The document discusses wound healing principles and treatment. It begins by defining wounds and describing the different types, such as acute and chronic wounds. It then explains the four phases of normal wound healing: inflammation, proliferation, maturation, and remodeling. It discusses factors that can delay or prevent healing, leading to chronic wounds. The document also covers wound bed preparation principles like debridement and infection control. It provides details on various wound dressing types and their indications and contraindications.
Materi kuliah luka untuk blok trauma mahasiswa pre klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Nusa Cendana. Materi ini silakan diunduh untuk kepentingan pendidikan kesehatan.
Materi kuliah luka untuk blok trauma mahasiswa pre klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Nusa Cendana. Materi ini silakan diunduh untuk kepentingan pendidikan kesehatan.
Prinsip pengkajian pada pasien gawat darurat dan kritis adalah “treat first what kill first”
Pengkajian gawat darurat dilakukan dengan Primary survey dan Secondary Survey (pengkajian primer dan pengkajian sekunder)
Assessment dan intervensi dilakukan secara simultan/bersama-sama dan terus menerus atau Assess, Address, advance
Luka bakar bukan luka biasa. Luka bakar adalah cedera berat yang menimbulkan morbiditas dan mortalitas luar biasa. Dokter muda diharapkan mampu mengenali luka bakar, mengetahui resusitasi dan kapan harus merujuk, dan tahu bagaimana mengedukasi masyarakat untuk mencegah luka bakar. Bahan ini dibuat untuk kepentingan pembelajaran dokter muda di lingkungan RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FK Universitas Nusa Cendana.
Prinsip pengkajian pada pasien gawat darurat dan kritis adalah “treat first what kill first”
Pengkajian gawat darurat dilakukan dengan Primary survey dan Secondary Survey (pengkajian primer dan pengkajian sekunder)
Assessment dan intervensi dilakukan secara simultan/bersama-sama dan terus menerus atau Assess, Address, advance
Luka bakar bukan luka biasa. Luka bakar adalah cedera berat yang menimbulkan morbiditas dan mortalitas luar biasa. Dokter muda diharapkan mampu mengenali luka bakar, mengetahui resusitasi dan kapan harus merujuk, dan tahu bagaimana mengedukasi masyarakat untuk mencegah luka bakar. Bahan ini dibuat untuk kepentingan pembelajaran dokter muda di lingkungan RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FK Universitas Nusa Cendana.
The variety of wounds present challenges to the physician to select the most appropriate management to facilitate healing.
A complete wound history along with knowledge of the healing potential of the wound, as it relates to the specific medical and environmental considerations for each patient, provides the basis of decision making for wound management.
It is essential to consider each wound individually in order to create the optimal conditions for wound healing.
Understanding of wound healing is as important as knowing the pathogenesis of disease, because satisfactory wound healing is the ultimate goal of treatment.
If we are able to understand the mechanism of wound healing, we can design treatment approaches that maximize favorable conditions for wound healing to occur.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. Apa itu Luka ?
• Luka adalah suatu gangguan dari kondisi normal pada kulit
• Luka adalah kerusakan kontinuitas kulit, mukosa membrane dan tulang
atau organ tubuh lain.
• Ketika luka timbul, efek yang akan muncul adalah :
a. Hilangnya seluruh atau Sebagian fungsi organ.
b. Respon stress simpatis
c. Perdarahan serta pembekuan darah
d. Kontaminasi bakteri
e. Kematian sel
3. Luka berdasarkan waktu penyembuhan
Luka Akut : luka dengan masa penyembuhan sesuai
dengan konsep penyembuhan yang telah
diharapkan
Luka Kronis : Luka yang mengalami kegagalan
dalam proses penyembuhan, dapat karena faktor
eksogen dan endogen.
4. Introduction
Normal healing of acute skin wound :
- through 4 distinct, but overlapping phases
Diegelmann, RF , Evans, MC , WOUND HEALING: AN OVERVIEW OF ACUTE, FIBROTIC AND DELAYED H
Frontiers in Bioscience 9, 283-289, January 1, 2004
5. Pathophysiology
Hemostasis
• begins immediately after the injury
• vascular constriction
• the formation of a platelet thrombus
• propagation of the coagulation cascade
• termination of clotting
• removal of the clot by fibrinolysis
01.
