The PETROSS project is engineering sugarcane and sweet sorghum to produce significantly more oil per acre than other crops in order to provide a sustainable source of biodiesel and jet fuel. Through genetic engineering, PETROSS has increased oil production in sugarcane from 0.05% to 8% of dry weight and improved photosynthesis by 20%. Expanding these traits could allow PETROSS crops to meet 69% of the U.S. biofuel mandate and be grown on millions more acres. However, additional funding is needed to combine all enhanced traits into one optimized crop and fully realize the potential of ultra-productive biofuel fields.
Fodder system: Growing animal feed in 7 days without soilSamson Ogbole
The never ending feud between herdsmen and farmers in Nigeria can be solved by construction of ranches for the animals, grow grass (in 7 days) to restore order. We do not need the grazing bill, neither do we need to import grass from south America. The animals are healthier as these grasses are grown without insecticide, pesticides or fungicides, the environment is cleaner and this is better for the consumer.
A single cow eats 8kg daily, thus to feed a cow for a year, it requires 1.5 - 2 acres (9 - 15 plots of land for grazing), thus for 100 cows (do the maths!). With fodder system, with fodder system, you need 4m by 12m space (less than 1/8 of a plot).
Evaluation of Aeroponic Farming as an alternative to Soil farming: Soil, Econ...Samson Ogbole
Comparing aeroponic farming and Soil farming to evaluate which is more profitable for the farmer in the long run for the soil, economy and environment.
The document discusses the issue of using crops for biofuel production versus using them for food. It presents information about ICRISAT, an organization focused on reducing poverty and environmental degradation in dryland tropics. ICRISAT is exploring the potential of sweet sorghum as a biofuel feedstock that does not compromise food security through their Pro-poor BioPower initiative. The initiative aims to empower smallholder farmers and ensure food, feed, and energy security in a sustainable way.
Bodacious barley 2018 crop by Lorelle Selinger of CargillAndrew Nguyen
This document summarizes the 2018 barley crop in Canada. It describes the growing season, which started late but conditions allowed for quick planting. By June, drought conditions were being reported. Harvest began in late August and over 60% was complete in early September, with yields better than expected. However, snow and rain in late September halted harvest. The document expresses concern that barley left unharvested in the fields will be susceptible to diseases and quality issues. Protein and moisture levels are discussed in the context of malt quality. In the end, it says low germination barley may impact malt effectiveness and beer quality, but concludes by stating there will still be beer.
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA): More than HydroponicsFreshBox Farms
CEA is an umbrella term for indoor plant cultivation methods that use technology to control the environment. It allows year-round production with less water and land than traditional agriculture. CEA can take place in buildings like skyscrapers or warehouses and enables agriculture in cities. Common CEA methods include hydroponics, which uses nutrient solutions in a soilless system, and vertical farming. The controlled environment optimizes factors like temperature, light, and nutrients to maximize plant growth.
The document summarizes the mission, vision, and business plan of Skyscraper Greenhouse, a startup promoting organic vertical farming. Their mission is to be the leading provider of organic vegetables and fruits while empowering communities and protecting the environment. Their business plan involves a two-story greenhouse building utilizing hydroponic and solar energy systems to grow crops with minimal resources. Their goal is to address issues like water scarcity and land use through sustainable organic farming.
The document summarizes a presentation on soilless farming and business opportunities in hydroponics. It discusses:
1) Different types of hydroponic systems like simplified and commercial hydroponics. Simplified is for livelihood while commercial is a business.
2) Various business verticals in both types like training schools, retail shops, consultancy, and urban rooftop clusters for simplified hydroponics. For commercial, opportunities include system supplies, growing, contract farming, and more.
3) Benefits of hydroponics like higher yields, quality, pest management compared to traditional farming. It also allows growing in any location and season.
4) Examples of hydroponic crops shown
Aeroponic farming is a type of hydroponic gardening where plant roots are suspended in air and misted with nutrient-rich water. It uses less water and fertilizer than traditional farming or hydroponics, and yields higher productivity. Common crops grown aeroponically include vegetables like cabbage and tomatoes, as well as herbs. While aeroponics is more controllable and yields higher per plant than traditional farming, it also has higher setup costs and requires technical knowledge and a power source to operate the misting systems.
Fodder system: Growing animal feed in 7 days without soilSamson Ogbole
The never ending feud between herdsmen and farmers in Nigeria can be solved by construction of ranches for the animals, grow grass (in 7 days) to restore order. We do not need the grazing bill, neither do we need to import grass from south America. The animals are healthier as these grasses are grown without insecticide, pesticides or fungicides, the environment is cleaner and this is better for the consumer.
A single cow eats 8kg daily, thus to feed a cow for a year, it requires 1.5 - 2 acres (9 - 15 plots of land for grazing), thus for 100 cows (do the maths!). With fodder system, with fodder system, you need 4m by 12m space (less than 1/8 of a plot).
Evaluation of Aeroponic Farming as an alternative to Soil farming: Soil, Econ...Samson Ogbole
Comparing aeroponic farming and Soil farming to evaluate which is more profitable for the farmer in the long run for the soil, economy and environment.
