Lecture at the Process Intensification Netherlands Autumn meeting. On 13th November 2013

1. Intensifying*CO2*binding*
Pol$Knops$
Innova,on$Concepts$
www.innova,onconcepts.eu$
knops@innova,onconcepts.eu$
Tel:$06;51304842$
AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$

2. Presenta;on*
• CO2*cycle*
• Mineraliza;on*
• Gravity*Pressure*Vessel*
13/11/2013*
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*Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**2*

3. Energy*level*
“Uphill”*/*“Downhill”*
13/11/2013*
Coal*
0$
CO2*
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4. “Uphill”*/*“Downhill”*
Energy*level*
Urea*
Synthesis*gas*
13/11/2013*
Coal*
CO*
0*
CO2*
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5. “Uphill”*/*“Downhill”*
Energy*level*
Urea$
Synthesis$gas$
Coal*
The*Ground*energy*state*
CO$
of*a*Carbon*is*a*Carbonate*
0*
CO2*
MgCO3*
13/11/2013*
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6. Mineraliza;on*reac;on*
Olivine
Mg2SiO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O =>
2MgCO3 + Si(OH)4
[∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]
13/11/2013*
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7. Carbon*deposits*
Amount*(C)*
(X*10E15*kg)*
Rela;ve*
(%)*
Limestone$(CaCO3)$
35.000$
47%*
Dolomites$(CaCO3MgCO3)$
25.000$
33%*
Sedimentary$carbon$
15.000$
20%$
Recoverable$fossil$fuels$
4$
0,005%$
Oceanic$HCO3;$CO32;$
42$
0,056%$
Dead$Surficial$Carbon$(humus,$peat)$
3$
0,004%$
Atmospheric$CO2$
0,72$
0,00095%$
Biomass$
0,56$
0,0007%$
Anthropogenic$emissions$
0,008/year$
Natural$(volcanic)$
0,00005$/yr$
“Dead”*
“Live”*
13/11/2013*
AUTUMN*SESSION*PINNL*$
(1%)$
*Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**7*

8. Global*CO2*balance*
13/11/2013*
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9. CO2*sequestra;on*
Increase*mineraliza;on:*
Weathering*rate:*
• Ambient*Weathering*
• Product*replacement*
≈*1*μm/year*
• Process*intensifica;on*
≈100*μm/hr*
Intensifica*on:-1.000.000-*mes13/11/2013*
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10. Process*condi;ons*
Mineraliza;on* Flue*gas*
VerTech*
(GPV)*
60°C$
Temperature$ 180°C$
275°C$
Pressure$
40;100$bar$
Ambient$
(10%$CO2)$
100$bar$
Residence$
,me$
1$hour$
seconds$
1$hour$
13/11/2013*
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11. Process*
• Opera;ng*principle:*
Step*by*step*explained*in*following*slides*
13/11/2013*
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12. A$
0$meter$
Reactor*1*
A:*Incoming*material*
B:*DownComer*tube*
*
Pressure*increase*
*
Preehea;ng*medium*(speed*up*reac;on*kine;cs)*
B$
;1200$meter$
13/11/2013*
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13. C* C*
A$
Reactor*2*
A:*Incoming*material*
B:*DownComer*tube*
C:*CO2*injec;on*
*
Reactants*present,*increased*temperature*present*
*
Exothermic*reac;on*e>*Energy*produc;on*
C*
C*
B$
13/11/2013*
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14. C*
A$
Reactor*3*
D*
A:*Incoming*material*
B:*DownComer*tube*
C:*CO2*injec;on*
D:*UpComer*tube:*
*
Releases*most*of*the*energy*to*DownComer*
*
Pressure*decreases*
*
Leaves*the*reactor*
D$
B$
13/11/2013*
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15. C*
A$
Reactor*4*
E*
E*
D$ E$
A:*Incoming*material*
B:*DownComer*tube*
C:*CO2*injec;on*
D:*UpComer*tube*
E:*Surrounding*cooling*tube*
**Func;on*first*(reverse*circula;on)*hea;ng*up*
***Aier*“igni;on”*(exothermic*reac;on)**cooling**
****The*cooling*water*can*be*reeused*(amine*recovery)*
**Appr.*half*of*the*exothermic*heat*is*available*at*this*
high*temperature*pipe*
B$
13/11/2013*
E*
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16. C*
A$
Advantages*
E*
E*
D$ E$
B$
13/11/2013*
E*
; Pressure*built*up*
*
; Heat*exchange*
*
; Intense*mixing*
*
; Plug*flow*reactor*
*
; Residence*;me*
*
; Energy*recovery*
*
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17. Construc;on*
• Conven;onal*drilling:*
*Straight,*30”**
13/11/2013*

18. Well*head*

19. Process*
Comparison*
VerTech*
CO2*Energy*reactor*
(pilot*scale)*
Experience*
>*10*years*
Construc;on*period* 1992*e*1994*
Not*
*e*
Throughput*
120*m3/hr*
550.000*m3/hr*
100*m3/hr*
20*ton*Olivine/hr*
Energy*produc;on*
Recovery*
9.5*MW(th)*
50%*@*260°C*
9.8*MW(th)*
50%*@*180°C*
Energy*density*
0.34*MJ/kg*
0.42*MJ/kg*
Gas*injec;on*
O2:*2400*kg/hr*
CO2:*12*ton/hr*
100kton*CO2/yr*
Max.*temp*
Depth*
270°C*
1200*meter*
190°C**
1200*meter*
13/11/2013*
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20. Batch*autoclave*
13/11/2013*
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21. Other*Processes*
• Asbestos*destruc;on*
• Steel*slags*
• Red*mud*treatment*
• Bayer*process*(alumina*produc;on)*
• High*Pressure*Acid*Leaching*
• Wet*Air*Oxida;on:*
** Oil*Sand*residue*
13/11/2013*
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*Pol*Knops/*Innova;on*Concept**21*

22. Gravity Pressure Vessel (GPV)
Een GPV-reactor gebruikt de zwaartekracht om de benodigde druk te creëren,
terwijl de warmte die bij de reactie vrijkomt zorgt voor de gewenste hoge temperaturen.
End*
carbonaten
Reac;on*rate:*
zand (silicaten)
injectie slurry
slurry
van water en
gemalen olivijn
water
stoom
afgetapt en gebruikt voor
productie van elektriciteit
zwaartekracht
slurry
zorgt voor de
benodigde druk
stroomt weer terug naar boven
carbondioxyde
reageert met olivijn en
vormt carbonaten:
magnesiumcarbonaat
calciumcarbonaat
kaliumcarbonaat
Warmte die bij de reactie vrijkomt
zorgt voor hoge temperaturen
© De Ingenieur / Marcel Groenen
From*geological*
scale*to*process*
scale*