Acting from duty according to Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals involves acting in accordance with the moral law out of respect for the moral law alone, regardless of personal desires or consequences. Kant argues that morality lies in having a good will, which is to act from duty based on the principle of universalizability. Nagel argues in "War and Massacre" that hostility or aggression should be directed at its true object, the political leadership and military command responsible for an unjust war, rather than noncombatants or civilians.