The document provides guidance on planning and design for rural water supply projects to provide potable water to every rural household under the Jal Jeevan Mission. It outlines the key stages in design development including data collection, demand assessment, infrastructure mapping, source selection, design options analysis, and design development. Key aspects of design covered include population projection, hydraulic modeling, material selection, cost estimation, and transitioning the project to a public utility for long-term operation and maintenance.

1. Planning and design for assured potable
water to every rural household
Shri Rana R K Singh
Team Lead PMU- PHE
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
19 December, 2020
New Delhi
Jal Jeevan Mission

2. Design development process
Planning and
Design
Development
Stage
Data collection & Site Investigation
• Baseline Study
• Topographical Survey
• Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Survey
Population forecast
Water demand assessment
Study of existing
infrastructure
• Service level benchmarks
• GIS mapping of existing
infrastructure
• Conditional assessment
• Gap analysis
Selection of source
• Quality
• Quantity
• Sustainability
Alternative analysis
of options based on
project life cycle cost
Tender &
Award of work
Design Development
• Concept planning
• Preliminary Design
• Detailed Design
• Technical specification
• Cost Estimate
• Tender document

3. Baseline data
• Data Collection
• Data Validation
• Data Analysis
Institutions details : Schools, Anganwadi, GP, PHC etc.
Demographic Profile : Village, Habitation, Households, Population
Livelihood : Livestock, agriculture, small industries
Meteorological Data : Temperature, Rainfall, Cyclones
Local resource : Electricity, construction material, SOR, market rate
Local best practices : RWH, ground water recharge, grey water management
Source of water : Surface water , Ground water, Any other source
Existing infrastructure : Intake, handpump, borewell, reservoir, WTP, pipe line etc.
Documents : VAPs/ DAP/SAP, Toposheets, HGM , water quality test report

4. Site surveys and investigations
• Landforms: Plain, hills, valley, forest etc.
• Water Sources :Spring, stream, river, natural lake/ ponds,
• Existing Infrastructure :
Property boundary, road, electrical lines, reservoir, treatment
works, pipelines, drainage etc.
Hydrogeological
Survey
Topographical
Survey
• Physical characteristic of soils/ rocks
• Soil bearing capacity
• Type of foundation for proposed structures
Geotechnical Survey
• Aquifer details
• Yield of ground water
• Depth of bore well

5. Population projection and water demand
Population projection
Based on census data for at least last 3 decades
 Base year : Proposed year for completion of scheme
 Intermediate year : Base year + 15 yrs.
 Ultimate design year : 30 yrs.
Water demand
 Residential (Households) : 55 lpcd
 Institutional ( Schools/ Anganwadi/ Public buildings) : 45 lpcd
 Livestock : As per requirement
 Losses : 15%

6. Typical rural water supply system
Zone-1
Higher Elev.
Zone-2
Lower Elev.

7. Design approach for retrofitting of existing schemes
Source Augmentation
Ground water recharge/ alternative source
Is Source
Sustainable for
design period ?
Existing Water Source
(Surface/ Ground/ other)
Is Total
Water
Demand
meeting?
Source
sustainability Okay
for design period
Check the capacity/ condition existing
pumps . Replace / add pumps as per
projected demand
Whether
Reservoir
Capacity and
condition is
Ok?
Repair / Add
New reservoir Check Design of Distribution Network
and replace the pipes as per hydraulic
design
Extend existing network for last mile
connectivity to provide FHTC
Community to operate and maintain the
system
Replicate this for
Other Habitations
Data Collection , Site survey & Conditional
assessment
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes

8. Hydro Geo Morphological (HGM) Map

9. Assessment of water availability
Source
No. of
sources
Total annual
availability of
water (Lit)
Seasonal availability
(Mark Yes if available )
Quality Of
Water
(Safe/ Unsafe)
Summer Winter Monsoon
Surface Water
• Pond/Lake
• Spring/ Stream/
River
Ground Water
• Hand Pump
• Open Well
• Bore Well
Other
• External piped
supply
• Any Other (RWH/
Grey water re-use

10. GIS mapping of existing & proposed infrastructure

11. Infrastructure gap analysis
Components Required Existing Gap Remarks
No. of HH Tap Connections
XX No. Tap connections
can be provided from
existing PWS
No. of Stand Posts NA To be used as back-up
No. of hand pumps/
borewells
Can be used as dual Solar
Pump
Storage Reservoir Capacity
(Litre)
(ESR/ GSR/ Sump)
Existing reservoir in good
condition.
Reservoir to be repaired
Treatment Plant Capacity Additional capacity
Pump To be replaced (Yes/No)
Pipe Length
(Día and Material wise)
Any other infrastructure

12. Design period
Components Design period in year
Storage by dams 50
Source intake 30
Pump house (Civil works) 30
Electro-mechanical Equipment 15
Water Treatment Unit (Civil Works) 30
Reservoirs 30
Pipe network 30

13. Design criteria
Parameters Value
Minimum velocity 0.6 m/sec
Maximum velocity 2.5 m/sec
Peak design factor (depending on population) 2 to 3
Minimum pressure at consumer end 7 m
Frictional co-efficient As per pipe material
Minimum pipe cover 1.0 m
Maximum head loss in pipe 5 m/Km