The document discusses the issue of using crops for biofuel production versus using them for food. It presents information about ICRISAT, an organization focused on reducing poverty and environmental degradation in dryland tropics. ICRISAT is exploring the potential of sweet sorghum as a biofuel feedstock that does not compromise food security through their Pro-poor BioPower initiative. The initiative aims to empower smallholder farmers and ensure food, feed, and energy security in a sustainable way.
Bodacious barley 2018 crop by Lorelle Selinger of CargillAndrew Nguyen
This document summarizes the 2018 barley crop in Canada. It describes the growing season, which started late but conditions allowed for quick planting. By June, drought conditions were being reported. Harvest began in late August and over 60% was complete in early September, with yields better than expected. However, snow and rain in late September halted harvest. The document expresses concern that barley left unharvested in the fields will be susceptible to diseases and quality issues. Protein and moisture levels are discussed in the context of malt quality. In the end, it says low germination barley may impact malt effectiveness and beer quality, but concludes by stating there will still be beer.
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA): More than HydroponicsFreshBox Farms
CEA is an umbrella term for indoor plant cultivation methods that use technology to control the environment. It allows year-round production with less water and land than traditional agriculture. CEA can take place in buildings like skyscrapers or warehouses and enables agriculture in cities. Common CEA methods include hydroponics, which uses nutrient solutions in a soilless system, and vertical farming. The controlled environment optimizes factors like temperature, light, and nutrients to maximize plant growth.
The document summarizes the mission, vision, and business plan of Skyscraper Greenhouse, a startup promoting organic vertical farming. Their mission is to be the leading provider of organic vegetables and fruits while empowering communities and protecting the environment. Their business plan involves a two-story greenhouse building utilizing hydroponic and solar energy systems to grow crops with minimal resources. Their goal is to address issues like water scarcity and land use through sustainable organic farming.
The document summarizes a presentation on soilless farming and business opportunities in hydroponics. It discusses:
1) Different types of hydroponic systems like simplified and commercial hydroponics. Simplified is for livelihood while commercial is a business.
2) Various business verticals in both types like training schools, retail shops, consultancy, and urban rooftop clusters for simplified hydroponics. For commercial, opportunities include system supplies, growing, contract farming, and more.
3) Benefits of hydroponics like higher yields, quality, pest management compared to traditional farming. It also allows growing in any location and season.
4) Examples of hydroponic crops shown
Aeroponic farming is a type of hydroponic gardening where plant roots are suspended in air and misted with nutrient-rich water. It uses less water and fertilizer than traditional farming or hydroponics, and yields higher productivity. Common crops grown aeroponically include vegetables like cabbage and tomatoes, as well as herbs. While aeroponics is more controllable and yields higher per plant than traditional farming, it also has higher setup costs and requires technical knowledge and a power source to operate the misting systems.
The document summarizes an internship experience at an indoor vertical farming company called Aerloom Farms. It discusses the company's mission to supply local areas with sustainable produce. It also provides details about Aerloom Farms' business model including using aeroponics to grow crops indoors with minimal water and pesticide-free. The document outlines a typical intern work day, conducting competitor analyses, searching for suitable properties, and building prototypes for indoor farming systems.
RainMaking International - Green AG, IncLarry Lipman
We Produce water from air, energy from waste and the sun and grow more food, economically than any other technology, utilizing unique vertical, climate controlled environments.
Our mission of compassion
Create Jobs
Skills training
Develop Enterprise
Provide a process to grow food in challenged climatic and economic conditions
Create water from air and waste/sun to energy
We are seeking opportunities to turn around economically deprived cities, counties, countries, and Native Tribes/First Nations by exporting food and water grown there.
Advances in Vertical Farming by Dr. Brahma SinghDr. Brahma Singh
Traditional farming is threatened by resulting climate change, soil degradation and the loss of natural ecosystems. Another way of farming is needed not to replace it but supplement it to enforce sustainability. The answer is Vertical Farming which is consistently growing across geographies.
Conservation Agriculture in Haryana India: Past Experiences & Future Plans
Ashok Kumar Yadav, Director General (Agriculture), Government of Haryana, India
Pond Technologies was founded in Toronto, Canada on May 2007. Their mission is to use microalgae, the original superfood and the planet’s first carbon storage technology, to solve some of the largest problems facing the world today.
Controlled indoor farming on a local basisLarry Lipman
Green Organic Farms grows organic vegetables and fruits using a closed-loop vertical farming system that utilizes minimal space and resources. Their mission is to produce affordable organic produce while employing veterans and those with special needs. Their innovative system allows year-round farming without droughts or pests by using aeroponics, customized soils, and natural fertilizers to grow 6-14 times as many plants in the same space with better taste.
>> All About Hydroponic Gardening.
>> Why Hydroponic Farming Has Spread So Much.
>> Hydroponics – The Advantages and Disadvantages.
>> Why You Should Consider Doing Hydroponic Farming.
>> Top 3 Hydroponic Supplies You Need to Start Your Garden.
>> The Most Common Hydroponic Supplies You Need for Your Garden.
>> Grow Lights: One of the Most Important Hydroponic Supplies to Grow Your Crops.
