This document discusses several personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, and histrionic personality disorders. It defines personality disorders as enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms and cause distress. Paranoid personality disorder involves irrational suspicions and mistrust. Schizoid personality disorder involves a lack of interest in social relationships and emotions. Schizotypal personality disorder involves odd thinking and behavior. Histrionic personality disorder involves exaggerated emotions and seeking attention. Genetics and environment may contribute to these disorders. Treatment involves psychotherapy and sometimes medication.
Personality disorders are inflexible maladaptive behavior patterns that impair functioning and relationships. The document defines and describes several personality disorders including:
1. Paranoid personality disorder characterized by distrust and suspiciousness of others.
2. Schizoid personality disorder characterized by detachment from relationships and restricted emotions.
3. Schizotypal personality disorder characterized by odd thinking, behavior, and severe discomfort with others.
It provides diagnostic criteria and discusses predisposing factors for each disorder. Personality disorders are long-lasting patterns that cause significant impairment but the individual remains in touch with reality.
This document summarizes key information about schizophrenia. It begins by explaining the original term for the disorder, dementia praecox, and how the current term schizophrenia was coined. It then describes the four main symptoms - blunted affect, loose associations, autism, and ambivalence. The next section provides diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5, including characteristic symptoms, social/occupational dysfunction, duration of signs, and exclusions. The document concludes by outlining demographic factors, potential causes, symptoms, course, and treatment of schizophrenia.
Tyler Parker, a 15-year-old male, is being evaluated for schizotypal personality disorder. He displays signs such as odd thinking, inappropriate affect, peculiar behavior and appearance, lack of friends, and excessive social anxiety. Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by social deficits, cognitive distortions, and odd behavior. It is diagnosed when at least five criteria from the DSM-IV-TR are met. Potential causes include genetic, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy and medications.
Personality refers to characteristics that make individuals unique, including how they think, feel, and behave. A personality disorder is a lasting pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate from cultural norms and cause distress. There are three clusters of personality disorders - odd/eccentric, dramatic/emotional, and anxious/fearful. The document provides details on specific disorders within each cluster such as paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It describes symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches for several disorders.
Personality disorders are inflexible patterns of behavior that cause distress and impairment. They include odd, dramatic, and anxious clusters. Treatment focuses on setting limits, avoiding judgment, and maintaining calm communication. Understanding personality disorders improves relationships and reduces stress.
The document provides an overview of personality disorders, including the 3 clusters (A, B, and C), and then describes specific personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders from Cluster A. It discusses clinical descriptions, causes, treatment, prevalence, and DSM-5 criteria for each. For paranoid personality disorder, it notes the defining characteristic is unjustified distrust and suspicion of others. It then begins describing antisocial personality disorder from Cluster B.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders as defined in the DSM-IV. It describes the main features of personality disorders, including extreme and inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that deviate from a person's culture and cause impairment. It outlines the three clusters of personality disorders (A, B and C), describes each specific disorder, and discusses issues with the categorical model used in the DSM for classifying personality disorders.
This document discusses several personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, and histrionic personality disorders. It defines personality disorders as enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms and cause distress. Paranoid personality disorder involves irrational suspicions and mistrust. Schizoid personality disorder involves a lack of interest in social relationships and emotions. Schizotypal personality disorder involves odd thinking and behavior. Histrionic personality disorder involves exaggerated emotions and seeking attention. Genetics and environment may contribute to these disorders. Treatment involves psychotherapy and sometimes medication.
Personality disorders are inflexible maladaptive behavior patterns that impair functioning and relationships. The document defines and describes several personality disorders including:
1. Paranoid personality disorder characterized by distrust and suspiciousness of others.
2. Schizoid personality disorder characterized by detachment from relationships and restricted emotions.
3. Schizotypal personality disorder characterized by odd thinking, behavior, and severe discomfort with others.
It provides diagnostic criteria and discusses predisposing factors for each disorder. Personality disorders are long-lasting patterns that cause significant impairment but the individual remains in touch with reality.
This document summarizes key information about schizophrenia. It begins by explaining the original term for the disorder, dementia praecox, and how the current term schizophrenia was coined. It then describes the four main symptoms - blunted affect, loose associations, autism, and ambivalence. The next section provides diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5, including characteristic symptoms, social/occupational dysfunction, duration of signs, and exclusions. The document concludes by outlining demographic factors, potential causes, symptoms, course, and treatment of schizophrenia.
Tyler Parker, a 15-year-old male, is being evaluated for schizotypal personality disorder. He displays signs such as odd thinking, inappropriate affect, peculiar behavior and appearance, lack of friends, and excessive social anxiety. Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by social deficits, cognitive distortions, and odd behavior. It is diagnosed when at least five criteria from the DSM-IV-TR are met. Potential causes include genetic, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy and medications.
Personality refers to characteristics that make individuals unique, including how they think, feel, and behave. A personality disorder is a lasting pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate from cultural norms and cause distress. There are three clusters of personality disorders - odd/eccentric, dramatic/emotional, and anxious/fearful. The document provides details on specific disorders within each cluster such as paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It describes symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches for several disorders.
Personality disorders are inflexible patterns of behavior that cause distress and impairment. They include odd, dramatic, and anxious clusters. Treatment focuses on setting limits, avoiding judgment, and maintaining calm communication. Understanding personality disorders improves relationships and reduces stress.