Proliferation
• Occurs 3 to 21 days after injury and
involves processes of angiogenesis,
granulation tissue production, collagen
deposition, and epithelialization.
03.
Inflamation
• Inflammatory cells migrate to the wound site
after platelet activation during the first several
days following injury.
• Mast cells release vasoactive cytokines
• increase capillary permeability and promote
local dilation to aid the migratory process
02.
Maturation
• final stage of wound healing is the maturation
phase, and includes collagen cross-linking,
remodeling, and wound contraction.
04.
9. PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
(Fibroplasia phase) day 2 - ~ 6
weeks
Clinical signs:
Disappearance of inflammatory signs,
Reduction of swelling,
Reduction of wound size (contraction),
itching
Key-elements:
Net collagen synthesis,
Increase in wound tensile strength,
Scar formation
10. PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
Wound Contraction
“ Wounds heal from side to side but
contract from end to end ”
Highest rate of contraction from days 10-21
Collagen Deposition
11. MATURATION AND RE-MODELLING
PHASE
3 weeks to 1-2 years
Type III collagen is replaced by type I
collagen,
Duration of phase dependent upon :
patient age (decreased age - increased duration),
racial differences,
type of wound, body location
duration of inflammatory phase
Collagenases act to resorb necessary fibers
that have been deposited randomly - initially
collagen deposition = collagen resorption, but
eventually resorption is greater than
12.
13. CHRONIC WOUND
Etiology Fail to heal :
1. Infection / inflammation
2. Recurrent trauma
3.Inadequate O2 & blood supply
4. Underlying chronic diseases
5. Inadequate medical care :
- socio-economic or psychosocial
limitations
Chronic Wound :
- Arrest to heal
- Failure to progress normally over a 30 day
period
Smith AP.S., Etiology Of The Problem Wound
in Sheffield PJ, Fife CE, Wound Care Practice, 2nd ed, 2007
14. Normal Healing Process
Tissue is viable No Foreign Bodies
Free From Excessive Bacterial Contamination
Ideal Local Conditions
Prasetyono TOH. General concept of wound healing: revisited.
Med J Indones.2009; 19(.)
16. Primary intention
involves epidermis and dermis without total
penetration of dermis healing by process of
epithelialization
When wound edges are brought together so that
they are adjacent to each other (re-approximated)
Minimizes scarring
Most surgical wounds heal by primary intention
healing
Wound closure is performed with sutures
(stitches), staples, or adhesive tape
Examples: well-repaired lacerations,well reduced
bone fractures,healing after flap surgery
17. Secondary intention
The wound is allowed to granulate
Surgeon may pack the wound with a gauze or
use a drainage system
Granulation results in a broader scar
Healing process can be slow due to presence of
drainage from infection
Wound care must be performed daily to
encourage wound debris removal to allow for
granulation tissue formation
Examples:gingivectomy,gingivoplasty,tooth
extraction sockets, poorly reduced fractures.
18. Tertiary intention
(Delayed primary closure or secondary suture):
The wound is initially cleaned, debrided and
observed, typically 4 or 5 days before closure.
The wound is purposely left open
Examples:healing of wounds by use of tissue
grafts.
19. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WOUND
CARE
Local Bioburden Management / Infection Control
Wound Debridement
Surgical / sharp debridement
Mechanical Debridement
Chemical or Enzymatic Debridement
Autolytic Debridement
20. Concept of Wound Bed
Preparation
Debridement of nonviable tissue and denatured
extracellular matrix (ECM),
Control of bacterial burden and inflammation,
Establishing optimal moisture balance,
Stimulation of epidermal cell migration at the
wound edge.
21. Wound Bed Preparation
Aim :
Optimal Wound Healing Environment :
Well vascularized Wound Bed
Stable Wound Bed
Minimal Exudate
Structured & Systematic Approach :
Removal of Barriers
23. Surgical Debridement
Sharp debridement uses a scalpel, scissor or
other instrument to cut devitalized tissue
The fast & most efficient method
The preffered method in rapidly developing
inflammation of the body’s connective tissue &
general infection ( Sepsis )
Carried out by physician :
Bedsite or in Operating theatre
24. Surgical Debridement :
General Consideration
Bedside
Minor sized,
Superficial
No anasthesia or
Local anasthesia
Control of hemostatic
<
Effectiveness <
Low cost
Operating theatre
Deep
General anasthesia
Good lightning for
best assessment &
evaluation
Control of hemostatic
>
Effectiveness >
High cost
25. Mechanical Debridement
Saline-moistened dressing is allowed to dry
overnight and adhere to the dead tissue.
