The document provides information about Placement Test B for the LEA School of Economic Sciences Department of Foreign Languages. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on grammar and language structure questions, and Section 2 focusing on reading comprehension questions about two passages. The test is 120 minutes total, with Section 1 being 20 minutes and Section 2 being 45 minutes. Section 1 contains 25 multiple choice questions testing grammar and language usage, and Section 2 contains 26 multiple choice questions about two passages on the topics of sinkholes and children's language acquisition.

1. Placement Test B
LEA School of Economic Sciences
Department of Foreign Languages
Time: 120 minutes
Section 1
Structure
Time: 20 Minutes
25 Questions
Directions: This section measures your ability to recognize language appropriate for standard written English.
One type of question consists of incomplete sentences, with a blank showing where information is to be filled
in. Choose the word or phrase that most correctly completes the sentence. A second type of question consists of
sentences with four underlined words or phrases. For each sentence, choose the one underlined word or phrase
that is incorrect in standard written English. Mark the answer in your answer sheet.
1. The gymnasium facilities of this public school are
__________ those of the finest private school in the
county.
A. second after
B. second only to
C. first except for
D. second place from
2. An orangutan escaped from the zoo and was
A B
foraged food in a residential neighborhood.
C D
3. The more the horse tried to free itself from the
restraint, __________.
A. the tighter it became
B. it became tighter
C. the horse could not escape
D. it was unable to move
4. The school officials are considering a
A
comprehensive planning to alleviate the problem of
B C
overcrowding in the dormitories.
D
5. __________, that runner is likely to be the first one
chosen.
A. Due to her agility and speed
B. Because of she is agile and fast
C. Because agile and rapid
D. Because her agility and speed
6. Spanish is the only course that it is not offered in
A B
the summer term, but there are several classes offered
C D
in the fall.
7. It was not until the students were seated ________
the proctor realized he had the wrong test booklets.
A. that
B. when
C. as soon as
D. and
8. Sarah was not best speaker in the class, but her
A B
personality and ability to convey her feelings
C
helped her become the most requested.
D
9. As a result of the additional rain with so much
flooding already having occurred, residents were
seeking shelter __________ than in previous years.
A. in more numbers
B. more numerously
C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers
10. The issues learned during the early stages of the
A B
project causing the researchers to initiate additional
C D
research.

2. 11. The company president wrote an e-mail and
planned to send __________ as soon as the vote
was complete.
A. to all directors the message
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors
12. Only when black bear has been spotted by the
A B
forest rangers will this portion of the park be closed
C D
down.
13. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of
the medication, __________ to curtail her work and
public speaking activities.
A. has
B. had
C. she has had
D. she will had
14. Television news producers are sometimes accuse of
A B
sensationalism, but it appears that is what the
C D
public desires.
15. The man displayed his anger when he discovered
that the laundry machine was __________ order.
A. out
B. out of
C. no on
D. outside
16. The workers attempted to free the cat from the trap,
A B C
but several obstacles were in way.
D
17. In spite of the fact that the Olympic athletes are not
permitted to compete for compensation, some of
them __________ the past and will again in the
future.
A. so did in
B. compete in
C. in
D. did so in
18. Not only could the younger people completed all
A
the work quickly and accurately, but the retired
B
workers could also.
C D
19. Allen’s not having finished his thesis did not
A B
discourage him from applying for other degree
C D
program.
20. To master the art of fiction writing __________
discipline and practice, as well as studying the
works of other great authors.
A. require
B. requires
C. requiring
D. that requires
21. That investors in the stock market enjoys increases
A
and suffer declines is simply a fact of the financial
B
market, and a smart investor is not too excited
about the former or crestfallen about the latter.
C D
22. Because it is impossible for rescuers to dig through
much of the rubble, the number of people affected
by the devastating earthquake __________ yet been
determined with certainty.
A. have not
B. has not
C. not
D. only
23. Having been found guilty of racketeering, even
A
though he was never proven guilty of many crimes
B
he was believe to have committed, the mobster was
C D
sentenced to a number of years in prison.
24. Had Jorge be able to complete his thesis instead of
A B
returning to work, he would have graduated a year ago.
C D
25. Heather Friedman, __________ at many school
functions and other community events, is destined
for fame and fortune if she receives the right
backing and is discovered by the right people.
A. who has sung
B. has sung
C. sung
D. sang