The document provides an overview of personality disorders, including the 3 clusters (A, B, and C), and then describes specific personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders from Cluster A. It discusses clinical descriptions, causes, treatment, prevalence, and DSM-5 criteria for each. For paranoid personality disorder, it notes the defining characteristic is unjustified distrust and suspicion of others. It then begins describing antisocial personality disorder from Cluster B.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders as defined in the DSM-IV. It describes the main features of personality disorders, including extreme and inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that deviate from a person's culture and cause impairment. It outlines the three clusters of personality disorders (A, B and C), describes each specific disorder, and discusses issues with the categorical model used in the DSM for classifying personality disorders.
This document provides an overview of personality and personality disorders. It defines personality as the unique qualities that make an individual different from others, including their traits, habits, experiences and tendencies. A personality disorder is conceptualized as an abnormal personality that causes distress or impairment. The document discusses how an individual's personality shapes their mental state and how they become mentally ill, noting that the distinction between personality and mental illness is artificial. It also briefly discusses epidemiology of personality disorders.
The document discusses personality and personality disorders. It defines personality as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself and the environment. Personality disorders are diagnosed when inflexible personality traits significantly impair functioning or cause distress. The document outlines several theories of personality development and classifies personality disorders into three clusters (A, B, and C) based on common characteristics.
Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. They are characterized by odd, aloof features. Paranoid personality disorder involves pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. Schizoid personality disorder involves detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotions. Schizotypal personality disorder involves acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior. Genetic and biological factors may contribute to the development of these disorders. Psychotherapy is the primary treatment approach.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
Schizoid personality disorder is an uncommon condition in which people avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with others. They also have a limited range of emotional expression.
If you have schizoid personality disorder, you may be seen as a loner or dismissive of others, and you may lack the desire or skill to form close personal relationships. Because you don't tend to show emotion, you may appear as though you don't care about others or what's going on around you.
The cause of schizoid personality disorder is unknown. Talk therapy, and in some cases medications, can help.
This document discusses personality disorders as classified in the DSM-5. It focuses on paranoid personality disorder. Some key points:
- Personality disorders are grouped into 3 clusters (A, B, C) based on similar traits. Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disorders.
- Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by pervasive suspiciousness and distrust of others. People with this disorder tend to interpret actions as threatening and attribute their own feelings to others.
- Treatment involves psychotherapy with a professional but not overly warm style. Group therapy can be useful but many cannot tolerate behavior therapy. Medication may help reduce anxiety and agitation in severe cases.
This document discusses personality disorders and their classification. It defines personality disorders as enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate from a person's culture and cause impairment. Personality disorders are divided into three clusters - A, B, and C - based on similar characteristics. Cluster A disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities. Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personalities. Cluster C comprises avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personalities. The document provides descriptions of each disorder's traits and symptoms. Treatment involves long-term psychotherapy as personality disorders develop gradually over time.
This document discusses personality disorders and provides information about specific disorders. It defines personality disorders as long-standing, inflexible patterns of behavior that depart from cultural expectations and impair functioning. Specific disorders covered include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. Diagnostic criteria and characteristics of each disorder are provided. The document also discusses causes and treatments of personality disorders in general.
Personality disorders are characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience that deviate significantly from the expectations of one's culture. There are several personality disorders classified in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV systems including paranoid, schizoid, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic disorders. Nursing interventions focus on providing a safe environment, explaining rules consistently, identifying triggers, monitoring for suicidal ideation and developing alternative coping strategies to dysfunctional behaviors.
This document discusses different types of personality disorders. It defines personality as patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make individuals unique. Personality disorders involve atypical beliefs and attitudes compared to most people. The document then describes several specific personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. It provides examples of common thoughts and behaviors associated with each. The conclusion states that personality disorders can be challenging to treat but therapies like CBT aim to help patients change thoughts and behaviors to develop relationships and satisfaction in life.
Personality disorder and mental retardation.Kapil Dhital
This document discusses various personality disorders and mental retardation. It describes 10 personality disorders grouped into 3 clusters (A, B, C). Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal disorders. Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic disorders. Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It also discusses the essential features, course, prognosis and treatment of each disorder. Mental retardation is defined as innate intellectual deficiency of varying severity based on IQ. Potential causes include genetic, medical and environmental factors.
Personality is vital to defining who we are
as individuals. It involves a unique blend of traits—including attitudes,
thoughts, behaviors, and moods—as well as how we express these traits in our
contacts with other people and the world around us. Some characteristics of an
individual’s personality are inherited, and some are shaped by life events and
experiences. A personality disorder can develop if certain personality traits
become too rigid and inflexible.
People with personality disorders have
long-standing patterns of thinking and acting that differ from what society
considers usual or normal. The inflexibility of their personality can cause
great distress, and can interfere with many areas of life, including social and
work functioning. People with personality disorders generally also have poor
coping skills and difficulty forming healthy relationships.
Unlike people with anxiety disorders, who
know they have a problem but are unable to control it, people with personality
disorders generally are not aware that they have a problem and do not believe
they have anything to control. Because they do not believe they have a
disorder, people with personality disorders often do not seek treatment.
