Perovskite solar cells are a promising low-cost alternative to traditional silicon solar cells. They have a crystal structure that allows them to efficiently convert sunlight into electricity. Key components include a perovskite absorber layer and transport layers. Perovskite solar cells offer advantages like lower manufacturing costs, higher efficiencies approaching 25%, and lightweight flexible designs. However, stability issues and the use of toxic lead need to be addressed before widespread commercialization. Ongoing research aims to overcome these challenges and realize the technology's potential to advance renewable energy.