Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are essential industrial computers that automate control functions in various industries, evolving from simple relay systems to advanced microprocessor-based units. Key components include a power supply, I/O modules, processors, and programming devices, with programming languages like ladder logic offering varied advantages for control applications. Despite their benefits such as reliability and flexibility, PLCs also face challenges like proprietary devices and limited design options but remain crucial for modern industrial automation.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO
REAL TIME
APPLICATION
OF PLC

2. .
INTRODUCTION TO PLCS
PLC is an industrial computer designed for
multiple inputs and output arrangements . It is
capable of storing the instructions to implement
control functions such as sequencing ,timing
counting arithmetic ,data manipulation and
communication.

3. The evolution of PLC technology has
revolutionized industrial automation.
From simple relay-based systems to
advanced microprocessor-controlled
units, PLCs have become indispensable
in controlling complex industrial
processes.
EVOLUTION OF PLC
TECHNOLOGY

4. COMPONENTS OF A PLC

5. COMPONENTS OF A PLC
POWER SUPPLY
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components.
I/O MODULES
Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logic-
level signals inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal.
PROCESSOR
Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the
entire PLC systems.
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
Used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence
of operation and control of process equipment or driven machine.

6. PLC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
PLCs can be programmed using various
languages such as ladder logic, function
block diagrams, and structured text.
Each language overs unique
advantages in expressing control logic
and is suited for different
applications.

7. PLC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
LADDER LOGIC
Ladder logic is a programming language . Ladder Logic used to develop software for PLC
used for control applications in Industry.

8. PLC COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS
Interface Standards and Devices
Two interface standards and one interface device are mentioned
below:
USB:
USB, or Universal Serial Bus, is an interface standard. It is used for point-to-
point
connections for a wide variety of purposes, such as between a mouse or
printer and a
computer.
USB 3.0 allows communications at up to 5 GiGa bytes per second (Gbps) .
USB 4.0 supports 40 Gbps communications. USB has replaced the much older
and
slower RS-232 interface, which was used on legacy computers.
RS-485:
RS-485 is an interface standard for data communications that allows data
transmission speeds of up to 1 megabit per second (1 Mbps) on a 100 meter
cable.
Data communications speed varies inversely with the total length of an RS-
485 cable.

9. PLCs are widely used in various industries
including manufacturing, automotive,
energy,and pharmaceuticals.They control
processes such as assembly lines, robotic
operations, material handling, and quality
control.
Fewexamplesofindustries where PLCs are
used:
1)Robots manufacturing and control
2)Carpark control
3)T
raincontrol station system
4)Food processing
5)Materials handling
6)Machine tools
7)Conveyersystem etc
PLC APPLICATIONS

10. ADVANTAGES OF PLCS
• Reliability .
• Flexibility in programming and reprogramming.
• Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
• Small physical size.
• High speed of operation.
• Ease of maintenance /troubleshooting.
• Reduced space .
• Energy saving.

11. DISADVANTAGE
OF PLC
• PLC devices are proprietary it
means that part or software of
one manufacturer can’t be used
in combination with parts of
another manufacturer.
• Limited design and cost option.
• Fixed Circuit Operations.
• PLCs manufacturers offer only
closed architectures.

12. Basic PLC Program Which we would be
Doing.

13. CASE STUDIES

14. BEST PRACTICES IN PLC IMPLEMENTATION
Adopting best practices in PLC
implementation, including thorough
testing, documentation, and training, is
essential to ensure the successful
integration and operation of PLCs in
industrial environments.

15. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, PLCs play a pivotal role in modern industrial
automation, o ering unparalleled control capabilities and driving
operational e ciency. As industries continue to evolve, PLC
technology will remain at the forefront of innovative solutions for
complex control and monitoring tasks.