>> What Makes LED Grow Lights One of the Most Important Hydroponic Supplies?
>> Hydroponic Supplies: Few Reasons to Opt for LED Grow Lights!
>> What to Consider When Getting Hydroponic Supplies.
This document discusses various sources of power used in agriculture, including human power, animal power, mechanical power, electrical power, and renewable energy sources. Human power provides around 75 watts and is used for small tasks like weeding. Animal power such as oxen and buffalo provide around 750 watts and are used for plowing, threshing, and transport. Mechanical power from diesel and petrol engines provides more power efficiently and is used for tasks like pumping, processing, and tillage. Electrical power is used for tasks like pumping, processing, and refrigeration. Renewable energy sources discussed include solar, geothermal, tidal, and wave energy.
The document discusses Sprout Feeding Systems as a new approach to sustainable agriculture in South Africa that addresses various challenges facing the industry. It notes issues like limited water, rising costs, and climate risks that make traditional large-scale farming difficult. Sprout Feeding Systems promote vertical expansion through growing fodder in trays, using less land and resources. This allows for smaller, more economically viable farms that are less vulnerable to external factors. The system can support a variety of livestock and offers benefits like accelerated growth, high yields from small spaces, and removal of weather and drought risks. It provides a sustainable solution for food security, rural development, and stable agricultural growth in South Africa.
This document discusses techniques to enhance agricultural productivity in India. It begins by outlining some distressing facts about Indian agriculture, such as declining food grain availability and increasing indebtedness of farmer households. It then proposes several solutions in key areas needing intervention:
1) Proper utilization of small land holdings through cooperative farming and division of profit laws.
2) Improving irrigation through techniques like open hydroponics, trace irrigation, and improving water storage.
3) Using alternative pest control methods like sterile insect technique to reduce pesticide use.
4) Improving storage to address significant post-harvest losses through private storage models.
WSO2Con USA 2015: Single Sign-on Solutions for Salesforce with WSO2 Identity ...WSO2
This session will focus on understanding the capabilities of WSO2 Identity Server and how you can leverage SAML for Single Sign-on. We will show how to use WSO2 Identity Server to enable single sign-on on the Salesforce platform and also how to enable seamless single sign-on for multiple applications.
WSO2Con EU 2016: Transform Your Enterprise IT: Integrate and Automate!WSO2
Organizations today deploy a plethora of enterprise IT applications to accomplish day-to-day business functions. However, the decision to build or buy these applications are often done in isolation and at various times without much thought on how they may integrate with each other to streamline business processes across teams. This often results in heavy manual effort, data duplication and rework due to human error.
In this session, Shevan will explain how such applications can be integrated with each other to streamline day-to-day business activities and how the WSO2 platform can help in accomplishing this. He will also discuss how WSO2 is eating its own dog food to improve efficiency in operations and integration across business functions and teams.
Este documento analiza las causas y consecuencias de la delincuencia cibernética en el siglo 21. Explora cómo el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías ha facilitado actividades delictivas virtuales. También discute los tipos de crímenes cibernéticos y cómo las personas y autoridades pueden prevenir y responder a estos delitos.
electrical safety
matching load and source
electrical source and load
benefits and dangers of electricity
dangers of electricity
benefits of electricity
Video and slides synchronized, mp3 and slide download available at URL http://bit.ly/1OKo5FN.
Danny Yuan discusses how stream processing is used in Uber's real-time system to solve a wide range of problems, including but not limited to real-time aggregation and prediction on geospatial time series, data migration, monitoring and alerting, and extracting patterns from data streams. Yuan also presents the architecture of the stream processing pipeline. Filmed at qconsf.com.
Danny Yuan is a software engineer in Uber. He's currently working on streaming systems for Uber's logistics platform. Prior to joining Uber, he worked on building Netflix's cloud platform. His work includes predictive autoscaling, distributed tracing service, real-time data pipeline that scaled to process hundreds of billions of events every day, and Netflix's low-latency crypto services.
Global Energy Technology Group plans to acquire farms in California to develop renewable energy projects using jatropha biodiesel. The company will purchase land and develop jatropha plantations to produce oil for biodiesel production. Jatropha is a drought-resistant crop suitable for marginal lands that produces oil for biodiesel without competing with food crops. The company expects to benefit from government incentives for biodiesel production and carbon credits from the jatropha plantations.
Solaris, a new crop species, shows potential as a sustainable source for bio-jet fuel production. It can grow in marginal lands, produces high oil yields from its seeds, and all plant parts can be used as energy sources. Sunchem has developed an integrated approach for a Solaris-based biofuel value chain involving research, agriculture, processing, and demand. Through conventional breeding and biotechnology, Solaris yields and oil content can be further improved to optimize its use. Field trials demonstrate its viability as a bio-jet fuel feedstock and Solaris may help address sustainability issues facing the aviation industry's increasing fuel needs.
Phillips bio industries inc. powerpointWendy Clarke
Phillips Bio-Industries is focused on producing biodiesel, biofuels, and responding to changes in energy laws to create opportunities in the renewable energy industry worldwide. The company aims to be a top biodiesel producer using bio-green technologies to help countries achieve energy independence through developing indigenous energy resources.