3. Section 2
Reading
Time: 45 Minutes
26 Questions
Directions: This section measures your ability to read and understand written English similar to that which one may
expect in a college or university setting. Read each passage and answer the questions based on what is stated or implied in
the passage. Circle or mark the correct answer on your answer sheet.
Passage 1
Sinkholes may occur slowly and be completely harmless
or may quickly cause devastating damage. It is
interesting that sinkholes may be caused by two opposite
conditions — extreme drought or too much
rain.
As depicted in the drawing, under the sandy surface soil
is a layer of clay and then a layer of limestone. Sinkholes
generally occur only in areas where the geology has this
composition. Within the limestone areas are pockets of
water and air. When the underground aquifer is full of
ground water, the pockets are generally filled with water
and perhaps
air above the water. But when there is too much rain or
not enough rain, the caverns may become unstable.
When there is too much, the cavern walls can be broken
through because of excess pressure, and when there is
too little, the cavern walls can collapse because there is
not enough internal pressure to withstand the weight
from above. When that occurs, the cavern collapses, and
the sandy soil close to the surface seeps or pours into the
cavern. The speed of the collapse and amount of damage
depends on the size of the collapsing cavern. In drought
conditions, sinkholes become more common over time.
They may harmlessly appear in a lawn and then stop.
Sometimes, small sinkholes recur or continue to eat soil
for years without causing any damage. But at other times
they open in the middle of streets, surprising drivers and
swallowing cars, or in residential areas, swallowing
houses. Sinkholes are not discriminating. They have
swallowed small inexpensive homes, as well as huge
homes worth millions of dollars. It is very rare for
people to be hurt when it occurs, because it usually
occurs over some length of time and is noisy as the
ground becomes unstable.
Sinkholes have also swallowed lakes. There are areas in
Florida where 40 or more homes had been built around a
beautiful lake. One day, the entire lake disappeared
because the cavern beneath the ground opened. Instead
of sand being above the cavern, there was water, which
flowed into the cavern, leaving behind dead and dying
fish and plants and docks that led to nowhere. In one
neighborhood, the neighbors managed to plug the hole in
the lake with a huge block of concrete, and rain
eventually filled the lake. But their efforts were to no
avail because several years later the lake disappeared
again.
Sinkholes are a natural phenomenon caused in particular
geological areas by particular events. Unfortunately,
even knowing the cause and having time to plan, it is not
possible to stop a sinkhole.

4. 1. The word occur in the first sentence is closest in
meaning to
A. happen.
B. leak.
C. stop.
D. cause.
2. The word devastating in the first sentence is closest
in meaning to
A. overwhelming.
B. quick.
C. slow.
D. unpleasant.
3. A good title for this passage would be
A. Where did the Water Go? How Lakes Disappear.
B. The Causes and Effects of Sinkholes.
C. The Dangers of Living above Limestone.
D. How to Avoid Sinkhole Damage.
4. The author states that sinkholes can be caused by
A. too much precipitation or not enough
precipitation.
B. too little rain or unstable sandy soil.
C. too much rain or certain types of limestone.
D. water filling limestone caverns or air filling
limestone caverns.
5. The author implies that sinkholes
A. can occur anywhere.
B. only occur where there are limestone caverns
below the surface.
C. can be prevented.
D. occur very rapidly and without notice.
6. The author indicates that the layers of material in
soil from the top down are
A. surface, limestone, clay, and sand.
B. surface, clay, sand, and limestone.
C. surface, limestone, sand, and clay.
D. surface, sand, clay, and limestone.
7. The word drought in paragraph three is closest in
meaning to
A. lack of liquid.
B. overabundance of liquid.
C. seeping of liquid.
D. summertime.
8. The word discriminating in the third paragraph is
closest in meaning to
A. discerning.
B. unusual.
C. dangerous.
D. automatic.
9. The word swallowed in paragraph three is closest in
meaning to
A. filled.
B. consumed.
C. formed in.
D. damaged.
10. According to the passage, caverns are normally
filled with
A. air and water.
B. water and sand.
C. limestone and air.
D. sand and clay.
11. An example of a harmless sinkhole would be
A. one that opens in a yard and never expands.
B. one that opens in a city street so long as
nobody is injured or killed.
C. one that opens under a house.
D. one that eliminates a lake.
12. According to the passage, how successful was the
attempt to replace a lake by plugging the hole?
A. Unknown. It has not yet been completed.
B. Completely successful over the long term.
C. Initially successful, but later it failed.
D. Not successful at all.

