Pharm Exam Study Guide 1 & 2 Presentation1
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This summary provides an overview of key information from the document: 1) The document discusses various medications and conditions related to endocrinology and reproductive health, including treatments for hypothyroidism, gestational diabetes, menopause, and erectile dysfunction. 2) It provides details on medications like Lantus, Lente, metformin, calcitriol, levothyroxine, Lupron, danocrine, and Tagamet. 3) The document also includes several case studies related to conditions like megaloblastic anemia, endometriosis, and gynecomastia from Tagamet use.
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Pharmacology of Antihypertensive drugs for Medical College; Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing
Anti Hypertensive Drugs
The document discusses different types of antihypertensive drugs, their mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects. It defines hypertension and guidelines for initiating treatment. The main drug classes covered are diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, alpha blockers, vasodilators, and central acting agents. Factors such as age, comorbidities, and resistant hypertension are addressed in principles of treatment.
HYPERTENSION
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, has been documented as far back as 2600 BC. It was not until the early 18th century that methods for measuring blood pressure were developed. Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. Sustained elevated blood pressure is defined as hypertension. Primary hypertension has no identifiable cause, while secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying condition. Lifestyle modifications and medication are used to treat hypertension and reduce complications like heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. Accurate measurement and long-term management require a collaborative approach between patients and healthcare providers.
Hypertension
Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease where blood pressure is repeatedly above normal levels and can cause organ damage if left untreated; it is usually classified as essential or secondary hypertension and is typically treated initially with lifestyle changes and monotherapy using drugs that lower blood pressure by different mechanisms such as diuretics, sympathoplegics, vasodilators, and angiotensin antagonists, with polypharmacy used if monotherapy is ineffective.
Antihypertensive drugs
The document discusses the heart and hypertension. It defines normal blood pressure and describes the types and causes of hypertension. Hypertension usually has no symptoms, but can sometimes cause headaches, confusion or vision changes. Untreated hypertension can damage blood vessels and the heart over time, so treatment is important even in asymptomatic cases. Treatment includes diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and other drugs that work to lower blood pressure by various mechanisms.
Antihypertensives
This document discusses antihypertensive agents used to treat hypertension. It describes different categories of agents including adrenergic agents, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and vasodilators. For each category, the document outlines mechanisms of action, examples of medications, therapeutic uses, and potential side effects. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring blood pressure during therapy and avoiding abruptly stopping medications.
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