The document summarizes an internship experience at an indoor vertical farming company called Aerloom Farms. It discusses the company's mission to supply local areas with sustainable produce. It also provides details about Aerloom Farms' business model including using aeroponics to grow crops indoors with minimal water and pesticide-free. The document outlines a typical intern work day, conducting competitor analyses, searching for suitable properties, and building prototypes for indoor farming systems.
RainMaking International - Green AG, IncLarry Lipman
We Produce water from air, energy from waste and the sun and grow more food, economically than any other technology, utilizing unique vertical, climate controlled environments.
Our mission of compassion
Create Jobs
Skills training
Develop Enterprise
Provide a process to grow food in challenged climatic and economic conditions
Create water from air and waste/sun to energy
We are seeking opportunities to turn around economically deprived cities, counties, countries, and Native Tribes/First Nations by exporting food and water grown there.
Advances in Vertical Farming by Dr. Brahma SinghDr. Brahma Singh
Traditional farming is threatened by resulting climate change, soil degradation and the loss of natural ecosystems. Another way of farming is needed not to replace it but supplement it to enforce sustainability. The answer is Vertical Farming which is consistently growing across geographies.
Conservation Agriculture in Haryana India: Past Experiences & Future Plans
Ashok Kumar Yadav, Director General (Agriculture), Government of Haryana, India
Pond Technologies was founded in Toronto, Canada on May 2007. Their mission is to use microalgae, the original superfood and the planet’s first carbon storage technology, to solve some of the largest problems facing the world today.
Controlled indoor farming on a local basisLarry Lipman
Green Organic Farms grows organic vegetables and fruits using a closed-loop vertical farming system that utilizes minimal space and resources. Their mission is to produce affordable organic produce while employing veterans and those with special needs. Their innovative system allows year-round farming without droughts or pests by using aeroponics, customized soils, and natural fertilizers to grow 6-14 times as many plants in the same space with better taste.
>> All About Hydroponic Gardening.
>> Why Hydroponic Farming Has Spread So Much.
>> Hydroponics – The Advantages and Disadvantages.
>> Why You Should Consider Doing Hydroponic Farming.
>> Top 3 Hydroponic Supplies You Need to Start Your Garden.
>> The Most Common Hydroponic Supplies You Need for Your Garden.
>> Grow Lights: One of the Most Important Hydroponic Supplies to Grow Your Crops.
>> What Makes LED Grow Lights One of the Most Important Hydroponic Supplies?
>> Hydroponic Supplies: Few Reasons to Opt for LED Grow Lights!
>> What to Consider When Getting Hydroponic Supplies.
This document discusses various sources of power used in agriculture, including human power, animal power, mechanical power, electrical power, and renewable energy sources. Human power provides around 75 watts and is used for small tasks like weeding. Animal power such as oxen and buffalo provide around 750 watts and are used for plowing, threshing, and transport. Mechanical power from diesel and petrol engines provides more power efficiently and is used for tasks like pumping, processing, and tillage. Electrical power is used for tasks like pumping, processing, and refrigeration. Renewable energy sources discussed include solar, geothermal, tidal, and wave energy.
The document discusses Sprout Feeding Systems as a new approach to sustainable agriculture in South Africa that addresses various challenges facing the industry. It notes issues like limited water, rising costs, and climate risks that make traditional large-scale farming difficult. Sprout Feeding Systems promote vertical expansion through growing fodder in trays, using less land and resources. This allows for smaller, more economically viable farms that are less vulnerable to external factors. The system can support a variety of livestock and offers benefits like accelerated growth, high yields from small spaces, and removal of weather and drought risks. It provides a sustainable solution for food security, rural development, and stable agricultural growth in South Africa.
This document discusses techniques to enhance agricultural productivity in India. It begins by outlining some distressing facts about Indian agriculture, such as declining food grain availability and increasing indebtedness of farmer households. It then proposes several solutions in key areas needing intervention:
1) Proper utilization of small land holdings through cooperative farming and division of profit laws.
2) Improving irrigation through techniques like open hydroponics, trace irrigation, and improving water storage.
3) Using alternative pest control methods like sterile insect technique to reduce pesticide use.
4) Improving storage to address significant post-harvest losses through private storage models.
WSO2Con USA 2015: Single Sign-on Solutions for Salesforce with WSO2 Identity ...WSO2
This session will focus on understanding the capabilities of WSO2 Identity Server and how you can leverage SAML for Single Sign-on. We will show how to use WSO2 Identity Server to enable single sign-on on the Salesforce platform and also how to enable seamless single sign-on for multiple applications.
WSO2Con EU 2016: Transform Your Enterprise IT: Integrate and Automate!WSO2
Organizations today deploy a plethora of enterprise IT applications to accomplish day-to-day business functions. However, the decision to build or buy these applications are often done in isolation and at various times without much thought on how they may integrate with each other to streamline business processes across teams. This often results in heavy manual effort, data duplication and rework due to human error.
In this session, Shevan will explain how such applications can be integrated with each other to streamline day-to-day business activities and how the WSO2 platform can help in accomplishing this. He will also discuss how WSO2 is eating its own dog food to improve efficiency in operations and integration across business functions and teams.
