The document discusses the evolution of application architectures from monolithic applications to microservices. It begins with early approaches like physical servers and virtualization. It then progresses to newer approaches like containers, serverless computing, and event-driven architectures. Throughout, it uses analogies of pets, cattle, rabbits, and microbes to represent decreasing levels of manageability. It emphasizes that organizational structure, processes, tooling, and design patterns are important foundations for successfully implementing microservices.

1. Pets, Cattle, Rabbits and Microbes
Shiva N
Amazon Web Sevices
MSA-Summit
Evolution of Microservices and beyond…

2. MSA-SummitPhysical Evolution
Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Evolution-des-wissens.jpg

3. MSA-SummitTurings Machine
Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

4. MSA-SummitBlades and Racks
Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_server

5. MSA-SummitCubieboard
Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubieboard

6. MSA-SummitArchitecture Evolution
Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Evolution-des-wissens.jpg

7. MSA-SummitThe Monolith
Image: 1869/ptwo/license

8. MSA-SummitSOA

9. MSA-SummitMicroservices
Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour

10. MSA-SummitArchitecture Evolution
SOA
Coarse-grained
Microservices
Fine-grained
Monolithic
Single Unit

11. MSA-SummitIsnt Microservices just SOA?
SOA Microservices
Smart pipes, dumb endpoints Simple pipes, smart endpoints
Centralised governance (ESB) Minimal governance
Proprietary standards Open standards
Services provide myriad functions Services are single purposed
Distributed monoliths? Beware of the microliths!

12. MSA-SummitThe Death Star
• Single-purpose
• Connect only through APIs
• Connect over HTTPS
• Largely “black boxes” to each
other
• “DevOps”

13. MSA-SummitLots of folk are doing it, and talking about it

14. "I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is
a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.”
- Abraham Maslow (1966)
Maslow’s Hammer
Image: DSC_1607/Justin Baeder/license

15. MSA-SummitFoundations and Scaffolding
Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bamboo_scaffolding,_Hong_Kong_2.jpg

16. MSA-SummitFoundations and Scaffolding
Organization Culture
Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bamboo_scaffolding,_Hong_Kong_2.jpg

17. MSA-SummitConways Law
“organizations which design systems
... are constrained to produce
designs which are copies of the
communication structures of these
organizations”
- Melvin Conway
Image: https://twitter.com/conways_law

18. MSA-Summit2 Pizza Teams
• Two-pizza teams
• Full ownership
• Full accountability
• Aligned incentives
• “DevOps”

19. MSA-SummitRapid Innovation
= 50 million deployments a year
Thousands of teams
× Microservice architecture
× Continuous delivery
× Multiple environments

20. MSA-SummitFoundations and Scaffolding
Processes and Tooling
Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bamboo_scaffolding,_Hong_Kong_2.jpg

21. MSA-SummitMicroservice development lifecycle
developers delivery pipelinesservices
releasetestbuild
releasetestbuild
releasetestbuild
releasetestbuild
releasetestbuild
releasetestbuild

22. MSA-SummitMonitoring Microservices
Image: http://techblog.netflix.com/2015/02/a-microscope-on-microservices.html

23. MSA-SummitCommon Language
API Calls
Websites
Mobile
Apps
Wearable
Services
API Calls
API Gateway
Authentication
& Authorization
Caching &
Throttling
Business Logic
API Calls

24. MSA-SummitFoundations and Scaffolding
Design Patterns
Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bamboo_scaffolding,_Hong_Kong_2.jpg

25. MSA-Summit12 Factor Apps
Codebase
Dependenci
es
Config
Backing
Services
Build
Release
Run
Processes Port Binding
Dev/Prod
parity
Logs
Admin
Processes
Concurrency
Disposability
http://12factor.net/

26. MSA-Summit
Pets
Physical/
Virtualization
Physical/
Virtualization

27. MSA-Summit3 Tier Web Application
Pets

28. MSA-Summit
Pets Cattle
Physical/
Virtualization
Cloud
Physical/
Virtualization Cloud

29. MSA-SummitFactory Pattern
Pets Cattle
• Autoscaling Launch Configuration
• Reflection = Metadata

30. MSA-SummitThats nice… Can we make it smaller?
Image: http://www.nowverybad.com/honey-i-shrunk-the-kids-1989/

31. MSA-Summit
Pets Cattle
Physical/
Virtualization
Cloud
Rabbits
Physical/
Virtualization Cloud
Containerization
Containerization

32. MSA-SummitSidecar Pattern
Pets Cattle Rabbits

33. MSA-SummitAmbassador pattern
Pets Cattle Rabbits

34. MSA-SummitAdapter Pattern
Pets Cattle Rabbits

35. MSA-Summit
Pets Cattle
Physical/
Virtualization
Cloud
Rabbits Microbes
Physical/
Virtualization Cloud
Containerization Serverless
Containerization Serverless

36. MSA-Summit
“No server is easier to
manage than no server”
Werner Vogels (CTO, Amazon.com)

37. MSA-SummitServerless Compute – AWS Lambda
COMPUTE
SERVICE
EVENT
DRIVEN
Run arbitrary code
without managing
servers
Code only runs when it
needs to run
Scaling Never pay for idle

38. MSA-SummitEvent Driven Architectures
Pets Cattle Rabbits Microbes

39. MSA-SummitServerless Web Application
Pets Cattle Rabbits Microbes

40. MSA-SummitServerless Mobile Backend
Pets Cattle Rabbits Microbes

41. MSA-SummitSummary
• Microservices patterns are changing how we are building APIs and our
applications in general
• Team structure plays an incredible role in building, running, scaling
Microservices
• Focusing on flexible tooling that provide standards can help an
organization focus on what matters
• Standardize on the fundamental components below your application
and evolve reusable design patterns that are relevant to you

42. Thank You
Shiva N
Amazon Web Sevices
MSA-Summit