Schizoid personality disorder is one of a
group of conditions called eccentric personality disorders. People with these
disorders often appear odd or peculiar. People with schizoid personality
disorder also tend to be distant, detached, and indifferent to social relationships.
They generally are loners who prefer solitary activities and rarely express
strong emotion. Although the names sound alike and they might have some similar
symptoms, schizoid personality disorder is not the same thing as schizophrenia.
Many people with schizoid personality disorder can function fairly well. They
tend to choose jobs that allow them to work alone, such as night security
officers and library or laboratory workers.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders and theories of personality development. It defines personality disorders and outlines several theories including Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Freud's psychosexual stages and structural model of personality, Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development. Key concepts from each theory are discussed in detail, such as schemas, assimilation, accommodation, fixation, the id, ego, and superego. The document also evaluates some of Freud's theories and discusses the interaction between components of Freud's structural model.
There are 10 personality disorders classified into 3 clusters: A) odd/eccentric behavior, B) dramatic/emotional behavior, and C) anxious/fearful behavior. Some disorders include paranoid personality disorder, characterized by distrust and suspiciousness, and avoidant personality disorder, characterized by social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy. Treatment may involve medication, psychotherapy, social skills training, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
This document provides information on several personality disorders, including definitions, classifications, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders in Cluster A. Cluster B disorders covered are antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. The document aims to inform readers about the characteristics and clinical approach to these conditions.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), a personality disorder is an "enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment."
Because these disorders are chronic and pervasive, they can lead to serious impairments in daily life and functioning.
Different Disorders have been discussed.
Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotion, attention seeking, and inappropriate seductive behavior. It affects about 2-3% of the general population and disproportionately more women than men. Treatment involves psychotherapy and cognitive therapy to address issues like manipulation of others, unrealistic self-views, and risk-taking behaviors that can lead to depression when relationships end.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships and impulsive behavior. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) effectively treats BPD by balancing acceptance and change strategies. DBT aims to help clients build lives worth living and teaches skills like mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation to manage intense emotions and improve relationships. Treatment involves eliminating life-threatening behaviors, therapy-interfering behaviors, and focusing on quality of life.
This document defines personality disorders and provides details on specific types. It begins by defining personality disorders as traits that consistently influence behavior. It then discusses diagnosis and clusters personality disorders into three groups: Cluster A (eccentric/odd), Cluster B (erratic/dramatic), and Cluster C (anxious/fearful). For each type, it lists clinical manifestations and describes features such as social detachment, impulsivity, narcissism, and perfectionism. The document concludes by covering signs and symptoms, nursing diagnoses, and nursing interventions for personality disorders.
Personality Disorders & Impulse Control Disorderyuyuricci
Personality disorders are characterized by extreme and inflexible patterns of thinking and behaving. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others and a pattern of violating the rights of others. It has a prevalence of 0.6-3.0% in the community and is more common in men. Risk factors include childhood experiences like abuse, inconsistent parenting, and a temperament prone to aggression and low self-control. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder often break laws and social norms through behaviors like manipulation, deceitfulness, and lack of remorse.
This is my presentation for class on psychological disorders. I compelted many hours of research on this topic as well as studying mental illness on my own time.
Biology and Psychology: Behavior is the result of the mutual relation between “nature” and “nurture”. The result of a complicated interaction between “genes” and “environment”: integration Mind and Brain.
Consequences for looking at pathology:
No causal relation between risc factors and the development of pathology; the amount of risc factors is in a way predictable.
The quality of the early attachment relationships is important for the possible development of pathology.
This document provides an overview of personality and personality disorders. It defines personality as the unique qualities that make an individual different from others, including their traits, habits, experiences and tendencies. A personality disorder is conceptualized as an abnormal personality that causes distress or impairment. The document discusses how an individual's personality shapes their mental state and how they become mentally ill, noting that the distinction between personality and mental illness is artificial. It also briefly discusses epidemiology of personality disorders.
The document discusses personality and personality disorders. It defines personality as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself and the environment. Personality disorders are diagnosed when inflexible personality traits significantly impair functioning or cause distress. The document outlines several theories of personality development and classifies personality disorders into three clusters (A, B, and C) based on common characteristics.
Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. They are characterized by odd, aloof features. Paranoid personality disorder involves pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. Schizoid personality disorder involves detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotions. Schizotypal personality disorder involves acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior. Genetic and biological factors may contribute to the development of these disorders. Psychotherapy is the primary treatment approach.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
Schizoid personality disorder is an uncommon condition in which people avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with others. They also have a limited range of emotional expression.
If you have schizoid personality disorder, you may be seen as a loner or dismissive of others, and you may lack the desire or skill to form close personal relationships. Because you don't tend to show emotion, you may appear as though you don't care about others or what's going on around you.
The cause of schizoid personality disorder is unknown. Talk therapy, and in some cases medications, can help.
This document discusses personality disorders as classified in the DSM-5. It focuses on paranoid personality disorder. Some key points:
- Personality disorders are grouped into 3 clusters (A, B, C) based on similar traits. Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disorders.
- Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by pervasive suspiciousness and distrust of others. People with this disorder tend to interpret actions as threatening and attribute their own feelings to others.
- Treatment involves psychotherapy with a professional but not overly warm style. Group therapy can be useful but many cannot tolerate behavior therapy. Medication may help reduce anxiety and agitation in severe cases.