Este documento analiza las causas y consecuencias de la delincuencia cibernética en el siglo 21. Explora cómo el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías ha facilitado actividades delictivas virtuales. También discute los tipos de crímenes cibernéticos y cómo las personas y autoridades pueden prevenir y responder a estos delitos.
electrical safety
matching load and source
electrical source and load
benefits and dangers of electricity
dangers of electricity
benefits of electricity
Video and slides synchronized, mp3 and slide download available at URL http://bit.ly/1OKo5FN.
Danny Yuan discusses how stream processing is used in Uber's real-time system to solve a wide range of problems, including but not limited to real-time aggregation and prediction on geospatial time series, data migration, monitoring and alerting, and extracting patterns from data streams. Yuan also presents the architecture of the stream processing pipeline. Filmed at qconsf.com.
Danny Yuan is a software engineer in Uber. He's currently working on streaming systems for Uber's logistics platform. Prior to joining Uber, he worked on building Netflix's cloud platform. His work includes predictive autoscaling, distributed tracing service, real-time data pipeline that scaled to process hundreds of billions of events every day, and Netflix's low-latency crypto services.
Global Energy Technology Group plans to acquire farms in California to develop renewable energy projects using jatropha biodiesel. The company will purchase land and develop jatropha plantations to produce oil for biodiesel production. Jatropha is a drought-resistant crop suitable for marginal lands that produces oil for biodiesel without competing with food crops. The company expects to benefit from government incentives for biodiesel production and carbon credits from the jatropha plantations.
Solaris, a new crop species, shows potential as a sustainable source for bio-jet fuel production. It can grow in marginal lands, produces high oil yields from its seeds, and all plant parts can be used as energy sources. Sunchem has developed an integrated approach for a Solaris-based biofuel value chain involving research, agriculture, processing, and demand. Through conventional breeding and biotechnology, Solaris yields and oil content can be further improved to optimize its use. Field trials demonstrate its viability as a bio-jet fuel feedstock and Solaris may help address sustainability issues facing the aviation industry's increasing fuel needs.
Phillips bio industries inc. powerpointWendy Clarke
Phillips Bio-Industries is focused on producing biodiesel, biofuels, and responding to changes in energy laws to create opportunities in the renewable energy industry worldwide. The company aims to be a top biodiesel producer using bio-green technologies to help countries achieve energy independence through developing indigenous energy resources.
Microalgae for the production of bulk chemicals and fuelsivangenio1989
This document discusses the potential for producing bulk chemicals and biofuels from microalgae. While microalgae have a high areal productivity compared to terrestrial crops, the technology for large-scale microalgae production is still immature. Estimates of areal productivity need to be realistic. For microalgae to be economically feasible for fuel production, the production cost must be reduced significantly and scale increased dramatically. Biorefining all components of the microalgae biomass, including lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, will be important to develop a sustainable process. If nutrients, CO2 and energy inputs can be reduced through an optimized system design, the production cost could potentially be low enough for economic feasibility.
New Horizon Pvt. Ltd. is establishing a biodiesel production facility in Maharashtra, India using Jatropha seeds as a feedstock. The facility will have a production capacity of 5,000 kg per day. The document provides an overview of the company's vision and proprietary rights, as well as details on the financial requirements, manufacturing process, inventory management system, and marketing plan for the new biodiesel production operation.
The document discusses algae biofuel as a promising alternative fuel source. It provides information on the advantages of algae biofuel such as its high yield per acre and ability to use wastewater. The document also discusses challenges such as the need for large-scale sustainable algae production and efficient oil extraction methods. It outlines the key steps in the potential algae biofuel production process and value chain.
Energy crops their worldwide usage Data and Zohaib HUSSAIN
Energy crops
Introduction
An energy crop is a plant grown as a low-cost and low-maintenance harvest used to make biofuels, such as bioethanol, or combusted for its energy content to generate electricity or heat. Energy cropsare generally categorized as woody or herbaceous plants; many of the latter are grasses (Graminaceae).
Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted, high-yielding crop species where the energy crops will be burnt to generate power. Woody crops such as willow or poplar are widely utilised, as well as temperate grasses such as Miscanthus and Pennisetum purpureum (both known as elephant grass). If carbohydrate content is desired for the production of biogas, whole-crops such as maize,Sudan grass, millet, white sweet clover and many others, can be made into silage and then converted into biogas.
Through genetic modification and application of biotechnology plants can be manipulated to create greater yields, reduce associated costs and require less water. However, high energy yield can be realized with existing cultivars.
Type of energy crops
1. Solid biomass
Energy generated by burning plants grown for the purpose, often after the dry matter is pelletized. Energy crops are used for firing power plants, either alone or co-fired with other fuels. Alternatively they may be used for heat or combined heat and power (CHP) production.
