product line infra-
structure (core-asset base): Ccab
3. Build product-
specific parts:
Cunique
4. Re-use
common parts:
Creuse
Four
constituents
K. Pohl, G. Böckle, F. van der
Linden, Software Product Line
Engineering: Foundations,
Principles and Techniques.
Springer, 2005.
This can provide basis for ROI / DCF
calculation (see also simple model):
))
i
(p
reuse
C
)
n
1
i i
(p
unique
(C
cab
C
org
C
13. 12
Two (major) modes:
A. market-driven – standardized products, products aim at specific
„market segments“
B. customer-driven – one product per customer
C. combinations exist (standardized basis, but individual systems are
tailored to customers)
Understanding companies
Note:
• In customer-driven mode: revenue scales linearly with products
• In market-driven mode additional products lead to diminishing returns
(product line cannibalization)
14. 13
Marketed (Software) Product Line:
A set of products that are marketed together as sharing a common set of
concepts or features.
Note:
• the definition is independent of the engineering approach
Example: different WiSo-products
Engineered (Software) Product Line:
A set of products that are engineered together so as to share major parts of
their implementation.
Note:
• this definition is independent of the marketing of the product line!
• products may belong to different marketed product lines
Example: different navigation systems by a producer, some may be sold
under different brands
Engineering product lines
special case:
hierarchical PL
15. 14
Market Strategies [Por99+KB01]
• cost leadership – the company aims at providing the product at the
lowest possible cost
• differentiation – the products of the company differ by a certain
aspect (e.g., service, brand name, etc.) from the products of the
competition
• focusing – the company focuses on a specific niche (providing better
products / service there)
• faster – the company creates new products faster
Company strategies
PLE typically
positive
PLE may be positive
PLE may be positive
PLE is (initially),
later positive
16. 15
Why do companies use PLE?
• Decrease the development effort per product
• Decrease the time to market per product
• Keep time to close customer issues constant (i.e., not proportional to the
number of products)
• Achieve higher product quality
• Standardize user interfaces
• Address labor shortages (decrease development effort)
• Decrease the time for certification per product
• …
Expected benefits of PLE
Option Value
17. 16
The relation between effort / time to market (TTM) / revenue is messy..
• The relation between effort and time to market is not 1:1
– depends on overall project pressure (available stuff)
– churn in the market
– ..
• The relation between TTM and revenue is also not easy
Revenue dependencies
Entry Time
R
e
v
enue
s
mature market
R
evenues
innovative market
Entry Time
Δ revenue
18. Ziele
Scoping aims at
• identifying an optimal product set for the PL
• identifying optimal parts of the product line for reuse
17
19. 18
• Product Portfolio
– Which products?
– Which features?
– Product Portfolio Management (marketing science)
• Domains (conceptual units)
– What should be considered part of a domain?
– What`s in / what`s out?
– Domain Scoping (domain engineering)
• Assets
– What should be made reusable?
– Asset Scoping (product line engineering)
Types of scoping
They are all complex
in their right.
20. 19
• Typically strongly manual
• Only few methods
• some include quantitative elements (e.g., optimize in relation to costs)
• mostly qualitative (e.g., based on assessment methods)
Scoping methods
– Maturity
– Stability
– Organizational Constraints
– Resource Constraints
– Market Potential (Internal)
– Market Potential (External)
– Commonality / Variability
– Coupling and Cohesion
– Existing Assets
Viability
Dimensions
Benefit
Dimensions
Example factors
influencing
reuse potential
22. 21
• Being able to offer variability is good?
• We heard about diminishing returns of variation (PL cannibalization)
BUT: Sometimes variability is bad!
The benefits of PLE
23. 22
In the late 90s and early 2000 NOKIA was THE mobile phone
company
• widely admired for the usability of its phones
• extremely competent in PLE (hundreds of product versions per
year)
• Offered:
– app store
– touch control
– smart phone capabilities
in different phones!
Nokia
• Offered programming interfaces: no two phones offered the same set!
• Some companies made it a business to enable “applications” to work
on multiple phones
24. 23
• Phones at that time were thought of as products, not product
platforms / core of an ecosystem
• Developers were not regarded as important stakeholders in the
ecosystem!
Paradigm shift: the smartphone as a
compute platform!
• 1 model at a time
• developer friendly:
create once, run everywhere
• Developers HATE variability they need to take care off
The paradigm shift
In January 2007 the first iphone came out, Nokia had about 50%
of the market; in 2012 Nokia was below 3% world-wide
credits:
Matthew Yohe
en.wikipedia
25. 24
• Good platforms provide the basis for a software ecosystem
• Development partners in the ecosystem value if they can develop
once and run everywhere
• Users in an ecosystem value if they can learn s.th. once and can
always work with it
Android as an ecosystem
• Initially, a lot of variability possible (different phone makers), but
they are trying to improve on that.
Platforms as a core in an ecosystem
In ecosystems any explicit variability is disadvantageous!
If the business model of your ecosystems requires platform
variability, try to hide it or provide tools to cope with it
26. Ziele
Summary
Software Engineering (including PLE) is a large toolbox.
Understanding when each can be used beneficially
relative to a (business) context is as important as being
able to competently apply them.
25