5. Passage 2
Investigating Children’s Language
A For over 200 years, there has
been an interest in the way children learn
to speak and understand their first
language. Scholars carried out several
small-scale studies, especially towards
the end of the 19th century, using data
they recorded in parental diaries. But
detailed, systematic investigation did not
begin until the middle decades of the
20th century, when the tape recorder
came into routine use. This made it
possible to keep a permanent record of
samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen
repeatedly to obscure extracts, and thus produce a
detailed and accurate description. Since then, the subject
has attracted enormous multi-disciplinary interest,
notably from linguists and psychologists, who have used
a variety of observational and experimental techniques to
study the process of language acquisition in depth.
B Central to the success of this rapidly emerging
field lies the ability of researchers to devise satisfactory
methods for eliciting linguistic data from children. The
problems that have to be faced are quite different from
those encountered when working with adults. Many of
the linguist’s routine techniques of enquiry cannot be
used with children. It is not possible to carry out certain
kinds of experiments, because aspects of children’s
cognitive development – such as their ability to pay
attention, or to remember instructions – may not be
sufficiently advanced. Nor is it easy to get children to
make systematic judgments about language, a task that is
virtually impossible below the age of three. And anyone
who has tried to obtain even the most basic kind of data
– a tape recording of a representative sample of a child’s
speech – knows how frustrating this can be. Some
children, it seems, are innately programmed to switch off
as soon as they notice a tape recorder being switched on.
C Since the 1960s, however, several sophisticated
recording techniques and experimental designs have
been devised. Children can be observed and recorded
through one-way-vision windows or using radio
microphones, so that the effects of having an
investigator in the same room as the child can be
eliminated. Large-scale sampling programs have been
carried out, with children sometimes being recorded for
several years. Particular attention has been paid to
devising experimental techniques that fall well within a
child’s intellectual level and social experience. Even pre-
linguistic infants have been brought into the research:
acoustic techniques are used to
analyse their vocalisations, and
their ability to perceive the world
around them is monitored using
special recording equipment. The
result has been a growing body of
reliable data on the stages of
language acquisition from birth
until puberty.
D There is no single way of
studying children’s language.
Linguistics and psychology have each brought their own
approach to the subject, and many variations have been
introduced to cope with the variety of activities in which
children engage, and the great age range that they
present. Two main research paradigms are found.
E One of these is known as ‘naturalistic
sampling’. A sample of a child’s spontaneous use of
language is recorded in familiar and comfortable
surroundings. One of the best places to make the
recording is in the child’s own home, but it is not always
easy to maintain good acoustic quality, and the presence
of the researcher or the recording equipment can be a
distraction (especially if the proceedings are being
filmed). Alternatively, the recording can be made in a
research centre, where the child is allowed to play freely
with toys while talking to parents or other children, and
the observers and their equipment are unobtrusive.
F A good quality, representative, naturalistic
sample is generally considered an ideal datum for child
language study. However, the method has several
limitations. These samples are informative about speech
production, but they give little guidance about children’s
comprehension of what they hear around them.
Moreover, samples cannot contain everything, and they
can easily miss some important features of a child’s
linguistic ability. They may also not provide enough
instances of a developing feature to enable the analyst to
make a decision about the way the child is learning. For
such reasons, the description of samples of child speech
has to be supplemented by other methods.
G The other main approach is through
experimentation, and the methods of experimental
psychology have been widely applied to child language
research. The investigator formulates a specific
hypothesis about children’s ability to use or understand
an aspect of language, and devises a relevant task for a

6. group of subjects to undertake. A statistical analysis is
made of the subjects’ behaviour, and the results provide
evidence that supports or falsifies the original
hypothesis.
H Using this approach, as well as other methods
of controlled observation, researchers have come up with
many detailed findings about the production and
comprehension of groups of children. However, it is not
easy to generalise the findings of these studies. What
may obtain in a carefully controlled setting may not
apply in the rush of daily interaction. Different kinds of
subjects, experimental situations, and statistical
procedures may produce different results or
interpretations. Experimental research is therefore a
slow, painstaking business; it may take years before
researchers are convinced that all variables have been
considered and a finding is genuine.
Questions 13-17
Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H.
Which paragraphs contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 1-5 on your answer
sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
13. the possibility of carrying out research on children
before they start talking
14. the difficulties in deducing theories from
systematic experiments
15. the differences between analysing children’s and
adults’ language
16. the ability to record children without them seeing
the researcher
17. the drawbacks of recording children in an
environment they know
Questions 18-21
Do the following statements agree with the information
given in Reading Passage 2?
(T)TRUE if the statement agrees with the info.
(F) FALSE if the statement contradicts the info.
(NG) NOT if there is no information on this.
GIVEN
18. In the 19th century, researchers studied their own
children’s language.
19. Attempts to elicit very young children’s opinions
about language are likely to fail.
20. Radio microphones are used because they enable
researchers to communicate with a number of
children in different rooms.
21. Many children enjoy the interaction with the
researcher.
Question 22-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the
passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer
sheet.
Ways of investigating children’s language
One method of carrying out research is to record
children’s spontaneous language use. This can be done
in their homes, where, however, it may be difficult to
ensure that the recording is of acceptable 22 ....................
Another venue which is often used is a 23 ....................,
where the researcher can avoid distracting the child. A
drawback of this method is that it does not allow
children to demonstrate their comprehension.
An alternative approach is to use methodology from the
field of 24 ..................... In this case, a number of
children are asked to carry out a 25 ...................., and the
results are subjected to a 26 .....................

7. Section 3
Writing
Name: ____________________________________ I.D.: ______________ Major: ___________________
Time: 55 Minutes
2 Question
Directions: This section measures your ability to write in English, including your ability to organize ideas, create an essay
in standard written English, and support the thoughts with sufficient examples and evidence.
TASK 1
Time: 20 Minutes
The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey. The pie chart shows
the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year. Write a short report for a
university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
B

8. TASK 2
Time: 35 Minutes
Write about the following topic:
Some people feel that certain workers like nurses, doctors and teachers are undervalued and should be paid more,
especially when other people like film actors or company bosses are paid huge sums of money that are out of
proportion to the importance of the work that they do.
-How far do you agree?
-What criteria should be used to decide how much people are paid?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant
evidence.
Write at least 250 words.