2. Gas biomass (methane)
Anaerobic digesters or biogas plants can be directly supplemented with energy crops once they have been ensiled into silage. The fastest growing sector of German biofarming has been in the area of "Renewable Energy Crops" on nearly 500,000 ha of land (2006) Energy crops can also be grown to boost gas yields where feedstocks have low energy content, such as manures and spoiled grain. It is estimated that the energy yield presently of bioenergy crops converted via silage to methane is about 2 GWh/km². Small mixed cropping enterprises with animals can use a portion of their acreage to grow and convert energy crops and sustain the entire farms energy requirements with about 1/5 the acreage. In Europe and especially Germany, however, this rapid growth has occurred only with substantial government support, as in the German bonus system for renewable energy. Similar developments of integrating crop farming and bioenergy production via silage-methane have been almost entirely overlooked in N. America, where political and structural issues and a huge continued push to centralize energy production has overshadowed positive developments.
3. Liquid biomass
Biodiesel
European production of biodiesel from energy crops has grown steadily in the last decade, principally focused on rapeseed used for oil and energy. Production of oil/biodiesel from rape covers more than 12,000 km² in Germany alone, and has doubled in the past 15 years. Typical yield of oil as pure biodiesel may be is 100,000 L/km² or more, making biodiesel crops economically attra
A biofuel is a hydrocarbon that is made BY or FROM a living organism that we humans can use to power something. A thorough research work has been carried out by few of the colleagues(me & my MBA mates) to analyze the potential for the algae fuel and how can it be made commercially viable.
Production of BioDiesel Using Jatropha as a Feedstock ZY8
The document discusses the development and promotion of biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel in India. It notes that petroleum resources are finite so alternative renewable fuels are needed. Ethanol and biodiesel are environmentally friendly and can help meet stricter emission standards. Biodiesel has several advantages over petroleum diesel, and crops like Jatropha can provide feedstock while improving soil quality and generating rural employment. The document proposes a National Mission on Biodiesel to establish an integrated biofuel production capability in India through activities like Jatropha plantation, seed collection, oil extraction and biodiesel production. This would help energy security, rural development and reduce crude oil imports.
The worldwide demand for energy is projected to increase 36% by 2035. Decisions made today about energy investments and vehicles may have long-lasting implications. The document outlines plans to establish a sustainable biofuel production model in India from non-food feedstock like Jatropha through large-scale cultivation and an integrated refinery process. This would help energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions while benefiting farmers. The proposal seeks $1.75 million in angel funding and offers an excellent business plan to replicate this model internationally.
The worldwide demand for energy is projected to increase 36% by 2035. Decisions made today about energy investments and vehicles may have long-lasting implications. The document outlines plans to establish a sustainable biofuel production model in India from non-food feedstock like Jatropha through large-scale planting, oil processing facilities, research, and sales networks to meet energy needs, boost farmers' incomes, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The proposal seeks $1.75 million in angel investment and offers an established business plan and management team to execute the project.
The worldwide demand for energy is projected to increase 36% by 2035. Decisions made today about energy investments and vehicles may have long-lasting implications. The document outlines plans to establish an integrated biofuel production project in India from planting non-edible Jatropha seeds to producing diesel oil. It aims to be pro-poor and pro-farmer, establish contract farming, build a greenfield refinery using latest technology, and market the biodiesel while expanding to other countries. The goal is energy self-sufficiency for India and environmental benefits.
Agroindustria Madero S.A. is an Argentine company located in Buenos Aires province that processes soybeans and sunflower seeds to produce oil and animal feed. It is establishing a new subsidiary, BioMadero S.A., to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils as an additional product line. BioMadero will use Agroindustria Madero's existing suppliers and facilities to integrate biodiesel production. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can be produced from vegetable oils and used as a substitute or additive for diesel fuel.
1. Sugar production generates large amounts of biomass waste that can be used as fuel for power generation. Bagasse and press mud from sugar mills can also be used to produce biogas.
2. Cogeneration of power from bagasse is an attractive renewable energy project that has been implemented successfully in many sugar producing countries. It provides carbon-neutral electricity to sugar mills and improves their economic viability.
3. Sugar mills treat their waste water through extended aeration ponds and intensive biological oxidation before discharging to rivers.
The document discusses the concept of a bio-economy and services provided by a bio-economy consultancy. The consultancy offers four services to help clients realize their bio-economy goals: research, experimentation, process design/modeling, and project commissioning. Examples are given of leading bio-economy companies in areas like biofuels, biochemicals, and sustainable waste recovery.
This document discusses biodiesel production from algae in Egypt. It notes that algae have several advantages over other biodiesel feedstocks, including higher oil productivity per acre. Algae can be grown in open ponds or closed photobioreactors, with photobioreactors providing higher yields. The National Research Centre in Egypt isolates and grows local algae strains for products including oils, pigments, and nutraceuticals in open ponds and photobioreactors ranging from 1000L to 5000L. Algae have the potential to provide a sustainable domestic source of biodiesel in Egypt.
100% Biobased PET: A Sustainable Approach to Fiber, Films and Bottles.Gregory Keenan
Virent has developed a catalytic process called BioForming that can convert plant-based sugars into hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals. This process could enable the production of 100% renewable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. Virent is working with Coca-Cola to develop and supply plant-based paraxylene for use in fully biobased PET packaging and plans to have its first commercial chemicals plant producing aromatics like paraxylene by 2015.