This document discusses personality disorders and their classification. It defines personality disorders as enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate from a person's culture and cause impairment. Personality disorders are divided into three clusters - A, B, and C - based on similar characteristics. Cluster A disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities. Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personalities. Cluster C comprises avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personalities. The document provides descriptions of each disorder's traits and symptoms. Treatment involves long-term psychotherapy as personality disorders develop gradually over time.
This document discusses personality disorders and provides information about specific disorders. It defines personality disorders as long-standing, inflexible patterns of behavior that depart from cultural expectations and impair functioning. Specific disorders covered include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. Diagnostic criteria and characteristics of each disorder are provided. The document also discusses causes and treatments of personality disorders in general.
Personality disorders are characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience that deviate significantly from the expectations of one's culture. There are several personality disorders classified in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV systems including paranoid, schizoid, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic disorders. Nursing interventions focus on providing a safe environment, explaining rules consistently, identifying triggers, monitoring for suicidal ideation and developing alternative coping strategies to dysfunctional behaviors.
This document discusses different types of personality disorders. It defines personality as patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make individuals unique. Personality disorders involve atypical beliefs and attitudes compared to most people. The document then describes several specific personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. It provides examples of common thoughts and behaviors associated with each. The conclusion states that personality disorders can be challenging to treat but therapies like CBT aim to help patients change thoughts and behaviors to develop relationships and satisfaction in life.
Personality disorder and mental retardation.Kapil Dhital
This document discusses various personality disorders and mental retardation. It describes 10 personality disorders grouped into 3 clusters (A, B, C). Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal disorders. Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic disorders. Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It also discusses the essential features, course, prognosis and treatment of each disorder. Mental retardation is defined as innate intellectual deficiency of varying severity based on IQ. Potential causes include genetic, medical and environmental factors.
Personality is vital to defining who we are
as individuals. It involves a unique blend of traits—including attitudes,
thoughts, behaviors, and moods—as well as how we express these traits in our
contacts with other people and the world around us. Some characteristics of an
individual’s personality are inherited, and some are shaped by life events and
experiences. A personality disorder can develop if certain personality traits
become too rigid and inflexible.
People with personality disorders have
long-standing patterns of thinking and acting that differ from what society
considers usual or normal. The inflexibility of their personality can cause
great distress, and can interfere with many areas of life, including social and
work functioning. People with personality disorders generally also have poor
coping skills and difficulty forming healthy relationships.
Unlike people with anxiety disorders, who
know they have a problem but are unable to control it, people with personality
disorders generally are not aware that they have a problem and do not believe
they have anything to control. Because they do not believe they have a
disorder, people with personality disorders often do not seek treatment.
Schizoid personality disorder is one of a
group of conditions called eccentric personality disorders. People with these
disorders often appear odd or peculiar. People with schizoid personality
disorder also tend to be distant, detached, and indifferent to social relationships.
They generally are loners who prefer solitary activities and rarely express
strong emotion. Although the names sound alike and they might have some similar
symptoms, schizoid personality disorder is not the same thing as schizophrenia.
Many people with schizoid personality disorder can function fairly well. They
tend to choose jobs that allow them to work alone, such as night security
officers and library or laboratory workers.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders and theories of personality development. It defines personality disorders and outlines several theories including Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Freud's psychosexual stages and structural model of personality, Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development. Key concepts from each theory are discussed in detail, such as schemas, assimilation, accommodation, fixation, the id, ego, and superego. The document also evaluates some of Freud's theories and discusses the interaction between components of Freud's structural model.
There are 10 personality disorders classified into 3 clusters: A) odd/eccentric behavior, B) dramatic/emotional behavior, and C) anxious/fearful behavior. Some disorders include paranoid personality disorder, characterized by distrust and suspiciousness, and avoidant personality disorder, characterized by social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy. Treatment may involve medication, psychotherapy, social skills training, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
This document provides information on several personality disorders, including definitions, classifications, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders in Cluster A. Cluster B disorders covered are antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. The document aims to inform readers about the characteristics and clinical approach to these conditions.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), a personality disorder is an "enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment."
Because these disorders are chronic and pervasive, they can lead to serious impairments in daily life and functioning.
Different Disorders have been discussed.
Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotion, attention seeking, and inappropriate seductive behavior. It affects about 2-3% of the general population and disproportionately more women than men. Treatment involves psychotherapy and cognitive therapy to address issues like manipulation of others, unrealistic self-views, and risk-taking behaviors that can lead to depression when relationships end.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships and impulsive behavior. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) effectively treats BPD by balancing acceptance and change strategies. DBT aims to help clients build lives worth living and teaches skills like mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation to manage intense emotions and improve relationships. Treatment involves eliminating life-threatening behaviors, therapy-interfering behaviors, and focusing on quality of life.
This document defines personality disorders and provides details on specific types. It begins by defining personality disorders as traits that consistently influence behavior. It then discusses diagnosis and clusters personality disorders into three groups: Cluster A (eccentric/odd), Cluster B (erratic/dramatic), and Cluster C (anxious/fearful). For each type, it lists clinical manifestations and describes features such as social detachment, impulsivity, narcissism, and perfectionism. The document concludes by covering signs and symptoms, nursing diagnoses, and nursing interventions for personality disorders.