14. Pipe material selection (1/2)
Type of Pipe Salient Features Recommendation
Medium and High-
density
polyethylene
(MDPE/ HDPE)
• Flexible and available on long rolls
• Less no. of joints
• Easy in jointing , laying
• Corrosion resistance
• Resistance to cold temperature
• Low cost
Preferred in underground
gravity system – Plain /
Hilly and Cold region
Pipe classification to be
decided based on pressure
requirement
Polyvinylchloride
(UPVC)
• UPVC is ductile at 20°C, brittle at very low
temperatures (e.g. lower than -10°C) and with
prolonged exposure to sunlight.
• UPVC have thinner walls and are more prone to
accidental breakage.
• Low cost
Not recommended for
mains and distribution
main

15. Pipe material selection (2/2)
Type of Pipe Salient Features Recommendation
Metallic Pipe
(Ductile Iron/ MS)
• Metallic pipes are resilient
• Pipes made from iron or steel are prone to
corrosion, although various coatings can be applied
to minimise the effects.
• Metal pipes are strong
• High cost
Preferred for rising main
Pre-insulated HDPE
pipes
• Pre-insulated HDPE pipes have a factory-fitted
polyurethane foam insulation layer, which is usually
well protected by a waterproof layer of UPVC on the
outside.
Recommended in cold
region laid above frost line.

16. 3D Surface Generation

17. Hydraullic Modelling

18. Pipe laying
Trench in Earth
or Murrum
Trench in Hard
Rock with Cement
Concrete Bedding
Trench in Hard
Rock with Sand
Bedding
Concrete Trench
Minimum pipe cover depth (non-vehicular area) 1.0 meter
Minimum pipe cover depth (vehicular area) Based on traffic load design

19. Pipe laying issues

20. Water treatment technologies
Type of water treatment Purpose Type of Unit
Sedimentation
Removal of suspended solids
(Sand, Clay, Silt etc.)
Sedimentation tank
Sedimentation With Coagulation
Removal of suspended solids, colour,
odour, taste, turbidity etc.
Sedimentation with chemical
input
Filtration
Removal of colloidal matter and
micro organism
Slow sand / Rapid Sand Filter
Water Softening Plant Removal of hardness Softening plant
Disinfection Removal of pathogenic bacteria Chlorination
Specialised Water Treatment
Plants
Removal of fluoride
Removal Arsenic
De-Fluoridation Units
Adsorption Technology
Desalination Plant
Removal of TDS/ Excessive salinity Desalination plant

21. Analysis of water treatment technology
Parameters Slow Sand Rapid Sand MGF + ACF MGF + UF
Foot Print High Medium Low Low
Turbidity Removal
Efficiency
High High
Req. Primary
Treatment
Req. Primary Treatment
Capex/ Mld Up to 2.5 Cr. Up to 1.5 Cr. Up to 0.5 Cr. Up to 0.7 Cr.
Opex Per Year Up to 2.5 Lakhs Up to 7.5 Lakhs Up to 5 Lakhs Up to 7 Lakhs
Life Cycle Cost High High Low Low
Power
Consumption
Low Low High High
Recommendation
Steam / River
Sources Less Than
200 KLD
Stream / River
Sources More Than
200 KLD
Percolation
Wells/ Tube Wells
Percolation Wells/ Tube
Wells/ Spring Sources

22. Treatment plant issues
Without Weir With Weir

23. Pump selection
Type of Pump Site Condition
Submersible Pump • Insider river
• Borewell
• High suction head
Centrifugal Pump • Low lift
• Ground level reservoir/sump
• Open well with suction head less than 6 m
Turbine Pump • River/dam bank with suction head more than 6 m
• High end
Solar Pump • To be used for remote habitation
• Low discharge rate and high head pump to be avoided
• Energy efficient pump to be used

24. Reservoirs
Mass Balancing Reservoir – Capacity to be designed based on mass balance
curve
Service Reservoir – Capacity to be designed for ½ day storage
Staging – To ensure min 7 Meters residual head at farthest consumer end
Level indicator, bulk flow meter at inlet & outlet
Structural analysis to optimise design
Proper water proofing
Concrete Grade – Minimum M-30 (As Per Design)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

25. Project cost reduction opportunity vs project life cycle
COST
TIME
Concept Planning Designing Constructions Operation

26. Cost estimation
• Detailed estimates for each component to be prepared in accordance with approved design,
drawings and technical specifications.
• Life Cycle Cost Approach (LCCA) based on techno-economical feasibility over the design
period.
• Item Rate to based on the current schedule of rates applicable in the area. In the absence
rate in SSR, market analysis to be done.
• Prevailing market rates of materials for items like pipes and pumps etc shall be used in
preparing these cost estimates.
• Unit Rate Analysis for Reservoir, WTP etc. for different capacities.
• Per capita / FHTC cost to be worked out for the ultimate design and should be benchmarked
with the prevailing per capita/ FHTC cost of similar nature of schemes in the project vicinity.

27. Transition from engineering to public utility
• Ensure safe drinking water
• Improve public health
• Understand public needs
• Improves service delivery and customer satisfaction
• Focus on self sustainable system
• Design, build & maintain the water supply
infrastructure.
Engineers
Public Health
Engineers
Public Utility

28. Thank You!
Thank You!