The document provides information about Peru, including its population of 29.9 million, capital of Lima, area of 1.28 million square kilometers, and main exports of fish, copper, gold, and petroleum. It discusses Peru's history from the earliest inhabitants 9,000 years ago to the Inca Empire and independence in 1821. It also notes details on Peru's developing economy, Nobel Prize winning author Mario Vargas Llosa, and iconic ceviche as part of Peruvian cuisine.