Personality Disorders & Impulse Control Disorderyuyuricci
Personality disorders are characterized by extreme and inflexible patterns of thinking and behaving. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others and a pattern of violating the rights of others. It has a prevalence of 0.6-3.0% in the community and is more common in men. Risk factors include childhood experiences like abuse, inconsistent parenting, and a temperament prone to aggression and low self-control. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder often break laws and social norms through behaviors like manipulation, deceitfulness, and lack of remorse.
This is my presentation for class on psychological disorders. I compelted many hours of research on this topic as well as studying mental illness on my own time.
Biology and Psychology: Behavior is the result of the mutual relation between “nature” and “nurture”. The result of a complicated interaction between “genes” and “environment”: integration Mind and Brain.
Consequences for looking at pathology:
No causal relation between risc factors and the development of pathology; the amount of risc factors is in a way predictable.
The quality of the early attachment relationships is important for the possible development of pathology.
Mood Disorders Mental Health Nursing Chapter 16 Part Iilifeisgood727
The document discusses bipolar disorder and mood disorders. It covers biological, psychosocial and developmental theories of bipolar disorder. It also discusses symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for bipolar disorder including in children and adolescents. Treatment includes psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy and family interventions. The nursing process for patients with mood disorders or who are suicidal is also summarized including assessment, diagnoses, planning and evaluation.
This document summarizes mood disorders including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. It discusses the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, treatment goals, and pharmacotherapy options for these conditions. Key points include that major depressive disorder is more prevalent in women while bipolar disorder is equal between men and women; biological and psychosocial factors can contribute to the development of mood disorders; and treatment may involve hospitalization, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medications like SSRIs, SNRIs, lithium, and antipsychotics depending on the specific diagnosis.
This document discusses several personality disorders as defined by the DSM-IV-TR including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, and dependent personality disorders. For each disorder, it provides definitions, epidemiological statistics, clinical features, and potential predisposing factors. The causes of these personality disorders are complex and not fully understood, but may involve genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental influences.
Drug & substance abuse Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroine, alcohol and prescription...OrnellaRN
Risk Factors, Effects on the brain,Symptoms, Warning signs and treatment.
Drugs and substances such as marijuana, cocaine and heroine are not the only substances that can be abused. Alcohol, prescription drugs and over-the-counter medications, inhalant and solvents, sedatives, coffee and cigarettes.
Substance Abuse, Psychiatric Nursing, B. Sc (N) PPTNithiy Uday
The document discusses substance abuse and alcohol dependence. It defines key terms like substance abuse, addiction, dependence, and withdrawal. It covers the ICD-10 classification of substance use disorders and commonly abused substances. It discusses the etiology of substance abuse from biological, behavioral, psychological, and social perspectives. It provides details on the stages of alcoholism, clinical features of alcohol dependence, and psychiatric disorders caused by alcohol like acute intoxication, withdrawal syndrome, amnestic disorders, and mood disorders. It also covers relapse in alcohol dependence and complications of long-term alcohol abuse.
An addiction is a complex brain disease that causes physical and mental dependence on drugs. Prolonged drug use changes the brain's structure and communication, making it difficult to stop using drugs. While addiction can be treated through rehabilitation, relapses and health issues often remain. Many factors contribute to drug addiction, including environment, biology, development, and peer pressure. Different drugs have various short-term and long-term effects on physical and mental health. Seeking help from a drug helpline is recommended for those struggling with addiction.
This document provides information on personality disorders as defined in the DSM-5. It begins with a general definition of personality disorder and lists the 10 specific personality disorders included: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It then provides more detail on the defining features of paranoid and schizoid personality disorders.
Personality disorders refer to long-standing patterns of behavior that depart from cultural expectations and impair functioning. They are coded on Axis II of the DSM and can co-occur with Axis I disorders. Personality disorders fall into three clusters - odd/eccentric, dramatic/erratic, and anxious/fearful - and include paranoid, schizoid, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders. Therapies aim to change understanding of childhood issues underlying disorders and target specific symptoms, with the goal of changing disorders into styles except for antisocial personality disorder. Complications can include depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and substance abuse.
Paranoid personality disorder is a chronic condition characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. It affects 1-4% of adults and can cause significant distress through disruptive patterns of thinking and relating. Symptoms include chronic suspicions of exploitation by others and feelings of being deceived. Both genetic and childhood trauma factors may contribute to its development, and it is typically treated with cognitive behavioral therapy to modify distorted thoughts and improve relationships and functioning.
The document discusses Cluster A personality disorders, which include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. It provides definitions and classifications of personality disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR. For each Cluster A disorder, it describes epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment approaches. The disorders are characterized by social detachment, suspiciousness, odd or eccentric behaviors, and peculiar thinking patterns. Treatment involves psychotherapy and in some cases pharmacotherapy to reduce symptoms and paranoid ideation.
The DSM-5 organizes 10 personality disorders into 3 groups, or clusters, based on shared key features. Cluster C Personality disorders includes 3 disorders sharing anxious and fearful features. Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive.