TERRA-MEPP is a low-cost autonomous robot that analyzes biofuel crops throughout the growing season by collecting phenotypic and genotypic data to improve crop yields. It uses sensors to gather an unprecedented amount of field data on traits like height, stem diameter and leaf area. This data is analyzed to identify high-yielding plants and link desirable traits to genes to aid plant breeding for increased productivity and sustainability of biofuel crops like energy sorghum.
This document provides information on various aspects of professional biogas production, including substrates, silage, maize harvesting, and logistics. It discusses how substrate sourcing and processing before and after biogas production can account for around 50% of total operating costs. Maize silage is currently the dominant substrate but alternatives are being explored to address issues like transport costs over long distances and land availability near biogas plants. The document recommends considering substrate availability and transport when planning new biogas facilities.
2. FUELING THE FUTURE
In 2012, PETROSS began an
ambitious journey to transform
sugarcane and sweet sorghum
to naturally produce more biofuel
per acre than any other crop.
But PETROSS is about more than
engineering a better plant—it is
engineering a better future. A future
not diminished by greenhouse gas
emissions, but instead, a future
fueled by plants.
With critical support from ARPA-E, PETROSS is providing the
means for inexhaustible and sustainable wells of oil sprouting in
economically depressed rural areas. In just a few years, the project has
created bigger, more productive biofuel crops that can be grown on
more marginal land than ever before. But now could be the beginning
of the end. Only with commercial support can PETROSS help meet the
demands of the future by fully realizing the project’s vision for
ultra-productive biofuel crops grown in the U.S.
PLANTS ENGINEERED TO REPLACE OIL IN
SUGARCANE AND SWEET SORGHUM
3. PETROSS is engineering two of the most
productive crops in the world—sugarcane
and sweet sorghum—into ultra-productive
biofuel crops to provide an indefinite and
sustainable supply of bio-oil.
Normal sugarcane
and sorghum naturally
produce only 0.05% oil,
which is not enough to
convert into biodiesel
and jet fuel; however,
PETROSS crops are
being engineered to
produce as much as
20% oil—13x more
biodiesel per acre than
an acre of soybeans.
69%
PETROSS
CROPS COULD MEET
OF THE RFS2 MANDATE
Sugarcane has a limited
growing region; currently, it is
grown on just 892,700 acres
in the U.S. PETROSS crops
could be grown on 23 million
acres of marginal land in the
Southeastern U.S.
INCREASE OIL PRODUCTION
INCREASE PHOTOSYNTHESIS
INCREASE COLD TOLERANCE
The Renewable Fuel
Standards mandate (RFS2)
requires 36 billion gallons of
biofuel by 2022.
Plants that are better able
to turn the sun’s light energy
into chemical energy grow
larger and yield more.
PETROSS is engineering its
crops to photosynthesize 50%
more efficiently, which could
translate to 50% higher yields.
4. INCREASE OIL PRODUCTION
PETROSS OIL PROGRESS
PETROSS sugarcane produces 160x more oil—
that could be converted into biodiesel—than
normal sugarcane.
Plants naturally produce sugar as well
as the type of oil that is converted into
clean-burning biodiesel and jet fuel.
However, there is only 0.05% oil in the
plant because the oil is quickly metab-
olized into other chemicals. PETROSS
crops will produce as much as 20% oil
by speeding production and slowing
consumption. The crops’ oil can pro-
duce biofuel while the sugar can be
consumed, or converted into ethanol—
thus PETROSS crops are a bioeconomy
contained within a single genome.
Today PETROSS sugarcane produces
8% oil, which could yield 4.5x more
biodiesel per acre than soybeans,
with enough sugar left over to pro-
duce 2x more ethanol than an acre
of corn.
OBJECTIVES
PERCENTOILPERDRYWEIGHT
END 20%NOW 8%START 0.05%
PETROSS OIL PRODUCTION:
2015 SUGARCANE FIELD TRIAL
PETROSS sugarcane photosynthesizes more efficiently
than normal sugarcane, yielding 20% more biomass.
INCREASE PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Through photosynthesis, plants har-
ness energy from the sun to produce
the oil and sugar needed for biofuel
production. Photosynthetic improve-
ments directly translate to higher
yields. A digital design platform iden-
tified ways for PETROSS to increase
photosynthesis as much as 50% by
improving photosynthetic pathways
and engineering the crop canopy to
better utilize the sun’s light.
Today the project’s plants are 20%
more efficient and therefore yield
up to 20% more. Under cool condi-
tions, our lines have an even great-
er efficiency advantage—67% more
on average.
17%
taller
18%
thicker
stems
43%
more
stems
20%
more
biomass
NORMAL SUGARCANE PETROSS SUGARCANE
2012
PETROSS
sugarcane
2013 2014 2015 2016
0.05%
2.00%
5.50%
8.00%
0.80%
Normal
sugarcane
5. PROFITABLE PETROSS
PETROSS sugarcane is more profitable per acre than
soybeans and corn.
The true economic and market po-
tential of PETROSS crops is deter-
mined by analyzing yield, produc-
tion costs, and other factors using
SuperPro software. This detailed
techno-economic model, informed
by parallel industrial processes,
predicts profitability.