As the dressing is removed, the devitalized tissue
is pulled away.
One of the oldest methods of debridement.
Painful since the dressing adhered to non-vital as
well as vital tissue.
Not selective: good and bad tissue
an unacceptable debridement method for
clean
wounds where a new layer of healing cells is
already developing.
30. Scab Formation Necrosis Granulation Epithelialization
Red → Black Yellow Red Pink
Degree I
Degree II
Degree III
Degree IV
Polyurethane Film
Hydrogel
Polyurethane Foam
Hydrocolloid, Thin Polyurethane Foam
Alginate, Polymer Bead, Cavity Filler
The Choice of Wound Dressings
Kinds & Properties of Wound Dressing
31.
32. Hidrogel
Dapat membantu proses peluruhan
jaringan nekrotik oleh tubuh sendiri.
Berbahan dasar gliserin/air yang dapat
memberikan kelembaban
Digunakan sebagai dressing primer dan
memerlukan balutan sekunder (pad/kasa
dan transparent film)
Topikal ini tepat digunakan untuk luka
nekrotik/berwarna hitam/kuning dengan
eksudat minimal atau tidak ada.
33. Film Dressing
Jenis balutan ini lebih sering
digunakan sebagai secondary
dressing dan untuk luka - luka
superfi sial dan noneksudatif atau
untuk luka post-operasi.
Terbuat dari polyurethane film
yang disertai perekat adhesif; tidak
menyerap eksudat.
Indikasi: luka dengan epitelisasi,
low exudate, luka insisi.
Kontraindikasi: luka terinfeksi,
eksudat banyak.
34. Hydrocolloid
Balutan ini berfungsi mempertahankan luka dalam
suasana lembab, melindungi luka dari trauma dan
menghindarkan luka dari risiko infeksi, mampu
menyerap eksudat tetapi minimal; sebagai dressing
primer atau sekunder, support autolysis untuk
mengangkat jaringan nekrotik atau slough.
Terbuat dari pektin, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose,
dan elastomers.
Indikasi: luka berwarna kemerahan dengan
epitelisasi, eksudat minimal.
Kontraindikasi: luka terinfeksi atau luka grade III-IV.
35. Calcium Alginate
Digunakan untuk dressing primer dan masih
memerlukan balutan sekunder. Membentuk
gel di atas permukaan luka; berfungsi
menyerap cairan luka yang berlebihan dan
menstimulasi proses pembekuan darah.
Terbuat dari rumput laut yang berubah
menjadi gel jika bercampur dengan cairan
luka.
Indikasi: luka dengan eksudat sedang
sampai berat.
Kontraindikasi: luka dengan jaringan nekrotik
dan kering.
Tersedia dalam bentuk lembaran dan
pita, mudah diangkat dan
dibersihkan.
36. Foam/absorbant dressing
Balutan ini berfungsi untuk menyerap
cairan luka yang jumlahnya sangat
banyak (absorbant dressing),
sebagai dressing primer atau
sekunder.
Terbuat dari polyurethane; non-
adherent wound contact layer, highly
absorptive.
Indikasi: eksudat sedang sampai
berat.
Kontraindikasi: luka dengan eksudat
minimal, jaringan nekrotik hitam.
37. Dressing Antimicrobial
Balutan mengandung silver 1,2% dan
hydrofi ber dengan spektrum luas
termasuk bakteri MRSA (methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
Balutan ini digunakan untuk luka kronis
dan akut yang terinfeksi atau berisiko
infeksi.
Balutan antimikrobial tidak disarankan
digunakan dalam jangka waktu lama dan
tidak direkomendasikan bersama cairan
NaCl 0,9%.
38. Antimicrobial Hydrophobic
Terbuat dari diakylcarbamoil chloride,
nonabsorben, non-adhesif.
Digunakan untuk luka bereksudat
sedang – banyak, luka terinfeksi, dan
memerlukan balutan sekunder.
39. Medical Collagen Sponge
Terbuat dari bahan collagen dan sponge.
Digunakan untuk merangsang percepatan
pertumbuhan jaringan luka dengan
eksudat minimal dan memerlukan balutan
sekunder