Define Personality disorder
List The Causes of Personality disorders
Know General Personality Disorder Criteria
List Differential Diagnosis
List and define Clusters: A, B, and C criteria and treatment
This document discusses personality disorders and provides details about three cluster A personality disorders: paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. It defines personality disorders as inflexible patterns of thinking, functioning, and behaving that cause problems in relationships and other areas of life. Cluster A disorders are characterized by odd or eccentric thinking and behaviors. Specific diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches are outlined for each of the three disorders.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including their history, definitions, assessment methods, and classifications. Some key points:
- Personality disorders are deeply ingrained and maladaptive patterns of behavior that begin by adolescence and continue into adulthood. They were first conceptualized by Hippocrates in terms of four humors or personality types.
- Modern assessments include clinical interviews, structured questionnaires, and screening tools. The most commonly used standardized classifications are the ICD-10 and DSM-5.
- Specific personality disorders discussed include paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, histrionic, and emotionally unstable personality disorder. Each has defining features involving cognition, emotion, interpersonal functioning
It explains about what is personality, give a brief introduction about personality disorder, describes three clusters of personality disorder with detailed explanations about the 10 personality disorder starting from cluster A disorder paranoid personality disorder to anti social personality disorder from cluster B to Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Personality disorders are enduring patterns of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate from cultural expectations. They are categorized into three clusters: odd/eccentric (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal), dramatic/emotional (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic), and anxious/fearful (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive). Each disorder is characterized by distinct symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches involving psychotherapy and sometimes medication.
Presentation of Dependent Personality Disorder based on DSM5 (Diagnositc and Statistical Manual Fifth Edition) published by American Psychiatric Association in 2013.
AssignmentRespond to at least two of your colleagues .docxnormanibarber20063
Assignment:
Respond
to at least
two
of your colleagues by comparing the differential diagnostic features of the disorder you were assigned to the diagnostic features of the disorder your colleagues were assigned. What are their similarities and differences? How might you differentiate the two diagnoses?
Support your responses with evidence-based literature with at least two references in each colleague’s response with proper citation in APA Format.
Colleagues Respond # 1
Diagnostic Criteria for Boderline Personality Disorder
Patients suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder have a fear of abandonment or difficulty in sustaining being left alone (Gunderson et al., 2018). It usually starts at a minor age and worsen in young adulthood but may resolve with age later in life. Persons with borderline respond well to the treatment and can live satisfying lives for long. A client with borderline personality disorder has a pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, poor self-image, impulsivity, and unstable mood and affect (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5) notes that five or more criteria should be met which include affective instability, inappropriate anger, impulsivity, unstable relationships, feelings of emptiness, paranoia or dissociation, identity disturbance, abandonment fears, and suicidality or self-injury (Hall & Riedford, 2017). Hall and Riedford (2017) also note that most client display all these characteristics.
Evidenced-based Psychotherapy and Psychopharmacologic treatment for Boderline Personality Disorder
When one is diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder, there are several treatment modalities that the patient may be taken through. Psychotherapy is the mainstay treatment for borderline personality disorder. Also referred to as talk therapy, is use of psychological ways like personal interaction, listening to individual talk about their problems, also helping one overcome their obstacles (Borderline personality disorder - Symptoms and causes., 2018). “Several types of psychotherapy include; dialectical behavior therapy which is skills-based to enable educate individuals on how to handle their challenges and to tolerate stress. Schema-focused therapy, is focused on dealing with the unmet needs of the individual that might promote positive living. Transference-focused psychotherapy, assist the individual in understanding their emotions and difficulties through creating a relationship with the therapist” (Gunderson et al., 2018).
At the moment there are no specific drugs meant to manage borderline personality disorder, but treatment-using drugs might be done in the management of a patient presenting with depression, anxiety and impulsiveness (Gunderson et al., 2018). Aripiprazole has shown effectiveness in reductions in anger, impulsivity, depression, and anxiety (Parker & Naeem, 2019). Olanzapine has demonstrated some small improvemen.
A Borderline Personality Disorder Primer by Kiera Van Gelder, MFAKiera Van Gelder
This document provides an overview of borderline personality disorder (BPD). It discusses how BPD involves impulsivity and dysregulation in how a person perceives themselves and relates to others. The document outlines the nine diagnostic criteria for BPD according to the DSM-IV and describes some of the common traits and behaviors associated with the disorder such as emotional dysregulation, unstable relationships, and shifting self-image. It discusses theories on the biological and environmental factors that may contribute to the development of BPD. The document also outlines several evidence-based treatments for BPD and stages of recovery.
This document provides an overview of evaluating and treating patients with personality disorders in primary care. It discusses keys to diagnosis and differential diagnosis, initial management options, and the importance of referral, consultation and care coordination. Diagnostic criteria for several specific personality disorders are reviewed, including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Treatment considerations and the generally enduring nature of personality disorders are also covered.
This document discusses personality and personality disorders. It defines personality as a combination of personal and environmental traits that gives one a unique adjustment style. It notes that personality is dynamic and changing. Personality disorders occur when traits become inflexible and maladaptive, causing distress or impairment. The document outlines several personality disorder clusters and characteristics, with a focus on paranoid personality disorder. It describes the clinical picture, diagnosis, incidence, etiology, and management of paranoid personality disorder. Management includes psychotherapy, group therapy, medications, and hospitalization if needed.
This document provides information on Cluster B personality disorders including histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. It discusses key characteristics of each disorder such as attention seeking behavior, grandiosity, unstable relationships, and disregard for others. It also examines prevalence rates, co-morbidity with other disorders, and potential causal factors like genetics and childhood trauma. Assessment methods like the BIS/BAS scale are also mentioned.