Accordingly, PETROSS crops will be
competitive with fossil fuels and
more productive and profitable per
acre than corn and soybeans. The
model’s predictions have been con-
firmed by BP Biofuel’s independent
techno-economic analysis.
MARKET ANALYSIS
EXTENDING THE GROWING REGION
Cold tolerant sugarcane could be grown on an
additional 23 million acres of marginal land in the
Southeastern U.S., replacing 28% of the fossil fuels
currently imported from outside the U.S.
INCREASE COLD TOLERANCE
Sugarcane has a limited growing re-
gion; it can be grown only in tropical
areas, including Hawaii, Florida, and
the southern edge of the Gulf Coast
states. To develop cold tolerant vari-
eties that could drastically increase
the crop’s growing region, sugar-
cane is crossed with Miscanthus, a
related grass that is productive in
colder climates.
Using new crossing technolo-
gies, PETROSS is producing sugar-
cane-Miscanthus hybrids that per-
form as well as Miscanthus at 10°C,
extending sugarcane’s growing sea-
son by 30 days and boosting yields
by as much as 25%.
Land where sugarcane currently grows
Marginal land available for PETROSS sugarcane
Land where PETROSS sugarcane will be able to grow
Current land used for food & feed crops
SOY-
BEANS
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
CORN
NORMAL
SUGAR-
CANE
PETROSS
SUGAR-
CANE
(20% OIL)
COPRODUCTS
ETHANOL
BIODIESEL
Total value of products per land ($/acre)
For additional figures, go to petross.illinois.edu
WE ARE HERE (8% OIL)
4.5x more profitable than soybean; 2x more profitable than corn
6x more profitable than soybean; 2.7x more profitable than corn
PETROSS
SUGAR-
CANE
(5% OIL)
6. THE BEGINNING OF THE END
2012
2013
DIGITAL DESIGN PLATFORM
Through the development of a digital design
platform, PETROSS identified promising approaches
to increased leaf and crop photosynthesis.
Crops have been engineered with genes that
have increased photosynthesis more than 20%.
Observed high rates of
photosynthesis at low temperatures
in two hybrids between sugarcane
and Miscanthus and then backcrossed
to sugarcane to transfer cold
tolerance from Miscanthus.
PROOF OF CONCEPT:
INCREASE PHOTOSYNTHESIS
INCREASE COLD TOLERANCE
Achieved 100-fold increase of
oil from 0.05% to 1%.
PROOF OF CONCEPT:
INCREASE OIL PRODUCTION
Method developed and
patented to separate oil
and sugars from lipid cane.
SEPARATION PROCESS
OF OIL SUGARS
2014
Large construct
built with the DNA
assembler technique.
TRANSFORMED
LARGE CONSTRUCTS
In 2014, sugarcane field
trials conducted in Florida.
FIELD TRIALS
Conducted techno-economic analysis for
sugarcane in 2014 and sorghum in 2015.
Submitted patents for bioengineered traits.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
In 2015, completed
sugarcane field trials
in Florida and sorghum
field trials in Illinois.
FIELD TRIALS
Tested process to
separate oil and sugar
from PETROSS sugarcane.
PILOT SCALE
2016
INCREASE OIL
PRODUCTION
Achieved 8% oil
accumulation.
2015
7. PETROSS has shown proof of concept, demonstrating that sugar-
cane and sorghum can be engineered to increase oil production,
photosynthesis and cold tolerance. But there is still critical work to
be done to realize the project’s full vision for renewable, green oil
fields that could ensure our nation’s energy security indefinitely.
In the last year of ARPA-E funding, the project will continue im-
proving upon its three objectives and field testing PETROSS cul-
tivars. With additional support, PETROSS technology can combine
the three objectives into one ultra-productive plant for the market.
Increase oil production to 20%
Increase photosynthesis by 50%
Increase cold tolerance
FUTURE
WE ARE HERE
PLANS FOR 2016
Only
possible
with partner
funding
Field test sugarcane lines
Techno-economic analysis of jet fuel from our lipid cane
Further improve photosynthesis
Test constructs with genes for three objectives
Further increase oil production to 20%
Target oil production in stems
Backcross hybrids to sugarcane to transfer cold tolerance
Field test 8% oil lines
Pilot scale test of oil extraction from field harvest
Increase oil extraction efficiency
Combine PETROSS traits into one plant
50%
50%
8. The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) funds concepts, including
PETROSS, that industry alone cannot support, but whose success would dramatically
benefit the nation. Its high-risk, high-reward programs aim to substantially reduce foreign
energy imports; cut energy-related greenhouse gas emissions; and improve efficiency
across the energy spectrum.
A PROJECT FUNDED BY ARPA-E, LED BY THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
PETROSS.ILLINOIS.EDU
PLANTS ENGINEERED TO REPLACE OIL IN
SUGARCANE AND SWEET SORGHUM
INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE
OR PARTNERING WITH PETROSS?
Contact Ank Michielsen to learn
more about PETROSS, including
various opportunities to fund this
research and capitalize on the
project’s intellectual property.
CONTACT:
PETROSS Project Manager
Ank Michielsen
michiels@illinois.edu
217-244-7473