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive need for approval, reassurance, and close relationships due to fears of separation and being alone. People with this disorder rely on others to make decisions and meet their needs. They have low self-esteem and difficulty expressing disagreement with others. Treatment focuses on psychotherapy to improve independence, self-esteem, and form healthy relationships through improving decision making skills and reducing fears of abandonment. While medications can help with related anxiety or depression, psychotherapy is the primary treatment approach for dependent personality disorder.
Personality disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate significantly from the expectations of the individual's culture. These patterns are inflexible, pervasive across many contexts, and lead to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Personality disorders are usually categorized into three clusters based on similar characteristics and symptoms:
**Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Disorders**
1. **Paranoid Personality Disorder**: Characterized by pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. Individuals often believe that others are out to harm, deceive, or exploit them, even without substantial evidence. They may be reluctant to confide in others and often interpret benign remarks or events as personal attacks.
2. **Schizoid Personality Disorder**: Marked by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression. People with this disorder tend to be solitary, have little desire for social interactions, and are indifferent to praise or criticism from others.
3. **Schizotypal Personality Disorder**: Involves acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors. Individuals may have odd beliefs, magical thinking, or peculiar ways of dressing and speaking. They often have social anxiety and may come across as eccentric or bizarre.
**Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Disorders**
1. **Antisocial Personality Disorder**: Characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Individuals may engage in deceit, manipulation, and impulsivity, and often have a history of criminal behavior. They typically show a lack of remorse for their actions.
2. **Borderline Personality Disorder**: Involves instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions. People with this disorder may experience intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety, often lasting a few hours to a few days. They may have a chronic fear of abandonment and may engage in self-harming behaviors or suicidal gestures.
3. **Histrionic Personality Disorder**: Marked by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior. Individuals often feel uncomfortable when they are not the center of attention, and they may use their physical appearance or provocative behavior to draw attention. They tend to be highly suggestible and may consider relationships to be more intimate than they actually are.
4. **Narcissistic Personality Disorder**: Involves a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others. People with this disorder often have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, and a lack of understanding or consideration for the feelings of others. They may exploit relationships for personal gain.
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
Similar to Personality disordersparanoidandschizoidfinaledit (20)
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2. PERSONALITY?
comes from the Latin word persona, which
referred to a theatrical mask work by
performers in order to either project
different roles or disguise their identities.
pattern of relatively permanent traits and
unique characteristics that give both
consistency and individuality to a person's
behavior.“ (Feist and Feist, 2009)
3. PERSONALITY DISORDER?
DSM IV-TR:
An enduring pattern of
inner experience and
behavior that deviates
markedly from the
expectations of the
individual's culture.
4. PERSONALITY DISORDER?
manifested in two (or more) of the following
areas:
Cognition – ways of perceiving and interpreting
Affectivity – intensity of emotional response
Interpersonal functioning – social functioning
Impulse control – control actions after thinking
5. CHARACTERIZING NORMAL PERSONALITY
FIVE–FACTOR MODEL OF
PERSONALITY:
• NEUROTICISM – anxiety
• EXTRAVERSION/INTROVERSION – activity
• OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE – feelings
• AGREEABLESNESS/ANTAGONISM – trust
• CONSCIENTIOUSNESS – competence
6. NEUROTICIS
M
EXTRAVERSI
ON
OPENNESS
TO
EXPERIENCE
AGREEABLEN
ESS
CONSCIENTI
OUSNESS
Anxiety Warmth Fantasy Trust Competence
Angry–
Gregariousne
Aesthetics Straightforwa
Order
Hostility
ss
rdedness
Depression Assertiveness Feelings Altruism Dutifulness
Self–
conscientious
ness
Activity Actions Compliance Achievement
striving
Impulsivenes
s
Excitement
seeking
Ideas Modesty Self–
discipline
Vulnerability Positive
emotions
Values Tender
mindedness
Deliberation
7. Cluster A Paranoid, Schizoid and Schizotypal
Seem odd or eccentric; with unusual behavior ranging
from distrust and suspiciousness to social detachment.
Cluster B
Histrionic, Narcissistic, Anti-social
and Borderline
Individuals with these disorders share a tendency to be
dramatic, emotional and erratic.
Cluster C
Avoidant, Dependent and
Obsessive-Compulsive
In contrast to the other two clusters, people with these
disorders often show anxiety and fearfulness.
8. PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
Paranoid personality
disorder is characterized
by a distrust of others
and a constant suspicion
that people around you
have sinister motives.
9. CRITERIA FOR PARANOID
PERSONALITY DISORDER
DSM-IV-TR
A. Evidence of pervasive distrust or
suspiciousness of others present in
at least four of the 7 following ways:
17. B. Does not occur exclusively during
course of Schizophrenia, Mood disorder
with Psychotic Features, or other
psychotic disorder
It is important to remember that
people with PPD are not usually
psychotic; most of the time they
are in clear contact with reality.
18. CAUSAL FACTORS of PPD
– Little is known for the causes and no clear cut
– Partial genetic transmission that may link the
disorder to schizophrenia, but results examining
this issue are inconsistent (Kendler, Czajkowski,
et al., 2006; M. B. Miller et al., 2001)
19. CAUSAL FACTORS of PPD
– Psychosocial are suspected to play a role
include parental neglect or abuse and exposure
to violent adults.
21. Theorists believe that this
disorder develops from
unsatisfied need for
human contact. Their
parents are believed to
have been unaccepting,
neglective, or abusive of
their children. People with
this disorder are unable to
give or receive love.
(Comer 2009)
Psychoanalytic View
22. CRITERIA FOR SCHIZOID
PERSONALITY DISORDER
A. Evidence of a pervasive pattern of
detachment from social relationships and
a restricted range of expression of
emotions in interpersonal settings shown
in at least four of the 7 followings ways:
30. B. Does not occur exclusively during
course of Schizophrenia, Mood disorder
with Psychotic Features, or other
psychotic disorder or Pervasive
Developmental Disorders
31. CAUSAL FACTORS of Schizoid PD
• Little causes known and inconsistent.
• Likely precursor to the development
of schizophrenia but still challenged.
• Traits have shown to have
only modest heritability.
32. Paranoid PD vs. Schizoid PD
NEO-PI-R
Paranoid PD High Angry-hostility,
(Neuroticisim)
Low in Trust,
Straightforwardness
, and compliance
(Agreeableness)
33. Paranoid PD vs. Schizoid PD
NEO-PI-R
Schizoid PD Low in warmth,
gregariousness,
positive emotions
(EXTRAVERSION)
Low in feelings
(OPENNESS)
34.
35. DEMOGRAPHICS AND PREVALENCE OF
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
The estimated overall prevalence of DSM-IV
personality disorders was 9%. Cluster A
disorders were most prevalent in men who
had never married. Cluster B disorders were
most prevalent in young men without a high
school degree, and cluster C disorders in high
school graduates who had never married.
36. DEMOGRAPHICS AND PREVALENCE OF
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
In general, the prevalence of personality
disorders in this community sample was
higher in men than in women; higher in
formerly married and highest in never-married,
compared with ever-married
individuals; and higher in people who
dropped out of high school than in
graduates.
37.
38. TREATMENTS FOR PPD
The therapist must be
careful to balance
being objective in
therapy and with
regards to these
thoughts, and of raising
the suspicions of the
client that he or she is
not trusted.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
39. TREATMENTS FOR PPD
It is a difficult
balance to
maintain, even
after a good
working rapport
has been
established.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
40. TREATMENTS FOR PPD
Medications which
are prescribed for
specific conditions
should be done so
for the briefest time
period possible to
bring the condition
under management.
MEDICATIONS
41. TREATMENTS FOR PPD
An anti-anxiety agent,
such as diazepam, is
appropriate to
prescribe if the client
suffers from severe
anxiety or agitation
where it begins to
interfere with normal,
daily functioning.
MEDICATIONS
42. TREATMENTS FOR PPD
An anti-psychotic
medication, such as
thioridazine or
haloperidol, may be
appropriate if a patient
decompensates into
severe agitation or
delusional thinking
which may result in self-harm
or harm to others.
MEDICATIONS
43. TREATMENTS FOR PPD
There are not any
self-help support
groups or
communities that
we are aware of that
would be conducive
to someone
suffering from this
disorder.
SELP-HELP
44. TREATMENTS FOR PPD
Such approaches would
likely not be very
effective because a
person with this
disorder is likely to be
mistrustful and
suspicious of others and
their motivations,
making group help and
dynamics unlikely and
possibly harmful.
SELP-HELP
45. TREATMENTS FOR SPD
While there are many
suggested treatment
approaches one could
make for this disorder,
none of them are likely
to be easily effective. As
with all personality
disorders, the treatment
of choice is individual
psychotherapy.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
46. TREATMENTS FOR SPD
However, people with
this disorder are
unlikely to seek
treatment unless they
are under increased
stress or pressure in
their life.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
47. TREATMENTS FOR SPD
Goals of treatment
most often are
solution-focused
using brief therapy
approaches.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
48. TREATMENTS FOR SPD
Medication is usually
not an issue for
someone who suffers
from this disorder,
unless they also have
an additional Axis I
disorder, such as major
depression.
MEDICATIONS
49. TREATMENTS FOR SPD
Most patients show no
additional improvement
with the addition of an
antidepressant
medication, though,
unless they are also
suffering from suicidal
ideation or a major
depressive episode.
MEDICATIONS
50. TREATMENTS FOR SPD
SELP-HELP Self-help methods for
the treatment of this
disorder are often
overlooked by the
medical profession
because very few
professionals are
involved in them.
51. TREATMENTS FOR SPD
SELP-HELP The social network
provided within a self-help
support group can be a
very important
component of increased,
higher life functioning and
a decrease in an inability
to function in the face of
unexpected stressors.
52.
53. Prognosis of Paranoid and
Schizoid Personality Disorders
Treatments are very
difficult for these two
disorders and there
are not many options.
Many psychiatrists
believe it to be out of
their expertise and/or
untreatable .
54. Prognosis of Paranoid and
Schizoid Personality Disorders
People with these
disorders have a hard
time becoming
emotionally close to their
therapists. Sometimes
therapy helps suffers to
experience more positive
feelings and have better
social interactions.
55. Prognosis of Paranoid and
Schizoid Personality Disorders
Drug therapy
is also
administered
but has
limited help.